This document teaches you how to access Cloud Billing Reports in theGoogle Cloud console and how to configure reports, providing details on how touse the various report settings, filters, and report features to track andunderstand your Google Cloud usage costs.

View your billing reports and cost trends

Use the Reports page to view and analyze your Google Cloud usage cost andcost trends using a variety of configurable settings and filters. The Reportspage displays a chart that plots usage costs for a Cloud Billingaccount, including costs in all projects linked to the billing account. To helpyou view the cost trends that are important to you, you can select a data range,specify a time range, configure the chart filters, and group your data by avariety of options, such as by project, service, SKU, or location.

Cloud Billing reports can help you answer questions like these:

• How is my current month's Google Cloud spending trending?
• Which Google Cloud project cost the most last month?
• Which Google Cloud service (for example, Compute Engine orCloud Storage) cost me the most?
• How do my daily costs per Google Cloud service compare over time?
• What are my forecasted future costs based on historical trends?
• How much am I spending by region?
• What was the cost of resources with labelX?

Note: Historicalusage and cost data is available back to January 2017.Data filtered byinvoice month is available back to January 2019.For more information, seeData availability.

Permissions required to access reports

Depending on your level of Cloud Billing access, you can view costreports for a Cloud Billing account (including viewing the costs formore than one project linked to the billing account), or you can view costreports for individual projects.

View costs reports for a Cloud Billing account

View costs for an individual Google Cloud project

To view all costs for a Cloud Billing account, you need permissions on theCloud Billing account. Cloud Billing account permissions are granted using roles on the billing account. To view the cost reports for your Cloud Billing account, including viewing the cost information forall of the Google Cloud projects that are linked to the billing account, you need a role on yourCloud Billing account that includes the following permissions: billing.accounts.get billing.accounts.getSpendingInformation To gain these permissions using a predefined role, ask your administrator to grant you one of the following Cloud Billing IAM roles on your Cloud Billing account: Billing Account Viewer Billing Account Costs Manager Billing Account Administrator For more information about Cloud Billing permissions, see: Overview of Cloud Billing access control Create custom roles for Cloud Billing Understanding predefined Identity and Access Management roles for Cloud Billing

To view all costs for anindividual Google Cloud project, you needbilling-specific permissions on theGoogle Cloud project. Project permissions are granted using roles on the Google Cloud project. To view the Cloud Billing reports for a project, you need a role on theGoogle Cloud project that includes the following permissions: billing.resourceCosts.get resourcemanager.projects.get To gain these permissions using a predefined role, ask your administrator to grant you one of the following basic IAM roles on your Google Cloud projects: Project Viewer Project Editor Project Owner Note: If you are viewing Cloud Billing reports usingproject-level permissions only, some of thebilling-account-level report features aren't available. For more information about Google Cloud project permissions, see: Access control for projects with IAM IAM basic and predefined roles reference

Access the reports page

To view the cost reports for your Cloud Billing account or project:

1. Using the procedure that fits yourlevel of access to Cloud Billing accounts,go to your Cloud Billing account in the Billing section of theGoogle Cloud console:

   Users with Cloud Billing account permissions

   Users with project-level permissions only

   If you have Cloud Billing account permissions, you can select from a list of billing accounts that you have permissions to access. In the Google Cloud console, go to your Cloud Billing account. Go to your Cloud Billing account At the prompt,choose the Cloud Billing account for which you'd like to view cost reports. The BillingOverview page opens for the selected billing account.

   If you only have project permissions, but don't have any permissions on your project's Cloud Billing account, you'll need to select your projectbefore you navigate to the Billing section. Sign in to the Google Cloud console dashboard and select a project. Open Google Cloud console Select a project for which you'd like to view cost reports. Next,navigate to Billing: Open the Google Cloud consoleNavigationmenumenu, andthen selectBilling. If you're prompted to choose which billing account you want to view and manage, clickGo to linked billing account to view the billing account that's linked to your selected project. The BillingOverview page opens for the selected billing account.

2. In theCost management section of theBilling navigation menu,selectReports.

   The Report page opens usingdefault settings,displaying all costs for the current month, grouped by service.

   • If you havebilling-account-level permissions, you can see costs forall of the projects linked to the billing account. If you enabledGemini Cloud Assist,you can use theGemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing features on the Report.
   • If you're a project user, and are accessing the Cloud Billingaccount usingproject-level permissions only, you can see costs for asingle project – the project that you selected in theGoogle Cloud consolebefore you accessed the Billing section. If youenabled theGemini Cloud Assist API in theselected project, and you're granted theGemini-specific IAM roles on theselected project, then you can usetheGemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing features on the Report.
   Note: Gemini Cloud Assistfeatures aren't available on the Report when you're viewing aCloud BillingSubaccount.

About the default Cloud Billing report

Based on your report filters and other settings, the report chart displays astacked bar chart where each bar plots costs over time. TheGroup by setting determines what each stack in the bar represents — each grouping gets itsown stack in the bar chart and row in the table.

By default, the report uses theServices — this month preset report view,which returns a report showing the current calendar month's daily cost for allservices and SKUs, grouped by Service.

If you have enabledGemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing,the Gemini Cloud Assist features areavailable above the report header. Gemini features includesaved reports,Gemini-assisted reports creation,andreport summaries.

The following information explains how to interpret the different sections ofthe report when using the default report view:

• For a quick view of your actual cost totals compared toforecasted costs, use thereport header above the report chart. Thereport header includes the following information:

  • Actual cost-to-date for the current month, including total savings, anda percent change indicator to show you if your overall costs are trendingup or down compared to the previous time period.
  • Total forecasted cost for the entire current month, including forecastedsavings, and a percent change indicator to show you how your forecastedcosts are trending compared to the previous time period.

• For a daily summary and breakdown of costs by service, view thereport chart. The chart displays the current month's dailyusage-specific costs grouped by service (for all Google Cloudprojects), including any usage-specific savings applied.

  • The chart also includes forecasted costs, indicated in the chart inlight gray, helping you visualize how your forecasted costs aretrending.

  • Each stacked bar in the chart (and row in the table) correspondsto the service, ranked largest to smallest by subtotal.

• For cost totals by service, view thereport table. The table showsa row for each service that incurred usage-specific costs and savings forthe month,sorted by theSubtotal column in descending order.

  Note:Usage-specific costs and savings don't include account-level costsand credits reported on your invoice (for example, taxes, contractualcredits, or surcharges). To include invoice-level costs and credits, setyourTime range filter toInvoice month. For more information, seeData availability.

• For a quick view of your actual, usage-specific costtotals, look at thereport footer, below the table.

  The values that display in the footer depend on the report's time range settings, filters, and your permission level for viewing costs in the Cloud Billing account. When viewing the report using anInvoicemonth time range, the footer totals can includeinvoice-level costs and credits such as taxes and adjustments. If your permissions limit your billing reportaccess to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-levelcharges.

Note that the report's default settings are different if you access thereport from theBudget and alerts page—the report's timeframe and filters are configured using the budget'sscope settings. For details, seeViewing a budget in your report.

Manage report settings and filters

Use the various report settings and filters to customize the report view.You can select apreset report orsaved report,and you can further refine the data displayed in the report by adjusting theTime range,Group by,and the various reportFilters.If Gemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing is enabled,you canask Gemini Cloud Assist to create a report.

Key Point: As you configure your report by setting theTime range,Group by, and otherFilters, your report output and view changes.You cansave your report view,share or bookmark the URL of a customized report,generate a SQL query from the report,ordownload the report data to a comma-separated values (CSV) file.

Ask Gemini Cloud Assist to find or create a report

If you enabledGemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing,you canask Gemini Cloud Assist to create a report.When prompted, Gemini interprets your request and automaticallyconfigures the report settings and filters to create the report for you.

Note: Gemini Cloud Assist features aren't available on the Report when you're viewing aCloud BillingSubaccount.

Use preset reports for quick configuration

Cloud Billing provides several recommended reports with preconfiguredsettings that you can select for efficient access to your usage and cost data.

• SelectlistSee all reports to open a comprehensive list of reports, including yourcustom saved reports and the Google Cloud-created, recommended preset reports.
• Also, for customers who have enabledGemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing,the preset reports and your custom saved reports are accessible in a carouselthat displays below theAsk Gemini Cloud Assistprompt field. The most frequently viewed reports (from both your customsaved reports and the preset reports) appear in the carousel. You can scrollthe reports carousel left and right to select a report.

