| Thorium |
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90Th |
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| Panagway |
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silvery, often with black tarnish
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| Kinatibuk-ang mga kinaiya |
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| Ngalan,simbolo,kaiphan | thorium, Th, 90 |
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| Paglitok | /ˈθɔəriəm/
[[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|Plantilya:Smallcaps all-ee-əm]] |
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| Kategoriyang elemento | aktinido |
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| Group,period,block | [[group {{{group}}} element|{{{group}}}]], 7,f |
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| Gibug-aton sa atomo | 232.03806 |
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| Kontorno sa elektron | [Rn] 6d2 7s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 Electron shells of thorium (2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2) |
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| History |
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| Pagkadiskobre | Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1829) |
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| Physical properties |
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| Phase | magahi |
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| Density (nearr.t.) | 11.7 g·cm−3 |
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| Melting point | 2115 K, 1842 °C, 3348 °F |
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| Boiling point | 5061 K, 4788 °C, 8650 °F |
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| Heat of fusion | 13.81kJ·mol−1 |
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| Heat of vaporization | 514 kJ·mol−1 |
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| Molar heat capacity | 26.230 J·mol−1·K−1 |
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| Vapor pressure |
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| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k | | at T (K) | 2633 | 2907 | 3248 | 3683 | 4259 | 5055 |
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| Atomic properties |
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| Oxidation states | 4, 3, 2, 1
(weaklybasic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | 1.3 (Pauling scale) |
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| Ionization energies | 1st: 587 kJ·mol−1 |
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| 2nd: 1110 kJ·mol−1 |
| 3rd: 1930 kJ·mol−1 |
| Atomic radius | 179pm |
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| Covalent radius | 206±6 pm |
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| Miscellanea |
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| Crystal structure | face-centered cubic |
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| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic[1] |
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| Electrical resistivity | (0 °C) 147 nΩ·m |
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| Thermal conductivity | 54.0 W·m−1·K−1 |
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| Thermal expansion | (25 °C) 11.0 µm·m−1·K−1 |
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| Speed of sound (thin rod) | (20 °C) 2490 m·s−1 |
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| Young's modulus | 79 GPa |
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| Shear modulus | 31 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 54 GPa |
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| Poisson ratio | 0.27 |
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| Mohs hardness | 3.0 |
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| Vickers hardness | 350 MPa |
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| Brinell hardness | 400 MPa |
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| CAS registry number | 7440-29-1 |
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| Most stable isotopes |
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| Main article:Isotopes of thorium |
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| ·r |
