(5) 1.CAETANI, Luigi (1595-1642)
Birth. July 1595, Piedimonte , diocese of Caserta. Son of Filippo I Caetani, duke of Sermoneta, and Camilla Gaetani dell'Aquila d'Aragona, of the dukes of Traetto. Descendant of the family of PopeBoniface VIII. Great-grand-nephew of CardinalNiccolò Caetani (1536). Grand-nephew of CardinalEnrico Caetani (1585). Nephew of CardinalsBonifazio Caetani (1606); andAntonio Caetani (1621). Another member of the family was CardinalAntonio Caetani (1402).
Education. Studied first in Ravenna, where his uncle Bonifazio was legate, and then in Rome, where he obtained a doctorate in law.
Early life. Abbotcommendatario of San Leonardo, Puglia, September 19, 1608.
Episcopate. Elected titular patriarch of Antioch, with dispensation for not having yet received the sacred orders and not having yet reached the canonical age, March 14, 1622. Consecrated, Sunday June 12, 1622, in the patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, archbishop of Bologna, assisted by Galeazzo Sanvitale, archbishop emeritus of Bari, and by Vulpiano Volpi, archbishop emeritus of Chieti. In the same ceremony was consecrated Pietro Volpi, titular bishop of Salona, coadjutor of Novara. Coadjutor of Cardinal Antonio Caetani, archbishop of Capua, November 14, 1622. Preceptor of S. Leonardo de la Mattina, diocese of Manfredonia. Succeeded to the metropolitan see of Capua, March 17, 1624.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 19, 1626; received the red hat and the title of S.Pudenziana, February 9, 1626. Resigned the government of the archdiocese before March 1, 1627. President of the Congregation for the Reform of the Breviary since 1631. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 12, 1637 until January 15, 1638.Prefect of the S.C. of the Index from 1641 until his death.
Death. April 15, 1642, in his Roman palace. Buried in his family's chapel in the church of S. Pudenziana.
(6) 2.MARQUEMONT, Denis-Simon de (1572-1626)
Birth. September 30, 1572, Paris, France. Son of Denis Simon,sieur de Marquemont, collectordes tailles of Paris, secretary of Queen Maria de' Medici by 1583, and Marie Rouillart. He was baptized on January 10, 1572 at Saint-Eustache, Paris. His first name is also listed as Dionisio Simeone; and as Dinysius de Marquemont. His last name is Simon but he is listed in all sources as Marquemont.
Education. Studied at the University of Paris; and at the University of Angers, where he earned a doctorate inutroque iure, both canon and civil law, in September 1592.
Early life. Received the clerical tonsure, 1580. Taught for a short time in Paris after 1594. Went to Rome as secretary of Jacques Davy du Perron, bishop of Evreux, French ambassador before the Holy See. By order of the king of France stayed in Rome as counselor to the young duke of Luxembourg, new French ambassador.
Priesthood. Ordained, December 1603, Paris. Papal chamberlain. French auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, 1604. Acting ambassador of France before the Holy See; he was so successful that the king ordered the permanent ambassador not to conclude any business without consulting with him. Accompanied de Silléry to Florence to negotiate the marriage of King Henri IV of France with Maria de' Medici; the negotiation was concluded successfully. Abbotcommendatario of the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Germain-Buzzeles.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Lyon, November 5, 1612. Consecrated, Sunday November 11, 1612, in the church of S. Luigi de' Francesi, Rome, by Cardinal François de la Rochefoucauld, bishop of Senlis, assisted by Volpiano Volpi, archbishop of Chieti, and by Alessandro Borghi, former bishop of Borgo San Sepolcro. Administrator,sede vacante, for several years of the diocese of Autun. Participated in the Assembly of the Clergy of 1614 and was its president. French ambassador before the Holy See in two occasions, 1617 and 1622. Friend of Francis de Sales, bishop of Genève, future saint.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 19, 1626; received the red hat and the title of SS.Trinità al Monte Pincio, February 9, 1626. When promoted, he was already affected byun mal cruel which he suffered with great patience and virtue.
Death. September 16, 1626, Rome. Buried in his title.
(7) 3.HARRACH, Ernest Adalbert von (1598-1667)
Birth. October 25, 1598 , Vienna, Austria. Second child of Count Karl von Harrach and Maria Elisabeth von Schrattenbach. His name in Czech is Arnošt Vojtěch hrabě z Harrachu.