The following Google Cloud-created, preconfigured report views areavailable:

Preset reports using aUsage date time range
Services — this month (default)	Time range: Current month.Group by: Service. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped byService (for example, Compute Engine or Cloud Storage), including any usage-specific savings applied, but not including invoice-level charges or credits such as taxes and adjustments.
Projects — this month	Time range: Current month.Group by: Project. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped byProject, including any usage-specific savings applied, but not including invoice-level charges and credits such as taxes and adjustments.
SKUs — this month	Time range: Current month.Group by: SKU. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped bySKU, including any usage-specific savings applied, but not including invoice-level charges and credits such as taxes and adjustments.
Services — daily costs this month	Time range: Current month.Group by: Date > Service. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped byDate > Service, including any usage-specific savings applied. In the report table, expand the row for a day to see your daily costs summarized per service. This view doesn't include invoice-level charges and credits such as taxes and adjustments.
Projects — daily costs this month	Time range: Current month.Group by: Date > Project. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped byDate > Project, including any usage-specific savings applied. In the report table, expand the row for a day to see your daily costs summarized per project. This view doesn't include invoice-level charges and credits such as taxes and adjustments.
SKUs — daily costs this month	Time range: Current month.Group by: Date > SKU. Description: The current calendar month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped byDate > SKU, including any usage-specific savings applied. In the report table, expand the row for a day to see your daily costs summarized per SKU. This view doesn't include invoice-level charges and credits such as taxes and adjustments.
Services — daily costs L7D	Time range: Last seven days.Group by: Date > Service. Description: The daily costs for the last seven days (L7D) for all services and SKUs, grouped byDate > Service, including any usage-specific savings applied. In the report table, expand the row for a day to see your daily costs summarized per service. This view doesn't include invoice-level charges and credits such as taxes and adjustments.

Preset reports using anInvoice month time range
Last invoice by service	Time range: Most recent invoice month.Group by: Service. The most recent, complete invoice month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by Service; including savings andinvoice-level charges, such as tax; aggregated by total invoice costs for the invoice month, not by individual invoices*. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last invoice by project	Time range: Most recent invoice month.Group by: Project. The most recent, complete invoice month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by Project; including savings andinvoice-level charges, such as tax; aggregated by total invoice costs for the invoice month, not by individual invoices*. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Last invoice by SKU	Time range: Most recent invoice month.Group by: SKU. The most recent, complete invoice month's daily cost for all services and SKUs, grouped by SKU; including savings andinvoice-level charges, such as tax; aggregated by total invoice costs for the invoice month, not by individual invoices*. If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges.
Note: Billing Reports aggregates all invoice costs for theinvoice month, not by individual invoice. If you receive more than one invoice in a month, yourinvoice month totals might not map to the totals of an individual invoice issued in the same month. If you want to view detailed costs perindividual invoice, see thecost table report.

Set theTime range for the report data

The type ofTime range that you select, and the time period that youconfigure, affects your ability to view certain types of costs on the report(such asforecasted costs orinvoice-level charges).

You can select betweenUsage date orInvoice month time range types,then set a date or month range to view the Google Cloud costsincurred during the specified time period.

When you selectUsage date, you can choose a preset or custom time rangefor charting cost data (available back to January 2017). If you selectInvoice month, you can set a time range based on complete months(available back to May 2019).

A 24-hour time period in the Cloud Billing report starts at midnightUS and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8), and observes daylight saving timeshifts in the United States.

Time range options
By Usage date	Returns actual usage and cost data incurred during the date range you specify (available back to January 2017). Forecasted costs: The report chart includesforecasted costs if the date range ends on afuture date. Taxes and adjustments:Invoice-level charges such as taxes and adjustments arenot included in the report when viewing costs for aUsage date time range. Negotiated savings: When you set the report time range byUsage date, theCost column displays your costs calculated using the prices that are applicable to your Cloud Billing account. If your Cloud Billing account is associated with acustom pricing contract, thenegotiated savings areincluded in theCost calculations.
By Invoice month	Returns usage costs and invoice-level charges on the invoices issued for the months selected (available back to May 2019). Invoice-level charges include taxes, contractual credits, adjustments, or surcharges, and are calculated when an invoice is issued. You can viewinvoice-level charges in the report footer when you use anInvoice month time range, andall of the other reportFilters are set to show ALL options (such as all Projects, Services, SKUs, and Savings). If your permissions limit your billing report access to viewing costs for a single project, you won't see invoice-level charges. Negotiated savings: When you set the report time range byInvoice month, starting with theMay 2021 invoice, Cloud Billing accounts associated with acustom pricing contract displayNegotiated savings as a savings column, separate from theList cost column. List costs are your costs calculated using the list price, prior to applying yournegotiated savings or any other discounts. Note that Billing Reports aggregates all invoice costs for theinvoice month, and not by individual invoice. If you receive more than one invoice in a month, yourinvoice month totals might not map to the totals of an individual invoice issued in the same month. If you want to view detailed costs perindividual invoice, see theCost table report.

UseGroup by to summarize costs

Costs in the report are summarized by theGroup by option that you select.

• TheGroup by option that you select determines the columns and rows thatappear in thereport table, and affects how the data is presented in thereport chart.
• When using a single-dimensionGroup by option, you can changethe sort order of the rows in thereport table by clicking on a columnheader. When using a multiple-dimensionGroup by option (such asDate > Project), the sort order of the rows in thereport table isfixed and you can't change the order.
• Depending on theTime range set on the report, when you choose a single-dimensionGroup by option, thedata that is displayed in thereport chart is first grouped by date ormonth, and then by the single-dimensionGroup by (such as service,project, or SKU). In thereport table, when using a single-dimensionGroup by option, each row summarizes the costs for the selected option(such as service, project, or SKU).
• Each grouping gets its own bar (or line) in the chart and row in thetable.
• TheGroup by option also affects thereport data that you candownload to a CSV file.

Note: If you're aproject user, and are accessing the Cloud Billingaccount and Billing Report usingproject permissions only,some of theGroup by options arenot available.

TheGroup by options include the following:

Single dimension	Multiple dimension by date	Multiple dimension by month
Subaccount Project Project Hierarchy Service SKU Application Location: Region or multi-region* Label keys No grouping (show total cost only)	Date > Subaccount Date > Project Date > Project Hierarchy Date > Service Date > SKU Date > Application Date > Location: Region or multi-region*	Month > Subaccount Month > Project Month > Project Hierarchy Month > Service Month > SKU Month > Application Month > Location: Region or multi-region*

Single-dimensionGroup by options
When using a single-dimensionGroup by option, thereporttable and thereport chart display the data differently. Thereport table summarizes costs per the selectedGroup by option, creating one row for each. Thereport chart shows costs grouped by time, and the selectedGroup by option. If the report's time range is set for 62 days or less, thereport chart automatically shows costs by day. If your time range covers more than 62 days, thereport chart automatically shows costs by month. Use one of the multiple-dimension date-based or month-basedGroup by options to control the display of data in thereport chart.
Subaccount If you're viewing a primary billing account withsubaccounts, you can select thisGroup by option to summarize your costs by subaccount. Note: You must have billing-account-level permissions to set this option. The subaccount option isnot available when viewing the report usingproject permissions only. Project When grouped by Project, thereport table includes columns forProject (this is the project name),Project ID, andProject number. When grouping byProject, costs that don't belong to a project display as[Charges not specific to a project]. TheProject number is a Google-assigned, anonymized number that's automatically generated for each project you create. In your support cases and other customer communication, Google refers to your projects by the project number. The project number persists after you delete a project, and any costs associated with deleted projects are identified with the project number. Learn more about identifying projects. Project hierarchy Project hierarchy is the project's ancestry, the resource hierarchy mapping of a project (Organization > Folder > Project). When grouped byProject hierarchy, thereport table returns a row for each unique combination ofOrganization > Folder > Project, and the table includes columns forProject,Project ID,Project number, andProject hierarchy. The values listed in theProject hierarchy column showOrganization name > Folder name. Projects can stand alone or be the child of an organization or folder. When grouping byProject hierarchy, projects that stand alone display as[Project not associated with any folders or organizations]. The project hierarchyGroup by option is selectable when the report'sTime range is set tostart on or after January 1, 2022. Learn more about analyzing costs by project hierarchy. Service The defaultGroup by setting isService, which shows your costs in thereport chart summarized by date (or month) and service, and each row in thereport table shows your actual costs and savings summarized by service, such as Compute Engine and BigQuery. SKU To analyze the granular details of your costs and savings, group your costs by SKU. When grouped by SKU, thereport table includes columns forSKU,Service,SKU ID, andUsage. Costs and savings are calculated per SKU and SKU pricing tiers. Application When grouped byApplication, your costs and savings in thereport table are summarized byApp Hub applications. App Hub applications might incur usage and costs in more than one billing account and associated projects. Cost data by application might be based on partial data, limited to projects and costs for the Cloud Billing account that you're actively viewing. When grouping by Application, costs that don't belong to an App Hub application display as[Charges not specific to an application]. Location: Region or multi-region* When grouped byLocation, your costs and savings in thereport table are summarized by theRegions where your applications are located. When grouping byLocation, costs that don't belong to a region or multi-region display as[Charges not specific to a location]. Multi-region listings are marked with an asterisk (for example, us*). Learn more about geography and regions Label keys Grouping byLabel keys summarizes costs by each label value that's paired with the selected label key (for example, key1:value-A, key1:value-B, key1:value-C). Costs that aren't tagged with the selectedLabel key are summarized as[Charges for other usage]. Learn more about creating and managing resource labels. The Cloud Billing report shows you the cost data for a specific label only after the label was added to a resource. For example, if you add the labelenvironment:dev to a Compute Engine VM on January 15, 2024, any analysis forenvironment:dev includes only the usage for that VM since January 15. When grouping by label keys, you don't see labels that are applied to aproject. You see other user-created labels that you set up and applied toGoogle Cloud services. For more information, see common uses of labels and best practices for using labels. Note: You must have billing-account-level permissions to set this option. Grouping by Labels isnot available when viewing the report usingproject permissions only. No grouping (show total cost only) Summarizes the total cost for the specified time range and selected filters.

