This page describes the major features and capabilities ofCloud SQL for PostgreSQL. Cloud SQL is also available forMySQL andSQL Server.

Note: For information about the supported versions of database engines, seeDatabase versions and version policies.

PostgreSQL features by Cloud SQL editions

For more information about the features for each edition of Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL,seeIntroduction to Cloud SQL editions.

PostgreSQL feature support for Cloud SQL

• Fully managed PostgreSQL databases in the cloud.
• Instances available in the Americas, EU, Asia, and Australia. Seealllocations where you can create Cloud SQLinstances.
• Supports migration from source databases to Cloud SQL destination databasesusingDatabase Migration Service(DMS).
• Customer data encrypted on Google's internal networks and in databasetables, temporary files, and backups.
• Support for secure external connections with the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy or with theSSL/TLS protocol.
• Data replication between multiple zones with automatic failover.
• Import and export databases using SQL dump files.
• Support for PostgreSQL client-server protocol and standard PostgreSQLconnectors.
• Automated backups, on-demand backups, and point-in-time recovery.
• Instance cloning.
• Integration with Google Cloud Observability logging and monitoring.
• Support for multiplePostgreSQL versions.
• Logical replication

Supported PostgreSQL extensions for Cloud SQL

Cloud SQL supports many PostgreSQL extensions. For a complete list of theseextensions, seeConfigure PostgreSQLextensions.

Supported PostgreSQL procedural languages for Cloud SQL

Cloud SQL supports thePL/pgSQL SQL procedurallanguage.

Supported languages for Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL

You can use Cloud SQL with App Engine applications running in theflexible environment that are written in:

• C#
• Go
• Java
• Node.js
• PHP
• Python
• Ruby

You can also use Cloud SQL with external applications using the standardPostgreSQL client-server protocol.

How you can connect to Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instances

You can connect to a Cloud SQL instance from:

• Apsql client.Learn more.
• Third-party tools that use the standard PostgreSQL client-server protocol.
• External applications.Learnmore.
• App Engine applications.Learnmore.
• Applications running on Compute Engine.Learnmore.
• Applications running on Google Kubernetes Engine.Learnmore.
• Cloud Run functions.Learn more.
  • Cloud Run.Learn more.

Connecting to Cloud SQL with Private Google access isn't supported.

Differences between standard PostgreSQL and Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL

In general, the PostgreSQL functionality provided by a Cloud SQLinstance is the same as the functionality provided by a locally-hostedPostgreSQL instance. However, there are a few differences between a standardPostgreSQL instance and a Cloud SQL instance.

Unsupported features for Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL

• Any feature that requiresSUPERUSER privileges with the following exceptions:

  • You can use theCREATE EXTENSION statement only forsupported extensions.

  • If you are assigned to thecloudsqlsuperuser role, then you can performCREATE CAST andDROP CAST statements. For more information, seeSuperuser restrictions and privileges.

• TheWITHOUT FUNCTION cast method.

• Custom background workers.

• Thepsql client in Cloud Shell doesn't support operations thatrequire a reconnection, such as connecting to a different database using the\c command.

• Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation.

Notable differences between PostgreSQL and Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL

• Some PostgreSQL options and parameters aren't enabled for editing asCloud SQL flags.

  To request the addition of a configurable Cloud SQL flag, use theCloud SQL for PostgreSQL Forum.