Education. Educated by Nikolaus Walther; received the minor orders in Vienna on June 8, 1615; admitted toCollegio Teutonico, Rome, November 8, 1616; wrote hisSymbulecticon seu consultatio virtutum and dedicated it to Cardinal Scipione Borghese; he left theCollegio in 1621 and entered the papal court.
Early life. As a second son, he was destined by his family to the ecclesiastical career. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Olomouc. As it was customary, took a trip of instruction abroad, together with his educator; arrived in Rome in late 1616. Member of the Marian sodality of S. Apollinare. Privy chamberlain of Pope Gregory XV, 1621.
Priesthood. Ordained, 1621. Provost ofSoliensis, archdiocese of Salzburg. Canon and prebendary of Passau.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Prague, with dispensation for not having yet reached the canonical age, January 9, 1623. Consecrated, Sunday January 22, 1623, Sistine chapel, Rome, by Cardinal Marcantonio Gozzadini, assisted by Alessandro Bosco, bishop of Gerace, and by Carlo Bovi, bishop of Bagnorea. In the same ceremony were consecrated Ottaviano Garzadori, bishop of Boiano; Ovidio Lupari, bishop of Teabo; and Celemente Confetti, titular bishop of Tiberiade. Grand master ofOrdo Militaris Crucigerorum cum stella rubea from 1623 until his death.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 19, 1626. Given the title of primate of the kingdom of Bohemia, 1626. Pope Urban VIII gave him and his successors the title primate of Bohemia, May 10, 1627. Crowned Empress Eleonore de Gonzaga,seniore, wife of Emperor Ferdinand II, 1627. Received the red hat and the title of S. Maria degli Angeli, June 7, 1632. Crowned Empress Marie-Anne, first wife of Emperor Ferdinand III, 1637. Privy counselor to Emperor Ferdinand III, 1637. Grand master of the order of the Cross and the Red Star in Bohemia, Silesia, and Poland. Chancellor of the University of Prague. Co-protector of the hereditary states of the emperor. Opted for the title of S. Prassede, July 13, 1644. Participated in theconclave of 1644, which elected Pope Innocent X. Arrested in his palace by Colonel Kannenberg when the Swedish took over a section of Prague; he lost in that occasion part of his wealth and owed his freedom to Cardinal Jules Mazarin, who interceded for him before Queen Christina, with fifteen thousandécus and a letter written by him promising not to take revenge. Crowned Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans, 1646. On October 29, 1648, he blessed the marriage of King Felipe IV of Spain with Amrie-Anne, daughter of Ferdinand III, and accompanied the new queen, in the name of the emperor, to the frontier with Italy. Crowned Empress Eleonore de Gonzaga,iuniore, third wife of Emperor Ferdinand III, 1651. On March 4, 1654, participated in the solemn act in which the two academies of Prague, theClementine, of the Jesuits, and theCaroline, founded by Emperor Charles IV, were united into one sole institution with the name of University of Karel-Ferdinand, of which Jesuit Father Molitor was the first rector. Participated in theconclave of 1655, which elected Pope Alexander VII. Crowned Leopold and Eleonore de Gonzaga,iuniore, third wife of Ferdinand II, as king and queen of Bohemia, 1655. Crowned Leopold I, King of the Romans, 1656. By apostolic brief, the cathedral chapter of Trent was given permission to nominate him and retain both sees, September 11, 1663. Preconized bishop of Trent, retaining the administration of Prague, November 11, 1666. Participated in theconclave of 1667, which elected Pope Clement IX. Opted for the title of S. Lorenzo in Lucina, July 18, 1667. Cardinalprotoprete.
Death. October 25, 1667, Vienna, on his return from the conclave. The news of his death reached Rome on November 7, 1667. Buried in the family crypt in Augustinerhofkirche, Vienna.
(8) 4.SPADA, Bernardino (1594-1661)
Birth. April 21, 1594, Brisighella, diocese of Faenza. Son of Marchis Paolo Spada and Daria Albicini, from Forlì. This family was not related to the Spada family of Rome or Terni, of ancient nobility. Brother of Father Virgilio Spada, Orat. (1596-1662). Uncle of CardinalGiambattista Spada (1654) and grand-uncle of CardinalFabrizio Spada (1675) and Sigismondo Spada, papal prelate (1622-1675).
Education. In Rome obtained doctorates in literature and in law.