Multiple-dimensionGroup by options
When using a multiple-dimensionGroup by option, both thereporttable and thereport chart display the cost data summarized bydate or month, and then broken out by the additionalGroup bydimension. Thereport table summarizes costs grouped by date or month, creating one row for each, in descending order, listing the most recent costs first. You can expand a row to view the cost breakdown by the additionalGroup by dimension (such as the daily cost breakdown by service). Thereport chart shows costs grouped by date or month plus the additionalGroup by dimension. The sort order in the chart shows the time range in ascending order, from earliest to latest dates or months, when the chart is read from left to right.
Date-basedGroup by options Date > Subaccount Date > Project Date > Project Hierarchy Date > Service Date > SKU Date > Application Date > Location: Region or multi-region* When you choose a date-basedGroup by option, (such asDate > Service) thereport chart shows the actual and forecasted costs for each day, and each row in thereport table shows the actual cost for each day. In thereport table, you can expand each row for a day to see your daily costs summarized by the additional dimension (such as the daily cost breakdown by service). For example, if you chooseDate > Project, you can see each day's costs broken down by project. If your time range is set to span more than 366 days, the date-basedGroup by options aren't selectable. You can use the month-basedGroup by options. Month-basedGroup by options Month > Subaccount Month > Project Month > Project Hierarchy Month > Service Month > SKU Month > Application Month > Location: Region or multi-region* When you set a time range that spans more than one month, you can choose month-basedGroup by options (such asMonth > Service). When you choose a month-basedGroup by option, thereport chart shows the actual and forecasted costs for each month, and each row in thereport table shows the actual cost for each month. In thereport table, you can expand each row for a month to see your monthly costs summarized by the additional dimension (such as the monthly cost breakdown by service). For example, if you chooseMonth > Project, you can see each month's costs broken down by project.

UseFilters to refine data

Filters refine the data that is returned to your report. In Reports,you can access your filters in two ways:

Two ways to access Report Filters
Use thefilter tiles that are displayed horizontally above the report. If theFilters panel is closed, then you can access each report filter by clicking thefilter tiles above the report. Configured filters are displayed with a light blue background. Filters that use the default settings for that filter are displayed with a white background. By default, only the configured filters are displayed. Selectunfold_moreShow more to expand the list and view all available filters. If theFilters panel is open, then thefilter tiles aren't displayed. Clicklast_pageFilters panel toggle to close theFilters panel if you want to view the horizontalfilter tiles. In eachfilter tile, after you open the filter and change the settings, you must clickApply to update your report with the filter selections.
Use theFilters panel to access and update the filters. Clickfirst_pageFilters panel toggle to open theFilters panel to access all of the available filters, displayed in a vertical column. In theFilters panel, as you configure the filters and change the settings, your report results update automatically based on the filter selections. To undo your filter updates and return the filters to their default state, in theFilters panel, clickReset

Note: Some filters are only available at a billing account level. If you'reaproject user, and are accessing the Cloud Billing account andBilling Report usingproject permissions only,you won't see some of the filters described here.

Filters
Subaccounts	If you're viewing aprimary billing account with subaccounts you can select all subaccounts (default) or select a subset of subaccounts by clicking them in the list. In the list, you can find subaccounts by Subaccount name and by billing account ID, with the account IDs displayed below each Subaccount name.Note: You must have billing-account-level permissions to set this option. TheSubaccounts filter isnot available when viewing the report usingproject permissions only.
Folders & Organizations	Folders and organizations are part of a project hierarchy, the resource hierarchy mapping of a project. If you configure theTime range filter tostart on or after January 1, 2022, you can select all folders or organizations (default) that are associated with the projects that are linked to the Cloud Billing account, or select a subset of folders or organizations. The values in the selector are listed in alphabetical order by resource name. To determine if a value is an organization or a folder, look at the ID number displayed below each name. ID numbers are prefaced withfolders/ ororganizations/ to indicate the type of resource. For the Cloud Billing account you're viewing, if none of the linked projects are associated with any folders or organizations, then this filter option isn't displayed. You can still group by Project hierarchy. For projects that don't have any ancestors, theProject hierarchy column displays[Project not associated with any folders or organizations].
Projects	You can select all Google Cloud projects linked to the Cloud Billing account (default) or select a subset of projects by clicking them in the list. In the list, you can find Projects by Project name and by Project ID, with the Project IDs displayed below each Project name. If a project is shut down or deleted, the project is listed only byproject number. Some costs, such as Support costs, aren't related to a project, and are shown as[Charges not specific to a project]. If you're viewing the report usingproject permissions only, theProjects filter islimited to a single project – the project that you selected in the Google Cloud console before you accessed the Billing section. You can't select a different project. If you want to view the Billing Report for a different project, then you must exit the Billing section, select a different project using the Google Cloud console project selector, and then access the Billing section again. Note: If a project didn't incur any usage for the report's Time range, the project is excluded from the report results in the chart and table.
Services	You can select all services (default) or select a subset of services by clicking them in the list. In the list, you can identify the services by Service name and Service ID, with the ID number displayed below each Service name.
SKUs	You can select all SKUs (default) or select a subset of SKUs by clicking them in the list. In the list, you can find SKUs by SKU name and also by service ID/SKU ID, with the ID numbers displayed below each SKU name. To learn more about SKUs, see the pricing table report.
Applications	You can select allApp Hub Applications (default) or select a subset of Applications by clicking them in the list. App Hub applications might incur usage and costs in more than one billing account and associated projects. Cost data filtered by application might be based on partial data, limited to projects and costs for the Cloud Billing account that you're actively viewing. To filter on costs that aren't part of an App Hub application, select[Charges not specific to an application].
Locations	By default, all locations are enabled. Click the location tiles to filter on a subset of locations bygeography (such asAmericas,Asia-Pacific, orEurope),multi-regions (such asGlobal*), orregions (such asus-east1). Specifically, the report costs are filtered by theregions andmulti-regions you select. Use thegeography tiles to quickly select (or deselect) all regions and multi-regions in that geography. Multi-regions tiles are marked with an asterisk (for example,us*). Learn more about geography and regions.
Labels	Labels are key-value pairs you attach to resource usage (for example, Compute Engine, Cloud Storage, or Google Kubernetes Engine). To filter usage costs by label, follow these steps: Expand theLabels filter. Select a labelKey. Select theValues under the key that you're filtering on (the default is all values under the selected key). To add another label with a different key, click+ Add label, and then select thekey andvalues for the label filter. To remove a label filter, to the right of the label fields clickRemove or thedelete icon (delete). When filtering by label keys, you can't select labels applied to a project. You can select otheruser-created labels that you set up and applied to Google Cloud services. For more information about labels, see common uses of labels and best practices for using labels. Note: You must havebilling-account-level permissions to set this option. TheLabels filter isnot available when viewing the report usingproject permissions only. Label keys for Google Kubernetes Engine If you want to view costs for Google Kubernetes Engine, you can filter your resources using the following label keys: goog-fleet-project Filter cluster resources byfleet host project, if the cluster is registered to a fleet. goog-k8s-cluster-location Filter GKE resources by location. goog-k8s-cluster-name Filter GKE resources by cluster. goog-k8s-node-pool-name Filter cluster resources by node pool. To filter GKE resources using the following label keys, you must enable cost allocation for your GKE clusters: k8s-namespace Filter GKE resources by namespace. k8s-namespace-labels Filter GKE resources by fleet namespace label.
Savings	You can select all applicable Savings options (default) to include in the cost calculations, or you can clear some or all of the Savings options to exclude credits, discounts, and other savings from the cost calculations. TheSavings filter displays only the specific types of savings that you incurred in your Google Cloud costs. If a particular type of credit or discount doesn't apply to your Cloud Billing account, you won't see thatSavings option in the list. Learn more about viewing your Savings.
Invoice level charges	If you configure theTime range filter to use theInvoice month type, you can select all invoice-level charges (default) to include in the cost calculation totals, or you can clear some or all of the invoice-level options. Invoice-level charges display in the report header above the chart and in the report footer below the table. Learn more aboutviewing your charges by invoice. Note: You must havebilling-account-level permissions to set this option. TheInvoice level charges filter isnot available when viewing the report usingproject permissions only.

Adjust chart settings

The chart settings affect the display of report data in theonline view of thereport chart. The chart settings don't change the data that is downloaded toCSV.

Costs aggregated over time

Time aggregation affects the display of data in thereport chart. The reportchart is designed to always display cost data summarized by a time variable anda secondaryGroup by dimension. Based on thetime range setting you select, the report chart shows cost totals aggregated by day ormonth. You can also specify a preferred time aggregation using thedate-based and month-basedGroup by options.

In the chart, the sort order by time shows the time range in ascending order,from earliest to latest dates or months, when the chart is read from left toright.

To change the chart view to visualize how the costs areaccumulatingover time, select theShow cumulative option for the chart.

ADaily time period in the Cloud Billing report starts at midnightUS and Canadian Pacific Time (UTC-8), and observes daylight saving timeshifts in the United States.

Chart style

You can specify a different chart display style using theLine Chart/Bar Chart selector above the chart.

