This page summarizes PostgreSQL language support in Spanner.

Spanner provides PostgreSQL language support byexpressing Spanner database features through a subset ofopen source PostgreSQL language constructs, with extensions added tosupport Spanner features like interleaved tables andhints.

For detailed information about this support, refer to these pages:

• Lexical structure and syntaxdescribes how to form valid PostgreSQL statements.
• Data definition (DDL)defines the syntax of DDL statements likeCREATE DATABASE andCREATETABLE.
• Data manipulation (DML)defines the syntax of DML statements likeINSERT andUPDATE.
• Queries defines thesyntax of theSELECT statement.
• Subqueries defines thesyntax of subqueries.
• Data types describes thedata types that Spanner supports.
• Functionsdescribes the functions that Spanner supports.
• Stored proceduresdescribes stored procedures that come with Spanner.
• Known issues in the PostgreSQL interface for Spanner describes PostgreSQL languagefeatures that don't work as expected.

Spanner doesn't support several open source PostgreSQLfeatures, including the following:

• Triggers
• SERIAL
• Fine-grained concurrency control
• SAVEPOINT
• Transactional DDL
• Partial indexes
• Extensions
• Foreign data wrappers
• User-defined data types, functions and operators