Priesthood. Ordained (no date found). In the pontificate of Pope Paul V (1605-1621) he was named apostolic secretary. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, September 19, 1617 until 1621. Vicar of the patriarchal Vatican basilica.Abbreviatore di parco maggiore, September 16, 1617. Relator of the S.C. of Good Government. Relator of the S.C. of the SacredConsulta. Named by Cardinal Scipione Borghese, archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian basilica, judge of the causes concerning that basilica. Presidentdella Grascia in the pontificate of Pope Gregory XV (1621-1623). Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber and prefect of theAnnona, December 15, 1622. Prior of S. Daniele, Padua. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Padua. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Brescia.
Episcopate. Elected titular archbishop of Damietta, with dispensation for not having yet reached the canonical age of 30 years and not having received the presbyterate six months before, December 4, 1623. Consecrated, Friday December 8, 1623, church of S. Luigi de' Francesi, Rome, by Cardinal Guido Bentivoglio, assisted by Guillaume du Nozet, titular archbishop of Seleucia, and by François de Pericard, bishop of Evreux. Nuncio in France, December 1623 until 1627.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 19, 1626; received the red hat and the title of S.Stefano al Monte Celio, August 9, 1627. Prefect of the S.C. of the Borders of the Ecclesiastical States (dei Confini) from 1629until his death. Legate in Bologna, August 9, 1627 until 1631. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals,January 15, 1638 to January 10, 1639. Prefect of the S.C. of the Index from 1642 until September 10, 1661.Opted for the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli, May 22, 1642. In 1642, together with his brother, Fr. Virgilio, carried out a peace mission before the Farneses of Parma in the occasion of the War of Castro, avoiding an attack against Rome. Participated in theconclave of 1644, which elected Pope Innocent X. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano, February 19, 1646. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Frascati, April 29, 1652. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Sabina, September 23, 1652. Participated in theconclave of 1655, which elected Pope Alexander VII. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, October 11, 1655. He was a humanist andmecenas and protector of the arts and artists.
Death. November 10, 1661, before dawn, Rome. Buried in the tomb of his family in the church of S. Girolamo della Carità, Rome.
(9) 5.ZACCHIA, Laudivio (1565-1637)
Birth. 1565, Castle of Vezzano, diocese de Luni. Of a Genoese family. Son of Gaspare Zacchia and Veronica de' Nobili, of thesignori of Vezzano. His first name is also listed as Luigi. Brother of CardinalPaolo Emilio Zacchia (1599) and grandfather of CardinalPaolo Emilio Rondinini (1643). Also, uncle of Gasparo Cecchinelli, bishop of Montefiascone e Corneto.
Education. Studied at the University of Pisa, where he earned a doctorate in law.
Early life. Married Laura Biassa de' Nobili and had a son and a daughter . After his wife died, he left Vezzano and went to Rome to his brother the cardinal. Worked in the Roman Curia and later, entered the ecclesiastical state. Pro-treasurer of the Apostolic Chamber and later its commissary general. Consistorial lawyer, 1600. Protonotary apostolic, January 21, 1603.
Sacred orders. He received the four minor orders from Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini, achbishop of Ravenna, on July 23,1605; the subdiaconate on July 24; and the diaconate on July 25, both from the same prelate.
Priesthood. Ordained, July 26, 1605 by Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Montefiascone e Corneto, August 17, 1605. Consecrated, August 28, 1605, church of S.Maria in Vallicella, Rome, by Cardinal Pietro Aldobrandini, achbishop of Ravenna, assisted by Paolo Alberi, former archbishop of Ragusa,and by Metellus Bichi, bishop of Sovana. Succeeded his brother the cardinal as bishop of that see. Vice-legate in Viterbo, 1614.Vice-legate of the province of the Patrimony, December 4, 1617. Nuncio in Venice, May 12, 1621 to December 16, 1623. Pro-treasurer andpro-collector general of the Apostolic Chamber, February 3, 1624. Prefect of the Apostolic Palace , December 27,1624.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 19, 1626; received the red hat and the title of S.Sisto, February 9, 1626. Named prefect of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars before July 2, 1627; resigned before June 14, 1628.Opted for the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli, September 17, 1629. Resigned the government of the diocese of Montefiascone e Corneto beforeMay 13, 1630 in favor of his nephew Gasparo Cecchinelli. Protector of the Republic of Genoa (in practice its representative before theHoly See), 1631-1637. Member of the cardinalitial commission in the second trial of Galileo Galilei, September 23, 1632 to January 12,1634. On June 22, 1633, when the sentence was given, he was one of the three cardinals, out of the ten that formed the commission, whodid not subscribe the condemnation of Galileo. The other two were Gaspare Borgia and Francesco Barberini,seniore.