• Theline chart option creates a stacked area chart, with lines plottedover time for eachGroup by option.
• Thebar chart option creates a stacked bar chart, with bars plotted overtime. Each bar in the chart is divided into a number of stacked sub-bars,each one corresponding to aGroup by option.

Data order

The data order in thereport chart and thereport table depends on thetype ofGroup by option that you choose to use in the report settings.

• Single-dimensionGroup by options:When using a single-dimensionGroup by option (for example,Service,Project, orSKU), the order of the data displayed in the stacked lineor bar chart is controlled by the data category you're sorting by in thereport table – indicated by an arrow in the table's columnheaders. Thedefault sort order is set on theSubtotal column, sortingrows in descending order, from largest to smallest costs.

  You can change the sort order of the data by clicking on adifferent column header. The direction of the arrow indicates if you'resorting in descending order – largest to smallest (down arrowarrow_downward), orascending order – smallest to largest (up arrowarrow_upward).To reverse the sort order on the selected column, click the column headeragain.

  

• Multiple-dimensionGroup by options:When using a multiple-dimensionGroup by option (for example,Date > Service orMonth > Project), the sort order of rows in thereport table is set in descending order, by newest to oldestdate ormonth.If you expand a row to view the costs summarized by the additional dimension,the cost breakdown is sorted on thesubtotal column in descending order,from largest to smallest costs.

  You can't change the sort order of the report data when you're using amultiple-dimensionGroup by option.

  

Generate and run a SQL query against your exported billing data

Preview

This product or feature is subject to the "Pre-GA Offerings Terms" in the General Service Terms section of theService Specific Terms. Pre-GA products and features are available "as is" and might have limited support. For more information, see thelaunch stage descriptions.

On the Reports page, you use the report settings and filters to refine the datareturned to your report. If you enabledCloud Billing data export to BigQuery,you can generate a SQL query in BigQuery that's configured touse the equivalent Billing Reportsettings and filters to query your exported billing data. When run against yourexported billing data,the generated query returns the equivalent results in BigQueryas the results in the Billing Report.

Prerequisites to generate and run a query

Togenerate a query from a Cloud Billing Report, ensure you andyour Cloud Billing account meet the following requirements:

• On your Cloud Billing account,Cloud Billing data export to BigQuery must be enabled, for either thestandard usage cost data ordetailed usage cost data.

  Note: If both standard and detailed cost data exports are enabled, when yougenerate a query, the query is created for thedetailed usage cost data.

• You must havepermissions to view costs for yourCloud Billing account.If you're viewing the report using project-level permissions that limit youto accessing costs for a single project, you can't generate a query.

Torun the query in BigQuery, you need the followingpermission:

• You need theBigQuery User role for theGoogle Cloud project that contains the BigQuery dataset being used to store the Cloud Billing data.

• If using custom roles to grant permissions to the billing export project, yourcustom role must include thebigquery.jobs.create permission.

You generate a SQL query from a Cloud Billing report. Thequery is generated to and run in BigQuery. You might havepermissions on your Cloud Billing account that allow you to configurea report andgenerate a query, without you having theBigQuery permissions that are required torun the query.

Cost of use to generate and run queries

• InBilling Reports, when youGenerate a SQL query from a billingreport, you'renot charged for this action.
• However, inBigQuery Studio, when youRun the query toproduce results, youare charged for that action. The cost depends on theamount of data you query.

For more information about the cost of using BigQuery to storeand analyze your Cloud Billing data, seeCost of use.

Generate a query

To create a SQL query to run against your billing data exported toBigQuery, that returns results equivalent to the console report,do the following:

1. Go to theCloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. Set your preferred reportTime range,Group by, and otherFilters to create a report.

3. ClickGenerate query.

   A new browser window opens for BigQuery Studio, and a SQL query isgenerated, configured to query your exported billing data with the equivalentparameters in use on your Billing Report. In BigQuery Studio, theproject selected is the same project set up in yourBilling export configuration.

About the generated query

The generated SQL query consists of five clauses, creating a query that returnsthe equivalent results of the source Billing Report.

• SELECT - Defines the columns that the query will return, includingexpressions to calculate the values in each column.
• FROM - The full path to thedata table that contains the Cloud Billing data exported to BigQuery,specified using three values separated by dots:project-ID.BQ_dataset_name.BQ_table_name
• WHERE - Equivalent to the Report'sTime range setting and includes any specific,non-defaultfilter settings you selected on the report.
• GROUP BY - Equivalent to the Report'sGroup by setting.
• ORDER BY - Equivalent to the defaultdata order setting for the report (which is based on the selectedGroup by option).

Run the query

After you generate a query from a Billing Report, you must run the query toview its results in BigQuery Studio.

Caution: You might incur BigQuery charges when youRun aquery in BigQuery Studio. Generating the query from a billingreport is free. However, when youRun the query to produce results, you'recharged for that action. The cost depends on the amount of data youquery. For more information, seeCost of use.

1. Follow theGenerate a query procedure to create a SQL query in BigQuery Studio.

2. In BigQuery Studio, clickRun to run the query and view thequery results.

   Note: In BigQuery Studio, the project selected is the same projectset up in yourBilling export configuration.If you don't have the necessary level of permissions in theBigQuery project, you might see anaccess denied error,such as: "Access Denied: Project my-billing-project: User does not havebigquery.jobs.create permission in project my-billing-project." If yousee theaccess denied error, you can't run or save the generatedquery.

3. After you run the query, you can save the query results using a variety ofoptions, such as CSV, JSON, a BigQuery table, or GoogleSheets. SelectSave results to see the available save options.

   You can also explore the data with tools such as Sheets, Looker,or Python. SelectExplore data to see the available explore options.

Learn more about BigQuery

• Introduction to SQL in BigQuery
• Overview of BigQuery analytics
• Explore using BigQuery in the Google Cloud console
• About BigQuery IAM roles and permissions
• Control access to BigQuery resources with IAM
• Estimating BigQuery storage and query costs

Save and share report views

You can set many options to customize your online reports. After configuringyour report settings to create a customized view, you might want to save yoursettings to be reused later by you or someone else in your organization whohas the required level of permissions to view reports for theCloud Billing account. You can use these options to save and shareyour customized report views:

• Saved reports: You can selectSave as new to save thechart settings and theGroup by andfilter settings you selected when configuring your report.Saved reports are saved to theAll reports page and are available for viewing by users in yourorganization with Cloud Billingaccount-level access, who can viewreports forall costs and projects for the Cloud Billing account.

  • SelectlistSee all reports to open a comprehensive list of reports, includingyour custom saved reports and the Google Cloud-created, recommendedpreset reports.
  • Also, for customers who have enabledGemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing,your custom saved reports and the preset reports are accessible in acarousel that displays below theAsk Gemini Cloud Assistprompt field. The most frequently viewed reports (from both yourcustom saved reports and the preset reports) appear in the carousel. Youcan scroll the reports carousel left and right to select a report.

• Share: Optionally, you canshare the URL of a customized report using theShare button.Share is a quick option to send the URL of acustomized report to a recipient of your choice, outside of the Reports UI.As you configure your report by setting filters and groupings, your browserURL updates to include your selections. You can share the report bycopying the URL. TheShare feature is available to customers withCloud Billing account-level access, as well as to Project Owners,Project Editors, and Project Viewers who can view Cloud Billingreports for their specific Google Cloud projects.

Permissions required to create or access a saved report

TheSaved reports feature is available in the Reports page to customers whohave the correct level of permissions on the Cloud Billing account.To interact with theSaved reports feature, you must have permissions withCloud Billingaccount-level access. The roles with the necessarypermissions areBilling Account Administrator,Billing Account Costs Manager orBilling Account Viewer on your Cloud Billing account.

• Billing Account Administrators and Billing Account Costs Managershave full access to theSaved reports feature, and cancreate a new, custom saved report,open any saved report,andupdate,rename,anddeletecustom saved reports.
• Billing Account Viewers have access toopen a previously created saved report,but can't create new saved reports, or update, rename, or delete any savedreports.
• If you are a Project Owner, Project Editor, or Project Viewer, you canview Cloud Billing reports for your specific Google Cloudprojects, including using Google Cloud-providedpreset reports.However, because this level of billing access doesn't allow you to viewallcosts forall projects linked to the Cloud Billing account, youcan't create or accesscustom saved reports in theAll reports page.Instead, you can use theShare feature to copy and share the URL of a report you have customized.

For more information about Cloud Billing permissions, seeOverview of Cloud Billing access control.

Save a new report view

1. Go to theCloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. Set your preferredchart settings and reportGroup by and other Filters.
3. Next to the report name, clicksaveSave as new.
4. Enter a name for your saved report (required). By default, a name isautofilled based on the selected filters.
5. ClickSave as new.

Open a saved report

1. Go to theCloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. ClickSee all reports in the Reports toolbar.
3. Your custom, saved reports are categorized in thepersonYour reportslist. You can choose one of your reports, or one of theGoogle Cloud-providedpreset reports.
4. Click asaved report to open the report with the saved settings andfilters. If you have many saved reports, you canfilter_listFilterfor a report by report name to narrow down the list of reports to choosefrom.

Alternatively, if your custom saved report is one that you frequently view, thenthat report might appear in the reports carousel. Note that to use the reportscarousel, you must enableGemini Cloud Assist in Cloud Billing.Your frequently accessed custom saved reports and theGoogle Cloud-provided preset reports are accessible in the carouselthat displays below theAsk Gemini Cloud Assist prompt field.

Update a custom saved report to use different report settings

1. Go to theCloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. ClickSee all reports in the Reports toolbar.
3. Click one of yoursaved reports to open your report with the savedsettings and filters.
4. Update thechart settings and reportGroup by and other Filters to produce a different report view.
5. Next to the report name, clicksaveSave.

6. SelectSave changes to save the report with the updated settings.

   Your updated filter settings are now saved to yourexisting saved reportusing the original name of the saved report. If you want to renameyour saved report to reflect the updated setting and filters, follow thesteps torename your saved report.

Create a new saved report based on an existing saved report

1. Go to theCloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. ClickSee all reports in the Reports toolbar.
3. Click one of yoursaved reports to open your report with the savedsettings and filters.
4. Update thechart settings and reportGroup by and other Filters to produce a different report view.
5. Next to the report name, clicksaveSave, then selectSave as new.
6. Enter a name for your saved Report (required). By default, a name isautofilled based on the previous report name.
7. ClickSave as new.

Rename a saved report

1. Go to theCloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. ClickSee all reports in the Reports toolbar.
3. Click one ofpersonyour reports to open the saved report that you want torename. Note that you can't rename any of the Google Cloud-providedpreset reports.
4. To the right of the report name, select theactions menu(more_vert).
5. SelecteditEdit report name.
6. Update the name of your report, and then clickSave.

Delete a saved report

1. Go to theCloud Billing Reports in the Google Cloud console.
2. ClickSee all reports in the Reports toolbar.
3. Click one ofpersonyour reports to open the saved report that you want todelete. Note that you can't delete any of the Google Cloud-providedpreset reports.
4. To the right of the report name, select theactions menu(more_vert).
5. SelectdeleteDelete report.
6. SelectDelete to permanently delete the saved report.This actioncan't be undone.

Share or bookmark the URL of a customized report

In addition to using theSaved views feature, you can bookmark or sharethe URL of a report you have customized. As you configure your report bysettingFilters and theGroup by option, yourreport page URL updatesto include your selections.

• You can share the report by copying the URL. ClicklinkShare tocopy the URL to your clipboard.
• Optionally, in your browser, you can bookmark the URL to save the URLwith your report settings.

Key Point: As you configure your report bysettingFilters and theGroup by option, your report page URLautomatically updates to include your selections. It's possible that the URLlength limit might be reached if you select many settings (for example,selecting 374 services out of 375). In these instances, thelinkShare buttonis disabled and you see a notification on the reports page:The URLmay no longer reflect your selected filters, due to length limitations.

Download filtered report data to a CSV file

You can download the report data to a comma-separated values (CSV) file usingtheget_appDownload CSV selector located above the summary table. The data thatdownloads is limited by anyfilters that you have set and includes all of the rows and columns in thereport table, plusadditional columns,depending on theGroup by setting you select.

CSV file name

For the Reports data, the file name follows this pattern:

[Billing Account name]_Reports, [YYYY-MM-DD] — [YYYY-MM-DD].csv

For example, a CSV file of the Reports data downloaded for aCloud Billing account namedMy Billing Account, for a date rangeofOctober 1 to December 31, 2022, is named:

My Billing Account_Reports, 2022-10-01 - 2022-12-31.csv

Duplicate report names

If you download a report with the samedate range multiple times, thenthe default report name will be the same. If you configured your reportwith a specific set of parameters, you might want to rename the CSV file tosomething that will help you differentiate between reports run using the samedate range but using different report settings or filters.

Columns in the CSV file download

The columns of data in a CSV file depend on theGroup by setting.Every CSV file includes data for the followingcharges and savingscolumns, with amounts aggregated by the selectedGroup by option:

• Cost orList cost: This is the cost of usage at theon-demand rate(list price) before any savings are applied.Cost orList cost isequivalent to theUsage cost column that appears in thereport table.If your Cloud Billing account is associated with a custom pricingcontract and yourreport settings result in the displayof theNegotiated savings column, you will see aList cost column in yourCSV download. Otherwise, if your report doesn't include aNegotiated savings column, you see aCost column in yourCSV download.
• Negotiated savings: If your Cloud Billingaccount is associated with a custom pricing contract, you'll see theNegotiated savings column.
• Savings programs: Includes credits and discounts foryour committed use discounts.
• Other savings: Includes promotional credits,sustained use discounts (SUDs), and other savings.
• Unrounded subtotal: The calculated cost of the usage to a precision of upto six decimal places, which can be helpful when analyzing your cost detailsand understanding the source of any discrepancies due to rounding.
• Subtotal: The calculated cost of the usage rounded to two decimal places.
• Percent change in subtotal compared to previous period: If your reporttable displays this column, then the percent change values are included inthe CSV download. This column isn't included in the CSV download for reportsusing a multiple-dimensionGroup by option, such asDate > Service orMonth > Project.

Each currency-column label includes a symbol for the currency of theCloud Billing account (for example, $ for USD or £ for GBP).

Group by setting

In addition to the charges and savings columns, theGroup by option and theTime range settings affect which columns of data are downloaded, and theGroup by option affectsthe granularity of the report. The more granular the report, the more rows arereturned.

Group by setting	Rows in report	Additional columns included in CSV download
Date-basedGroup by (for example,Date > Service)	One row for each dimension, broken down by date. For example, if you chooseDate > Project, the CSV has one row for the daily costs of each project. When you select a date-based option, the CSV file doesn't include thePercent change column.	Date
Month-basedGroup by (for example,Month > Service)	One row for each dimension, broken down by month. For example, if you chooseMonth > Project, the CSV has one row for the monthly costs of each project. When you select a month-based option, the CSV doesn't include thePercent change column.	Month
Project	One row with costs summed per eachproject, with an additional row for costs not specific to a project.	Project name, Project ID, Project number
Project Hierarchy	One row with costs summed per eachproject hierarchy, with an additional row for costs not specific to a project, and a row for costs not included in a project hierarchy.	Project name, Project ID, Project number, Project hierarchy
Service	One row with costs summed per each service (such as Compute Engine, Cloud Run, App Engine).	Service description, Service ID
SKU	One row with usage and cost details for each SKU. ThisGroup by setting returns themost granular details in the cost reports.	Service description, Service ID, SKU description, SKU ID, Usage amount, Usage unit
Subaccount	One row with costs summed per each billing account, including the parent account and its subaccounts.	Billing account name, Billing account ID
Location: Region or multiregion	One row with costs summed per each unique region where usage occurred, including a row for charges not specific to a location.	Region
Label keys	When grouping by label, you can select onelabel key at a time. The report returns one row for each unique labelkey:value pair for the selected label key, and a row for charges for other usage.	Label

Additional notes about the CSV

• Thefilters you set customize the rows that are displayed in the table, and the data that isdownloaded to CSV.

• The costs and savings data in the report table is aggregated for thespecifiedtime range.

• The report CSV has header information that includes theCloud Billing account name and the date range set on the report.

• The report CSV includes the footer details that appear below the report table.The footer details might include invoice-level costs such as Tax andAdjustments if you configured your report toshow the invoice details.

View your forecasted costs

You can use the forecast feature to see how your costs are trending andhow much you're projected to spend, up to 12 months in the future.

If you're viewing your Cloud Billing report using a date range thatends in afuture date, your Cloud Billing report chart displaysboth actual costs and forecasted costs:

• The report header above the chart provides a split view of cost: actualcost-to-date calculated from the starting date, and the total forecastedcost for the entire date range.
• Your forecasted cost is indicated in the chart using light grey in thestacked bar or line chart.

Note: The cost forecast is an approximation based on your historical trends anduses advanced machine learning to provide more accurate cost predictions.

How to view your cost forecasts

In reports, forecasts are available for:

• Any combination offilters (except foranInvoice monthTime range).

• AnyUsage dateTime range that ends with afuture date.(Forecasts aren't available for anInvoice monthTime range.)

  • If you're viewing the report for theCurrent month time range, thedefault end date is thelast day of the current month.

  • If you choose to specify acustom time range, selectUsage date,and configure a date range with theTo: date set for afuture date.

    You can see your forecasted spend up to 12 months in the future.

The cost prediction is driven by AI

The cost forecasting model applies advanced machine learning techniques designedto understand complex cost patterns and handle real-world data imperfections toprovide you with more reliable and actionable cost predictions. The cost trendis determined by:

1. Gathering historical data: Based on the report filters you select, theforecasting model collects all of your historical Google Cloud spend.
2. Smart data preparation: Using a comprehensive suite of datapre-processing steps, high-quality data is prepared that intelligentlyhandles outlier costs (such as unexpected cost spikes), moreaccurately fills in gaps in usage data, and detects significant shifts inyour spending patterns to adapt the forecast accordingly (for example, dueto new project launches or major architectural changes).
3. Accounting for seasonality and trends: The machine learning engine isdesigned to recognize and adapt to multiple layers of seasonality andunderlying trends in your cost data, detecting and modeling various recurringpatterns, such as daily, weekly, and monthly cycles in your cloud spend.
4. Comprehensive data regularization: The forecasting model consistentlystructures your cost data over time, enabling reliable time-series analysisby our machine learning models. This generates a forecast that intelligentlycaptures complex trends, multiple seasonalities, and handles data anomalies.