Death. August 30 (al. 31), 1637, before dawn, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva, Rome, and buried in the chapel of S. Domenico in that same church. Hisprecordi were deposited in the church of S. Nicola da Tolentino, Rome. .
(10) 6.GESSI, Berlinghiero (1563-1639)
Birth. October 28 , 1563, Bologna. Son of Giulio Cesare Gessi, doctor in philosophy and medicine, and Valeria Segni, sister of Giulio Cesare Segni, bishop of Rieti. Of a patrician family. Nephew of Pierfrancesco Gessi, auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, and relative of PopeGregory XIII. His last name is also listed as Gipsius and Gypsius. His first name is also listed as Berlingiero.
Education. Studied at the University of Bologna, where he obtained a doctorate inutroque iure, both canon and civil law, on May 4, 1583.
Early life. Called to Rome by his uncle the auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota. Practiced law in Rome. Public professor of law at the University of Bologna, 1589. Entered the ecclesiastical state. Vicar general of his uncle the bishop of Rieti. Vicar general of Benevento. Vicar general of Bologna, 1591. Provost of the cathedral chapter of Bologna, 1592. Returned to Rome and was named referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, 1594. Secretary of the S.C. of Bishops and Religious and later civil lieutenant of the dean of the Cardinal Girolamo Rusticucci, vicar general of Rome, November 1599. Vicegerent of Rome, October 11, 1600 until May 12, 1607.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Rimini, November 13, 1606. Consecrated, Sunday November 19, 1606, Sistine chapel, Rome, by Antonio Sauli, assisted by Claudio Rangoni, bishop of Piacenza, and by Alessandro Guidiccioni, bishop pf Lucca. Nuncio in Venice, June 4, 1607 until November 14, 1618. Governor of Rome, December 12, 1618; confirmed, February 12, 1621 until April 1623. Resigned the government of the diocese because of poor health (he suffered from podagra), before November 20, 1619; retained its denomination. Prefect of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature,donec alter provideatur, August 28, 1623. Prefect of the Apostolic Palace, 1622; confirmed, August 14, 1624 to 1625. Administrator and apostolic governor of the state of Urbino, December 27, 1624 to May 1627.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 19, 1626; received the red hat and the title of S.Agostino, July 19, 1627. Prefect of the S.C. of Ecclesiastical Immunity from October 1629 until his death. Prefect of the Tribunal ofthe Apostolic Signature of Justice, November 2, 1633. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 10, 1639 until his death.
Death. April 6, 1639, Rome. Exposed in the church of S. Andrea della Valle, Rome, where the funeral took place, and buried in the chapel ofSS. Trinità in the church of S. Maria sopra Minerva, Rome.
(11) 7.CORNARO,iuniore, Federico (1579-1653)
Birth. November 16, 1579, Venice. He belonged to the branch of S. Paolo line. Eldest of the eleven children of Doge Giovanni Cornaro, procurator of S. Marco, and Chiara Delfino. The other siblings were Francesco (doge of Venice); Marcantonio (bishop of Padua); Luigi; Giorgio (a bandit killed in Ferrara); Cornelia; and five nuns. His first name is also listed as Federico Baldissera Bartolomeo; and his last name as Corner. Nephew of CardinalFrancesco Cornaro,iuniore (1596). Grand-nephew of CardinalsLuigi Cornaro (1551) andFederico Cornaro,seniore, O.S.Io.Hieros. (1585). Grand-uncle of CardinalGiorgio Cornaro (1697). Other cardinals of the family wereMarco Cornaro (1500);Francesco Cornaro,seniore (1527);Andrea Cornaro (1544). CardinalGiovanni Cornaro (1778) belonged to the San Maurizio branch of the family.
Education. Initial studies in Rome under the care of his uncle the cardinal; after his death in 1598, he returned to Venice; then studied at the University of Padua, where he obtained a doctorate in canon law in 1602.
Early life. Returned to Rome in 1602 and became cleric of the Apostolic Chamber in that same year, during the pontificate of Pope Clement VIII . Grand prior of Cyprus. Governor of Civitavecchia, September 24 to December 1607.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Bergamo, retaining the clericate of the Apostolic Chamber, February 23, 1623. Consecrated, April 9, 1623,Capella sacrarii apostolici, patriarchal Vatican basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Marcantonio Gozzadini, assisted by Agostino Morosini, titular archbishop of Damas, and by Giovanni Benini, titular archbishop of Adrianopli. He entered the diocese on December 21, 1623. In the spring of 1624, he started thesacra visita of the diocese, which he completed in two years.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 19, 1626; received the red hat and the title of S.Maria in Traspontina, June 22, 1626. He returned to Bergamo from Rome on March 22, 1626. His promotion to the cardinalate produced apolitical turmoil in Venice because the republic prohibited the sons of a doge to accept papal appointments. Eventually, the senateapproved the promotion but never his appointments to the sees of Vicenza and of Padua. Transferred to the see of Vicenza, September 7,1626, without previous approval of the Venetian senate, which caused new difficulties. Opted for the title of S. Cecilia, November 15,1627. Opted for the title of S. Marco, April 26, 1629. Transferred to the see of Padua, April 30, 1629; the nomination again produceddiscussion concerning its unconstitutionality; the doge, father of the cardinal, offered to resign his post; the Senate gave way inorder to avoid the problems of an eventual succession. Elected by the Senate to the patriarchal see of Venice by 86 against 54 votes.Promoted to the patriarchate of Venice by the pope, June 11, 1631; he entered the see in 1632. He built the seminary, which had beendemolished to construct the basilica of S. Maria della Salute; reorganized the patriarchal archive; built an oratory under theinvocation of S. Ivo, patron of the poor; restored an academy for the formation of young nobles, founded by his predecessor, whichbecause of the plague, had been abandoned; promoted the formation and the discipline of the clergy; the decorum of the sacred liturgyand the venerable celebrations. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, replacing the late Cardinal Berlingherio Gessi, April 11,1639; appointedproprio nomine, January 9, 1640 until January 7, 1641. Resigned the government of the patriarchate before June 13,1644, because of age and illness (podagra). Went to reside in Rome. Participated in theconclaveof 1644, which elected Pope Innocent X. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, November 19, 1646. In 1647, heerected the chapel of S. Teresa in the church of S. Maria della Vittoria, Rome, where he built his tomb. Opted for the order of cardinalbishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano, April 29, 1652. Prefect of the S.C. of Rites and Ceremonies from April 29, 1652 until March 31, 1653.
Death. June 5, 1653, Rome. Buried in the chapel of S. Teresa, known as the Cornaro Chapel, in the church of S. Maria della Vittoria, Rome, where there is a mausoleum adorned with the busts of the six cardinals of the family. In his will, he left 30,000scudi to the S.C. of Propaganda Fide . In the left side of the church ofCollegio de Propaganda Fide a white marble bust in memory of the cardinal was placed. Cardinal Angelo Maria Quirini, O.S.B.Cas., in hisTiara et purpura Veneta :ab anno MCCCLXXIX ad annum MDCCLIX. serenissimae Reipublicae Venetae, a civitate Brixiae dicata (Brixiae : Excudebat Joannes-Maria Rizzardi, 1761), wrote a long biography of the cardinal.
(12) 8.SACCHETTI, Giulio Cesare (1586-1663)
Birth. 17 December 17, 1587 in Rome . Son of Giovanni Battista Sacchetti and Francesca Altoviti,Florentine patricians. He was baptized on December 28, 1587 in the Church of San Giovanni de Fiorentini, Rome. Uncle ofCardinalUrbano Sacchetti (1681).
Education. Attended the University of Perugia; and the University of Pisa, where he obtained a doctorate in law.
Early life. Domestic prelate of Pope Paul V (1605-1621). Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, 1622. Secretary of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council in the pontificate of Pope Paul V. Vice-legate in Bologna, May 23, 1623 until October 24, 1623.
Priesthood. Ordained, November 18, 1623, in the chapel of the palace of Cardinal Ottavio Bandini, by Pietro Dini, archbishop of Fermo.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Gravina, with dispensation for not having received the presbyterate six months before the promotion to the episcopate, December 4, 1623. Consecrated, Sunday December 10, 1623, church of S. Giacomo degli Spagnoli, Rome, by Cardinal Agustín Spínola, bishop of Tortosa, assisted by Ottavio Accoramboni, archbishop of Urbino, and by Diego Merino, bishop of Montepeloso. Nuncio in Spain, January 27, 1624 until 1626.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 19, 1626. Transferred to the see of Fano, March 16(al. 17), 1626. Received the red hat and the title of S. Susanna, December 2 , 1626. Legate in Ferrara, March 8, 1627 until May 1630.Resigned the government of the diocese before September 16, 1635. Legate in Bologna, April 20, 1637 until May 30, 1640. Prefect of theS.C. of Religious Immunity. Prefect of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Justice, June 22, 1640. Camerlengo of the SacredCollege of Cardinals, January 7, 1641 until January 13, 1642 . Participated in theconclaveof 1644, which elected Pope Innocent X; Cardinal Gil Carrillo de Albornoz presented the Spanish veto against his electionto the pontificate. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, April 29, 1652. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicariansee of Frascati, September 23, 1652. Participated in theconclave of 1655, whichelected Pope Alexander VII; Spain presented a veto against his election to the pontificate. Prefect of the S.C. of Rites and Ceremonies fromJune 1, 1655 until his death. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Sabina, October 11, 1655. Legate in Ferrara, 1655 . Head of the special sanitary congregation to combat the plague affecting the Papal States, 1656. Prefect of the S.C. of the Tridentine Council, July 28, 1661 until his death.