The total forecasted cost combines the following costs:

• The totalactual cost to date for the selected time period.
• The predicted cost for each future day in the selected time period.

Note: TheUsage date Time range that you select for the report doesn't limitwhat data is used to generate the cost trend and forecast. For example, ifyou're viewing a report for the current month, cost data from previous monthsis included in the forecasting model for the calculation of predicted cost.

View your costs by project hierarchy

Viewing your costs by project hierarchy helps you analyzecosts by folder or organization. For example, if you use folders in anorganization to represent cost centers, you can effectively configure yourreport to group all costs by those cost centers.

To analyze your costs by project hierarchy, including costs by Organizationsor costs by Folders, set theGroup by option toProject hierarchy.You can also use theFolders & Organizations filter to select specific folders and organizations to focus the data returned in thereport.

About project and resource hierarchy

Projects form the basis for creating, enabling, and using all Google Cloudservices.Folders are used to group projects under theorganization node in aresource hierarchy.A folder can contain projects, other folders, or a combination of both.Each resource has exactly one parent.

The Google Cloud resource hierarchy is analogous to a file system in mainstreamoperating systems, organizing and managing entities in a hierarchical manner.From a cost management perspective, you might use folders in an organizationto represent cost centers (such asDevops orFinance). You can view yourcosts by project hierarchy to analyze your costs by folder.

Project hierarchy is the ancestry of a project, the resource hierarchymapping of the project (Organization > Folder > Project). Projects can standalone (not be associated with any folders or organizations) or bethe child of an Organization or Folder. Project hierarchy tracks thecurrent and historical project ancestry. For example, changing aproject's name, or moving a project to a different folder or organization,affects thehistorical project ancestry.

To gain a deeper understanding about resource hierarchy and Cloud Billing,refer toCloud Billing concepts, Resource hierarchy.

Configure your report to show project hierarchy

To view your costs by project hierarchy (organization > folder > project),take the following steps:

1. In the Google Cloud console,open theReports page for the Cloud Billing account you want to analyze.
2. In the reportFilters, set aTime range to use astarting dateon or afterJanuary 1, 2022.

3. In theGroup by selector, chooseProject hierarchy.

   The report returns a row for each unique combinationofOrganization > Folder > Project, and the table includes columns forProject,Project ID,Project number, andProject hierarchy.

   The values listed in theProject hierarchy column showOrganization name > Folder name.

Analyze the report when grouped by Project hierarchy

• You cansort the table data on different columns to view the project hierarchy costs in differentways:

  • To visualize all of the projects that have the same project hierarchy,sort the table by theProject hierarchy column.
  • To visualize if you have the same project associated withmore than one ancestry, sort the table by theProject ID column.

• You can narrow the report's project hierarchy results using theFolders & Organizations filter.

• While you're viewing the report grouped byProject hierarchy, if youchange the report'sTime range to include astarting date prior toJanuary 1, 2022, theGroup by selection is automatically updated to group byProject.

• If you select some folders or organizations in thefilter,and then update theTime range to include astarting date priorto January 1, 2022, the folder and organization selections are removed.

Understand and analyze changes in project ancestry

For the time range you're analyzing, it's possible for the same Projectto be listed in more than one row in the report table. This can occur ifsomething related to the project's ancestry has changed. Changes that affecta project's ancestry include the following:

• Changing the project's name
• Moving the project to a different organization or folder
• Changing a parent folder's name
• Moving a parent folder into another folder or organization

To see if you have projects associated with more than one ancestry,sort the table data by theProject ID column.

View project hierarchy examples showing different scenarios where something related to theproject's ancestry was changed, and how that change impacts the results in thereport, depending on how youGroup the results.

View and analyze your savings

You can use theSavings filters to change the view of your costcalculations. You can select all applicable savings options (default) to beincluded in the cost calculations, or you can clear some or all of the discountsand credit options to exclude those savings from the cost calculations.

Usage-specific savings are listed in separate columns in the table, andimpact theSubtotal value. There are two categories of usage-specificsavings:Savings programs andOther savings.

For Cloud Billing accounts associated with a custom pricingcontract, you also see aNegotiated savings column.

Savings programs

Savings programs include the various committed use discounts (CUDs) options,which lower the cost of your Google Cloud usage by offering discountsand credits tied to your resource usage or spending.

• Spend-based CUD discounts:Spend-based committed use discounts (CUDs) providediscounted prices oncertain Google Cloud services when you commit to spending a minimumamount during a specified term. The discounted price is determined by theconsumption modelthat applies to the SKU usage.
• Legacy spend-based CUD credits:For spend-based committed use discounts (CUDs) that aren't part of the newpricing model, this is the credit earned in exchange for your commitment tospend a minimum amount for a service in a particular region.
• Resource-based CUD credits:Resource-based committed use discounts (CUDs) provide credits onCompute Engine virtual machines (VMs) when you commit to usingeligible resources during a specified term.

Note: If you have any savings programs connected to your Google Cloud costs, you see the corresponding checkboxes for the different types of committed use discounts that you're using. YourSavings filter doesn't display all of the possible savings options, only those specific to the savings types incurred in your Google Cloud costs.

View the details of your committed use discounts (CUDs)

CUDs reduce the usage costs of Compute Engine and certain otherGoogle Cloud services. The fees and credits from your purchasedcommitments are applied to yourCloud Billing account usingattribution, which describes how they're spread across the account's projectsthat consumed the eligible discounts. To understand how your commitment feesand credits are applied to your Cloud Billing account and projects, seeAttribution of committed use discount fees and credits.

To comprehensively view the details of your CUDs, you should access yourCloud Billing account report usingbilling-account-level permissions.If you try to analyze your CUDs while your Cloud Billing access islimited to viewing costs for one project at a time, you won't be able toview charges or credits that aren't in the project you're viewing.

Analyze Spend-based CUD discounts

Spend-based CUD discounts provide discounted prices oncertain Google Cloud services when you commit to spending a minimum amount during a specified term.

Spend-based CUD discounts are a new CUD model that became available startingJuly 15, 2025. All customers who have purchasedLegacy spend-based CUD creditsforaffectedproducts will be migrated to the newSpend-based CUD discounts model. A notification intheBilling Overview page shows the date when we will begin the automaticmigration from the legacy spend-based CUD model using credits, to the newspend-based CUD model using discounts.

Spend-based CUD discounts useconsumption models to help track your cloud spending, promotional offers and discounts. To analyzeyourSpend-based CUD discounts in reports, we recommend that you view theCost table report or theCost breakdown report.

Analyze Resource-based CUD credits and Legacy spend-based CUD credits

When analyzing your Google Cloud costs, it's useful to understand howyour purchased commitments are impacting your costs. For example, to understandyour ongoing Compute Engine costs, you need to know your VM core andRAM usage costsas well as the sustained use discounts and committed usediscounts generated by your core and RAM usage.

Resource-based andLegacy spend-based CUDs consist of three componentsusing a balance sheet format on your bill:

1. Commitment fee is the discounted cost of yourcovered usage.
2. On-demand costs are the usage costs for the resources that youconsume, billed at the standard list price.
3. Committed use discount credits are negative costs that offset theeligible on-demand charges covered by the commitment.

The net impact of these three components is that you receive a discounton the usage covered by your commitment. The sum of yourcommitment fee(1) andcommitted use discount credits (3) equals the savings fromyour CUDs. For more information, seeUnderstanding your invoice or statement.

• To configure the report to display the individual components thatcontain your CUDs,group your costs by SKU.The default report view (not grouped by SKU) doesn't break out the CUDcomponents but instead includes the net of the three components.

• To view only your ongoing commitment fees, limit the report results tothe relevant commitment fee SKUs using theSKUs filter.For example, select the SKUs filter and typeCommitment [YOUR COMMITMENT TYPE].

Note: If you have acustom pricing contract, you might have receivedpromotional credits that apply to your costs calculated usinglist prices.If you use these promotionalcredits to pay yourcommitment fees, your report includes a service calledInvoice, with a SKU calledContract billing adjustment. This SKU adjustsyour promotional credits so that they apply to the costs calculated usinglist prices. To see the details of how thesepromotional credits areapplied and to which specific commitment fee SKUs, use theCloud Billing data export to BigQuery to export yourdata and then query your data to see which adjustments applied to specificcommitment fees.Learn aboutcontract billing adjustments in the Cloud Billing data export.

Depending on the SKU for which you purchased commitments, thefees and credits are applied to your Cloud Billing account using eitherproportional attribution orprioritized attribution.To understand how your commitment fees and credits are attributed to yourCloud Billing account and projects, seeAttribution of committed use discounts.

Other savings

Other savings offer additional discounts and credits on your Google Cloudusage. Other savings might be recurring or one-time use and reduce the costof your Google Cloud usage. If applicable to your Cloud Billingaccount, there are various types of other savings you might earn, such as thefollowing:

• Free tier credits:Some services offerfree resource usage up to specified limits.For these services, credits are applied to implement the free tierusage.

• Promotional credits: Promotional credits are things likespend-based milestone credits,Google Cloud Free Trial,and marketing campaign credits, or other grants to use Google Cloud.Promotional credits are typically considered a form of payment. Whenavailable, promotional credits are automatically applied to reduce yourtotal bill.