Death. June 28, 1663, Rome. Buried in the church of S. Giovanni dei Fiorentini, Rome.
(13) 9.SPINOLA, Giandomenico (1580-1646)
Birth. 1580, Genoa. Of a patrician family. Second of the nine children of Giovanni Maria Spinola and Pelina Lercari, daughter of Doge Giovanni Battista Lercari of Genoa. The other siblings were Giovanni Battista, Giovanni Luca, Violante, Maddalena and four more children who died issueless, Uncle of CardinalGiambattista Spinola,seniore (1681). Grand-uncle of CardinalNiccolò Spinola (1715). Other cardinals of the various branches of the Spinola family wereAgostino Spinola (1527);Filippo Spinola (1583);Orazio Spinola (1606);Agustín Spínola (1621);Giulio Spinola (1666);Giambattista Spinola,iuniore (1695);Giorgio Spinola (1719);Giovanni Battista Spinola (1733);Girolamo Spinola (1759); andUgo Pietro Spinola (1831).
Education. (No information found).
Early life.Questore of the pontifical treasury in Genoa during the pontificate of Pope Paul V (1605-1621). Protonotary Apostolic. Went to Rome and placed himself under the direction of Cardinal Antonmaria Sauli, who helped him to be named cleric of the Apostolic Chamber in May 1604. Vice-legate in Viterbo, 1607. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. General auditor of causes of the Apostolic Chamber, 1610. Judge of the Roman Curia, 1617. Administrator of the archdiocese of Messina, 1625-1626. Abbotcommendatario of S. Maria di Taglieto.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 19, 1626; received the red hat and the title of S. Clemente, February 9, 1626. Protector of the Republic of Genoa (in practice its representative before the Holy See), 1626-1630. Opted for the title of S. Cecilia, retaining the denomination of cardinal of S. Clemente from April 30, 1629 until August 17, 1637.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Acerenza e Matera, November 13, 1630. Consecrated, December 15, 1630, by Domenico Marini, archbishop of Genoa, assisted by Angelo Mascardo, bishop of Noli, by Pietro Francesco Costa, bishop of Albenga, and by Vincenzo Giovanni Spinola, bishop of Brugnato. Transferred to the see of Luni-Sarzana, April 26, 1632, retaining the rank of archbishop. Transferred to the see of Mazara, Sicily, December 1, 1636, retaining the rank of archbishop. Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, January 13, 1642 until January 1643. Participated in theconclave of 1644, which elected Pope Innocent X.
Death. August 11, 1646, Mazara. Buried in the chapel of S. Gaetano in the cathedral of Mazara.
(14) 10.CAVALIERI, Giacomo (1566-1629)
Birth. 1566, Rome. Of an ancient and noble family. Son of Giacomo Cavalieri and Diana Santori, related to the Borghese and Paluzzi Albertoni families. His first name is also listed as Jacopo; and his last name as de Cavalerijs and de Cavaliero.
Education. Studied law.
Priesthood. (No information found). Referendary of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature. Governor of Faenza, February 13, 1592. Governor of Città di Castello, March 4, 1593. Auditor of causes of the Sacred Palace, October 6, 1606. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota, March 26, 1607. Datary of His Holiness, September 15, 1623.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of January 19, 1626; received the red hat and the title of S. Eusebio, February 9, 1626.
Death. January 28, 1629, Tivoli, where he was recuperating from a long and serious illness. His body was transferred to Rome by his brother; and buried in the chapel of S. Gregorio, in the church of S. Maria in Aracoeli, Rome.
(15) 11.BISCIA, Lelio (1575-1638)
Birth. June 15, 1575, Rome. Second of the five children of Bernardino Biscia, consistorial lawyer, and Vittoria Scapucci. Of a Roman family that accessed the nobility in the 16th century and obtained the title of marquis in the second half of the 17th century. His last name is also listed as Piscia.
Education. Studied law.
Early life. Consistorial lawyer, July 5, 1595. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. Purchased, as it was then the custom, a clericate in the Apostolic Chamber, February 28, 1600. Governor of Civitaveccha, January 7, 1605 until 1606; and January 7, 1609 until 1610. Prefect of theAnnona, July 9, 1614. Dean of the Apostolic Chamber.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in the consistory of January 19, 1626; received the red hat and the deaconry of Ss. Vito e Modesto, February 9, 1626. Opted for the deaconry of S. Maria in Cosmedin, December 19, 1633. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Maria del Popolo, February 9, 1637.Mecenas of literature and great book collector.
Death. November 19, 1638, after suffering from erysipelas for seven days, Rome. Buried on the left side of the main altar of the church of S. Francesco a Ripa, Rome.
(16) 12.GUZMÁN DE HAROS, Enrique (1604 or 1605-1626)
Birth. 1604 (or 1605), Madrid, Spain. Son of Diego López de Haro Sotomayor y de la Cueva, fifth marquis of Carpio, and Francisca de Guzmán Pimentel, sister ofGaspar de Guzmán, count-duke of Olivares, prime minister of Spain. Brother of Luis Méndez de Haro, later successor of the count-duke.He was baptized on July 17, 1604 in the church of San Julián, Valladolid. His first name is also listed as Enrrique; as Enrico; and as Hericus; and his second last name as Aros; asAro; and as Haro. He is also listed as Enrrique Haro Guzmán.
Education. Studied ecclesiastical sciences and theology.
Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Sevilla. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Toledo.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal in the consistory of January 19, 1626; never went to Rome to receive the red hat and the title or deconry.
Death. June 21, 1626, of an infection with postules and acute fever, Madrid. Buried in the church ofColegio Santo Tomás, Madrid.
(17) 13.LORRAINE-VAUDÉMONT, Nicolas François de (1609-1670)
Birth. December 6, 1609 , France. Son of Duke François de Lorraine. Nephew of CardinalCharles III de Lorraine-Vaudémont (1589).
Education. Studied at the University of Pont-à-Mousson, 1622-1629, obtaining doctorates in philosophy and in theology; prepared but did not defend a thesis on the sacrament of penance printed in Holland in 1627 and dedicated it to Pope Urban VIII. After his promotion to the cardinalate, received private lessons from two Jesuit priests. Returned to Nancy in June 1629.
Episcopate. Named coadjutor bishop of Toul, with dispensation for not having yet reached the canonical age, August 31, 1619. The appointment also stipulated that he would not exercise the spiritual and temporal administration until reaching the legitimate age. Never received any sacred order. Succeeded to the see on September 14, 1624 and on December 17, 1625 was named administrator of temporal matters On July 24, 1626, administratorcum participatione in spiritualibus, assisted by Charles-Christian de Gournay, titular bishop of Sitien and coadjutor of Tulle, and Nicolas Viardin, canon of the cathedral chapter of Nancy. Abbotcommendatario of Sammolin; of Saint-Mansuy, Toul; and of Saint-Pierre in Vauge. Named to several embassies by Charles, duke of Lorraine, and by King Louis XIII of France.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reservedin pectore in the consistory of January 19, 1626; published in the consistory of August 30, 1627; never received the red hat and the deaconry. Abbotcommendatario of Sainte Croix de Bouzonville, 1626. In 1634 his brother Charles, resigned his estates in his favor and he became duke of Lorraine. In a letter to the Pope dated March 4, 1634, resigned the cardinalate for having married his cousin Claude Françoise de Lorraine, second daughter of Henri duke of Lorraine and Bar, on February 17-18, 1634 . On March 8, 1634, the pope declared himin nullo e sacris ordinis constitutum, depriving him of the cardinalate and the administration of the diocese of Toul . In the consistory of March 22, 1634, the pope communicated the news to the cardinals.
Death. January 27, 1670, Nancy. Buried in the ducal chapel of the church of the Friars Minor (Cordeliers), Nancy .
(18) 14.VIDONI, Girolamo (1581-1632)
Birth. 1581, Cremona. Son of Vidone Vidoni and Margherita Persichelli. Uncle of CardinalPietro Vidoni,seniore (1660). Relative of CardinalPietro Vidoni,iuniore (1816). The family had arrived in Northern Italy from Flanders in the 15th century.