  • Promotional credits for custom pricing contracts: If you have acustom pricing contract with Google Cloud, and received promotional credits that apply tocosts atlist prices, your report includes a service calledInvoice,with a SKU calledContract billing adjustment. This SKU adjusts yourpromotional credits so that they apply to the costs at list price.View details about contract billing adjustments in the Cloud Billing data export.

    To check if your promotional credits apply at list prices, refer to theterms of your contract.

    Note: To understand your ongoing Google Cloud costs after yourGoogle Cloud free trial expires, clear thePromotional credits checkbox.

• Sustained use discounts:When you run eligible Compute Engine resources throughout thebilling month, you automatically earn sustained use discounts (SUDs) credits.

• Reseller margin: For resellers only, this is theReseller ProgramDiscount credit you receive for selling eligible Google Cloud products.

• Spending-based discounts: Spending-based discounts offer progressivelylarger discounts based on your total spend over a defined period, ordiscounts that are applied after a contractual spending threshold is reached.

• Subscription credits: Long-term subscriptions to services that arepurchased in exchange for discounts. These credits are typically applied toBase + Overage subscriptions, also known as Non-Unified Commitment Service(Non-UCS) subscriptions.

• Others: Other credits or discounts that aren't associated with the currentcategories.

Note: YourSavings filter doesn't display all of the possible discountsand credit options, only those specific to the savings types incurred in yourGoogle Cloud costs. You won't see all of the different types of Savingsoptions in yourSavings filter. Rather, you can see and filter on only thediscounts or credits connected to your Google Cloud costs.

Negotiated savings

Negotiated savings is a credit type that displays for Cloud Billingaccounts that are associated with acustom pricing contract.You receive these savings from custom pricing you've negotiated with Google. TheNegotiated savings amount represents your cost savings computed using thisequation:

Negotiated savings = Costs at Contract price - Costs at List price

• For usage costs incurredbefore May 1, 2021, youron-demand rate is basedon your contract prices, and includes the savings you earned comparedto list prices. When you configure the report using a startingTime range setprior to May 1, 2021, theNegotiated savings column isn't displayed.In these instances, theUsage cost column shows the gross cost of yourcloud usage calculated using yourcontract prices.

• For usage costs incurredafter May 1, 2021, youron-demand rate is basedon the publicly available list prices, and theUsage cost column showsthe gross cost of your cloud usage calculated using list prices. The savingsyou earn with your custom contract prices (compared to list prices) isdisplayed on the report as anegotiated savings credit.

  

Note: The first full month of data withNegotiated savings is May 2021.

Related report

To see an overview of how much your usage-based credits and discounts aresaving you, view theCost Breakdown report.

View a budget in your report

When you open the report from an existing budget, the report's filters areconfigured based on the scope of the budget, and you can view the budget'samount in your report. The budget's target amount appears in the report chartas a red, dashed, horizontal line, helping you to visualize the budget whileyou're analyzing the specific costs that are tracked by the budget.

You have these options to view a budget amount in a report:

• View the cost report for the current month, with report filters matching yourbudget scope.
• View the cost report for the previous 12 months, with report filtersmatching your budget scope.

View a budget in your cost report showing costs for thecurrent month
To view a budget in your cost report for the current month, take the following steps: Go to the Budgets and alerts list page. To navigate to a cost report that's configured using the budget's scope settings, click theSpend and budget amount progress bar for the budget you want to analyze.
The cost report opens with the following settings: TheTime range option is set asUsage date, setting a custom range for the current month. TheTime aggregation setting in the report chart is set toDaily cumulative. TheChart style is set tobar chart. TheGroup by option defaults toService. The rest of thereport filters are configured using the budget's scope settings, such as Projects, Services, Labels, and Credit selections. ABudget amount line appears in the report chart, representing the target spend amount of the budget.

View a budget in your cost report showing costs for theprevious 12 months
To view a budget in your cost report for the previous 12 months, take the following steps: Go to the Budgets and alerts list page. Access thebudget scope by opening an existing budget. In the budget's cost trend chart, click the arrow_forwardView report link to navigate to a cost report that's configured using the budget's scope settings.
The cost report opens with the following settings: TheTime range option is set asUsage date, selectingCustom range. The date range is set for the previous 12 months. TheTime aggregation setting in the report chart is set toMonthly. TheChart style is set tobar chart. TheGroup by option defaults toService. The rest of thereport filters are configured using the budget's scope settings, such as Projects, Services, Labels, and Credit selections. If you're navigating to the report from an existing budget, aBudget amount line appears in the report chart, representing the previously saved target spend amount of the budget. If you navigate to the report while you're creating a budget, the budget amount line doesn't display in the cost report.

Analyze the report when the budget amount line is visible

The budget amount line is removed from the report if you adjust most ofthe report settings. However, you can adjust the following settings in thereport and the budget amount line will remain visible.

• Group by setting: You can switch theGroup by setting to use any of the available options.
• Chart style setting: You can switch theChart style setting between bar chart and line chart.
• Credits setting: You can select or clear theCredits filters to change the view of your cost calculations to include or exclude credits,helping you see how credits impact the cost calculations comparedto your budget target amount.

If you change any other report settings, the budget amount line is removed.These settings include the report'stime range settings, the report charttime aggregation settings, and thereport filters,including Subaccounts, Projects, Services, SKUs, Locations, and Labels.

To restore the budget amount line,re-open the report from a budget.

Understand the differences between budget scopes and report filters

Budget scopes andreport filters behave slightly differently. In each of the scopes in a budget, you can selectfrom a list of all possible items available in a given scope. In each of thereport filters, you can select from a list of items that incurred usagecosts in the Cloud Billing account you're viewing. This means thatthe items selectable in your budget scopes might not match up exactly to theitems selectable in your cost report filters.

Review the following examples for more information:

Projects: budget scope versus cost report filter

For the Cloud Billing account, assume the following regarding projects:

• 20 currently active projects incurring costs.
• 10 inactive projects that previously incurred costs.
• This Cloud Billing account is also incurring charges that aren'tspecific to a project, such as the cost of a support plan.
• You have billing-account-level permissions to access theCloud Billing account.

Budget	Cost Report
On your budget, in yourProjects scope, you can select from the 20 currently active projects. You can't select inactive projects or select [Charges not specific to a project].	On the cost report, yourProjects filter list includesall projects for which you have incurred usage costs, both active projects and inactive projects. Your Projects filter also includes the option to select and view [Charges not specific to a project].
On your budget, you set theProject scope to "All projects (20)" — where "20" indicates 20 active projects.	When you open the cost report from the budget, the value in the report'sProjects filter displays "All projects (31)" — where "31" indicates that you have 31 projects that have incurred costs in the Cloud Billing account you're viewing, including active and inactive projects, and [Charges not specific to a project].
When you open the cost report from the budget'scost trend chart, if your budget scope is set for all projects, and your Cloud Billing account is incurringcharges not specific to a project, you might notice that your costs appear higher in the cost report than in the budget's cost trend chart.

Services: budget scope versus cost report filter

For the Cloud Billing account, assume the following regarding services:

• There are 200 possible services or products that you could use.
• The Cloud Billing account has incurred costs for 16 out of the 200possible services.

Budget	Cost Report
On your budget, in yourServices scope, you can see and select fromall 200 possible services, even if you haven't incurred any usage or costs for those services.	On the cost report, yourServices filter list includes only those services or products for which you have incurred usage costs.
On your budget, you set theServices scope to "All services (200)" — where "200" indicates all possible services.	When you open the cost report from the budget, the value in the report'sServices filter displays "All services (16)" — where "16" indicates that you only have 16 services that have incurred costs in your Cloud Billing account.

View the charges on your invoices

Note: Invoices include charges forall of the projects linked to a billingaccount, as well asaccount-level charges not specific to a project, andinvoice-level charges that are added at the time an invoice is generated (suchas tax). To view all of the costs on your invoice, you must access yourCloud Billing account usingbilling-account-level permissions.

You can change the report view to display charges by invoice month, includinginvoice-level charges (for example, taxes, contractual credits, adjustments,or surcharges). If you receive more than one invoice for a month, the reportview aggregates all invoice costs for theinvoice month. In Billing Reports,youcan't view the report byindividual invoice.

If you want to view detailed costs byindividual invoice, see theCost table report.Using the Cost table report, you can view invoice costs by invoice number anddownload the report to CSV for offline analysis.

To view the cost report for the invoice month, in theTime range section of theFilters panel, selectInvoice month, then set yourFrom andTo month range.

• TheInvoice level charges section (below the Savings section in theFilters panel) showsTax andAdjustments by default.

  Note: Adjustments appear on your invoice whenGoogle needs to modify your account balance. Adjustments are rare, and aretypically in the form of credits, which reduce your account balance.

• The report summary, above the chart, displays taxes whenInvoice monthis selected.

Note: TheInvoice month filter shows historical billing data for theselected months. You can only select months that are complete. For example,if you're viewing the report on July 15, the most recent invoice month you canselect is June. Data filtered byInvoice month is available back toMay 2019.

• The summary footer, below the table, displays the cost breakdown based onyour filter selections. Invoice-level charges (tax and adjustments) arenotdisplayed when theTime range setting is byUsage date, or when youset other report filters, such asProjects,Services, orSKUs.