Education. Studied at the University of Pavia; and at the University of Perugia, where he obtained a obtained a doctorate. In Perugia, between 1602 and 1603, he took part in the sessions of theAccademia degli Insensati.
Early life. Went to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Clement VIII.Abbreviatore di parco maggiore, 1605. Chamberlain of honor of His Holiness. Vice-legate in theMarche, 1606. Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, 1606. Cleric of the Apostolic Chamber, 1609. Governor of Civitavecchia, January 10, 1612; January 10, 1613; February 17, 1616 to 1618; January 10, 1623. Prefect of the Vatican Archive, 1619. President of theAnnona January 13, 1623. President of Romagna, November 5, 1623 to March 1625. Treasurer general of the Apostolic Chamber, March 19, 1625. Commissary general of the papal army, 1625.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reservedin pectore in the consistory of January 19, 1626; published in the consistory of August 30, 1627; received the red hat and the title of Ss. Quattro Coronatti,pro illa vice deaconry, October 6, 1627. He was a member of the Congregations for Good Government, of theFabbrica di S. Pietro, and the Congregation for Waters, Fountains and Roads.
Death. October 30, 1632, Rome. Buried in the chapeldella Assunta in the church of S. Maria della Vitoria, Rome .
(19) 15.GINETTI, Marzio (1585-1671)
Birth. April 6, 1585, Velletri, near Rome. Of a patrician family. Son of Giovambattista Ginetti andOlimpia Ponzianelli. Uncle of CardinalGianfrancesco Ginetti (1681).
Education. Went to Rome very young and completed his studies.
Early life. Chamberlain of honor of Pope Paul V.Abbreviatore di parco maggiore, February 8, 1607. Became well acquainted with Cardinal Maffeo Barberini, future pope Urban VIII (1621-1644). Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace, 1609. Voter of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature. President of the diocese of Sabina. Vicar of Cardinal Odoardo Farnese in his deaconry of S. Maria in Via Lata and later in the diocese of Sabina. Auditor of the camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church. Secretary of the SacredConsulta.
Sacred orders. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal and reservedin pectore in the consistory of January 19, 1626. Prefect of theApostolic Palace and pontifical household, February 5, 1626. Published in the consistory of August 30, 1627; received the red hat andthe deaconry of S. Maria Nuova, October 6, 1627. Vicar of Rome for spiritual affairs, October 2, 1629 until his death. Opted for thedeaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria, February 6, 1634. Named prefect of the S.C. of the Borders of the Ecclesiastical States (dei Confini)on October 1, 1627; occupied the post until 1629. Named prefect of the S.C. of Bishops and Regulars before 1635; occupied the post untilhis death. Legatea latere in Austria, September 17, 1635. Legate in Bologna, 1635-1640?. Legatea latere in Cologne, 1636 to 1640,to promote the peace between the warring European princes, who eventually signed the Peace of Westphalia. Legate in Ferrara, November 19,1640 until November 30, 1643. Opted for the deaconry of S. Eustachio, March 14, 1644. Participated in theconclave of 1644, which elected Pope Innocent X. Prefect of the S.C. ofEcclesiastical Immunity from 1644? until his death. Opted for the order of priests and the title of S. Maria degli Angeli, October 17,1644. Opted for the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli, February 19, 1646. Prefect of the S.C. of the Residence of Bishops from 1646 untilhis death. Opted for the title of S. Maria in Trastevere, September 23,1652.
Episcopate. Opted for the order of bishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano, June 9, 1653. Consecrated,July 6, 1653, patriarchal Liberian basilica, Rome, by Cardinal Francesco Barberini, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina,assisted by Giambattista Spada, titular patriarch of Constantinople, and by Giulio Rospigliosi, titular archbishop of Tarso.Participated in theconclave of 1655, which elected Pope Alexander VII.Prefect of the S.C. of the Index from 1661 until his death. Prefect ofthe S.C. of Rites and Ceremonies from June 1663 until his death. Opted forthe suburbicarian see of Sabina, July 2, 1663. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Porto e Santa Rufina, October 11, 1666. Vice-dean ofthe Sacred College of Cardinals. Participated in theconclave of 1667, whichelected Pope Clement IX. Participated in theconclave of 1669-1670, which electedPope Clement X; he had to leave the conclave on March 30, 1670.
Death. March 1, 1671, near 4 p.m., Rome. Buried in the chapel that he had built in the church of S. Andrea della Valle, Rome.
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