View invoice charges for the most recent invoice month

To view all invoice charges for the most recent invoice month,in theFilters panel, expand thePresets dropdown and selectLastinvoice month. This preset option automatically sets the report filtersas follows:

• In theTime range section in the filters panel,Invoice month isselected, and theFrom andTo month range is set for the mostrecent complete invoice month (for example, February 2023).
• TheGroup by filter is set to group costs byService.
• All other report filters are set to use their default configurations (forexample,ALL projects, services, SKUs, and savings options).

Using theLast invoice month preset, you can quickly view a report withtotals that map to your most recent invoice or statement, showing costs for allservices and SKUs, grouped by Service, and including discounts, credits andinvoice-level charges (such as taxes, contractual credits, adjustments, orsurcharges).

Billing Reports aggregates all invoice costs for theinvoicemonth, and not by individual invoice. If you receive more than one invoicein a month, yourinvoice month totals might not map to the totalsof anindividual invoice issued in the same month. If you want to viewdetailed costs per individual invoice, see thecost table report.

View invoice charges for a specific invoice month

To view all invoice charges fora specific invoice month, do thefollowing:

1. In theTime range section in the filters panel, selectInvoice month,then set yourFrom andTo month range for the same month(for example, January 2023).
2. Select your preferredGroup by setting (for example, Project, Service,or SKU).

3. Ensureno other filters are set. That is, you should view the reportforALL filter options (such as projects, services, SKUs, and savingsoptions).

   In the summary footer, the cost breakdown displays:

   • Subtotal: The sum of theGroup by costs, after Savings discountsand credits.
   • Adjustments: The sum of credit or debit memos and other adjustmentsapplied to your Cloud Billing account due to billing correctionsor contractual requirements, as reported from the invoices issuedfor the invoice month. Adjustments might be issued in a different monththan the invoice month to which they are applied. For more details onadjustments, seeUnderstand memos and adjustments.You won't see this line item if you have no adjustments applied to yourinvoices.
   • Tax: Sum of all taxes reported from all of the invoices for theinvoice month.

   • Invoice total: Includes all savings, adjustments, taxes, androunding errors, aggregated for all invoices issued for the invoicemonth.

     Note: Rounding errors are included in theInvoice total but aren'tlisted as a separate line item. To view the exact rounding errorsum, hold the pointer over the tooltip(help) next toInvoice total.

Invoice total versus Filtered total

In the summary footer of the report, the display of invoice-level costs and thetype of report total depends on how your report filters are configured.

• Invoice total: Invoice total includes all costs and savings for theinvoice month, as well as invoice-level charges such as taxes, adjustments,and rounding errors, aggregated for all invoices issued during the invoicemonth. To view the invoice total, set theTime range toInvoice month, and ensure all of the other filters are set to showalloptions (such as all Projects, Services, SKUs, and Savings).

  

• Filtered total: When yourtime range is set toinvoice month, thefiltered total summarizes your charges based on the filter selections youhave chosen (such as filtering on a subset of Projects, Services, or SKUs),excluding tax, adjustments, and rounding errors. When you see aFiltered total in the report, invoice-level charges aren't displayed inthe summary footer and aren't included in the calculation of the filteredtotal. A filtered total doesn't match the total on your monthly invoice orstatement.

  

Related reports

• Cost Table report:A detailed, tabular view of your monthly costs for a given invoice orstatement, which can be filtered and downloaded.
• Cost Breakdown report:An at-a-glance waterfall view of your usage costs calculated using theon-demand price for your Google Cloud usage, how discounts and creditssaved you money, and any invoice-level charges applied (if you'reviewing the cost breakdown for an invoice month time range).

Data availability

The data availability information in this section applies to customers who areaccessing a Cloud Billing account usingbilling-account-level permissions. If your accessto a billing account is limited to project-level permissions, you might notbe able to view all available cost data or report configuration options for aCloud Billing account.

• In Cloud Billing reports, usage cost data is available back toJanuary 2017 at the SKU level.
• Cost data viewed byinvoice month is available back to May 2019 atthe SKU level.
• Data at the sub-SKU level (for example, by resource ID) isn't available.

As of January 2017, the following data is included in Cloud Billingreports:

• SKU usage: This is reported in the pricing units shown on thepricing table report,for example,gibibyte month.

• SKU cost: The SKU cost is based on the list price or custom contractprice for that usage, whichever price is applicable to yourCloud Billing account. The cost is reported in the currency thatyour Cloud Billing account is charged in.

• Usage-specific savings: This includes anycredits or discounts that were applied directly to the SKU usage, such as sustained usediscounts,committed use discounts, or free trial and other promotionalcredits that were applied.

• Location data: This includes costs incurred byregion or multi-region.

As of May 2019, the following data is available in theCloud Billing reports:

• Taxes: Taxes that were applied to your invoices are reported byInvoicemonth selected.

• Account-level billing modifications: Sum of credits or surchargesapplied at the account level due to Cloud Billing correctionsor contractual requirements. Reported asAdjustments whenviewing reports byInvoice month. The month that an adjustment isissued might differ from the month when the adjustment is applied. Forguidance on how to analyze adjustments, seeUnderstand memos and adjustments.

• Invoice details: You can graph or group usage byInvoicemonth. We don't display the invoice number in this report view.

When viewing costs byInvoice month, the following data is available in theCloud Billing reports:

Invoices generally include all costs incurred during a given calendarmonth, but the cost for some services' usage at the very end of a calendarmonth might roll over to the next month's invoice. As a result, your invoicemight include costs for more than one calendar month. Usage is reported byactual usage date when viewing yourinvoice details andonline reports.

Other data specific to an invoice includes the totals of any taxes andadjustments.

• For a detailed breakdown of the taxes on an invoice,view the cost table report,orview the details of your invoice.
• For guidance on understanding and analyzing any adjustments, seeUnderstand memos and adjustments.

As of May 2021, the following data is available in theCloud Billing reports:

• Negotiated savings: Viewable for Cloud Billing accounts that areassociated with a custom pricing contract,Negotiated savings showsthe difference in cost between your contract price compared to thecurrent list price. TheNegotiated savings column is displayed whenviewing your report for aTime range that startsafter May 1, 2021.

  Prior to May 1, 2021, your costs are calculated using your customcontract price, resulting in a singleUsage cost column that includesyour negotiated savings in the cost calculations.

As of January 1, 2022, the following data is available in theCloud Billing reports:

• Project hierarchy:Project hierarchy is the project's ancestry, the resource hierarchy mapping of a project(Organization > Folder > Project). When viewing your report with astarting time range of January 1, 2022, you can group your data byproject hierarchy.
• Folders & Organizations:Folders and organizations are components of a project hierarchy. When viewing your report with astarting time range of January 1, 2022, you can filter your data byfolders and organizations.

FAQs

How do I get access to the granular data behind Cloud Billingreports?

You can configure your Cloud Billing account toexport data to BigQuery and then use BigQuery or your own tools to analyze the exported costline items. For example, you canvisualize your costs with Looker Studio,or from your BigQuery tables, you can choose toexport your BigQuery data as CSV (or other formats) to aCloud Storage bucket.The Cloud Billing data exported to BigQueryis the same data that your Cloud Billing reports use.

Note: The Cloud Billing data you exportis only available starting when you enable export. To ensure you have acomplete set of Cloud Billing data for your custom analysis needs, werecommend youenable billing data export to BigQuery when you first set up a Cloud Billing account.

Can I save or share my Cloud Billing report view?

Multiple options are available.

• Save a report view: You can save customized report views using theSaved reports feature. Saved reports are available in theAll reports page toanyone who has Cloud Billing account-level access to view billingreports.
• Share a report: You canlinkShare a report by copying and sharing the URL of your customizedCloud Billing report.

• Bookmark a report: You can save a customized Cloud Billingreport view to be accessible in your browser bybookmarking the report URL. The URL includes the report settings you selected.

  Note: As you configure your report by setting filters and groupings, your pageURL updates to include your selections. It's possible that the URL lengthlimit might be reached if you select many settings (for example, selecting 374services out of 375). In these instances, thelinkShare buttonis disabled and you see a notification on the reports page:The URLmay no longer reflect your selected filters, due to length limitations.

• Print a report: You canprintPrint theCloud Billing report.

• Download report CSV: You can download the report data to a CSV file usingtheget_appDownload CSV selector at the top right of the summary table.

• Create a custom report: You can recreate the report using queries of yourexported Cloud Billing data.

How do I filter or group costs by zone, region, or multi-region?

You cangroup your costs by region or multi-region, and you canfilter on locations (regions and multi-regions). The Cloud Billing reports don'tsupport filtering or grouping byzone.

Why are my usage date costs different than my invoice month costs?

Google Cloud products report usage and cost data to Cloud Billingprocesses at varying intervals. As a result, you might see a delay between youruse of Google Cloud services, and the usage and costs being available toview in Cloud Billing. Typically, your costs are available within aday, but can sometimes take more than 24 hours.

At the end of a calendar month,late-reported usage might not be included on that month's invoice and insteadmight roll over to the next month's invoice.

When you view your online reports, usage is shown by the actual usage date,which might be different from the invoice month.

Related topics

• Export Cloud Billing data to BigQuery
• Understand your savings with cost breakdown reports
• View your cost and payment history
• Create, modify, or close your Cloud Billing account