(1) 1.CARACCIOLO, Corrado (ca. 1360-1411)
Birth. Ca. 1360, Naples. Of an illustrious family. His father was Roberto Caraccioli. Relative of CardinalNiccolò Caracciolo Moschino, O.P. (1378). His las name is also listed as Carracciolo. He was called the Cardinal of Mileto.
Education. (No information found).
Early life. Provost of the church of S. Stefano, Aquileia. Pontifical subdeacon.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Nicosia, June 25, 1395; he had been provided on March 29, 1395; took possession on June 25, 1395. Consecrated (no information found). Vice-camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, March 30, 1395. Abbotcommendatario of the Benedictine monastery of Mosace, patriarchate of Aquileia, February 22, 1402. Transferred to the see of Mileto, October 2, 1402. Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church from 1404 to 1406.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in the consistory of June 12, 1405 with the of S. Crisogono; retained the administration of his diocese until 1409 . Participated in theconclave of 1406, which elected Pope Gregory XII. Shortly after, he abandoned the Roman obedience for that of Pisa. Participated in theconclave of 1409, which elected Antipope Alexander V. The antipope named him legatea latere in Lombardy; he left Pisa on September 3, 1409. Named administrator of the see of Orvieto in 1409. He worked for the union of the church with the pseudocardinals created by Antipope Benedict XIII. Participated in theconclave of 1410, which elected Antipope John XXIII. Namedlocumtenens of the camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, Enrico Minutoli, August 30, 1410, during the latter's absence.
Death. February 15, 1411, Bologna . Buried in the cathedral of Bologna.
(2) 2.CORRER, Angelo (ca. 1325 (or 1335)-1417)
Birth. Ca. 1325 (or 1335), Venice. Of an ancient patrician family. Son of Niccoló di Pietro and Polissena (her last name is unknown). Uncle of CardinalAntonio Correr, C.R.S.A. (1408). He was called the Cardinal of Constantinople.
Education.Magister in theology.
Early life. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Venice. The Venetian senate recommended to the pope his appointment as dean of the church of Corone on March 23, 1377; occupied the post until 1390. Professor of theology at the University of Bologna.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Castello in October 1380; occupied the post until November 21, 1390. Consecrated (no information found). Legate of Pope Urban VI and apostolic collector in Istria and Dalmatia on February 21, 1387. Named also bishop of of the Island of Negrepont. Promoted to the Latin patriarchate of Constantinople on December 1, 1390. Administrator of the see of Corone, April 20, 1395; retained the post until 1413. Legate of Pope Boniface IX before King Ladislas of Naples in 1399. Named governor ofMarche Anconitana on April 4, 1405.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Marco in the consistory of June 12, 1405; he kept the administration of the patriarchate until October 23, 1409. On his return from Ancona, he was received by the pope in in a general consistory on September 24, 1406; on the following October 20, the pope finished the ceremonies of his investiture as a cardinal, together with those of Cardinal Giovanni Migliorati. Participated in theconclave of 1406 and was elected pope .
Papacy. Elected pope on November 30, 1406. Took the name Gregory XII. Crowned, December 19, 1406, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Rinaldo Brancaccio, deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto . He was deposed by the Council of Pisa on July 5, 1409; he did not acknowledge the deposition. He created ten cardinals in twoconsistories. Resigned the papacy in a letter read by procurator Carlo Malatesta, on July 4, 1415, in the Council of Constance.
Cardinalate. The council granted him the title of cardinal bishop of Frascati and the rank immediately after the pope; as well as the legation, for life, ofMarche Anconitana. His abdication allowed the end of the Western Schism.
Death. October 18, 1417 in Recanati. Buried in the cathedral of Recanati.
(3) 3.UGUCCIONE, Francesco (1327-1412)
Birth. 1327, Urbino. Son of Sante di Uguccione. His last name is also listed as Ugoccione; as Hugotion; as Hugociano; as Aguzzoni; and as Aguzzonis. He was called the Cardinal of Bordeaux.
Education. Obtained a doctorate inutroque iure, both canon and civil law.
Early life. He was a renowned jurisconsult.
Episcopate. Named bishop of Faenza by Pope Urban VI in 1378. Consecrated (no information found). Legate in Gascogne, Aragón, Castilla and Navarra in 1382. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Benevento in 1383. Transferred to the metropolitan see of Bordeaux, August 28, 1384.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of Ss. Quattro Coronati in the consistory of June 12, 1405; kept the administration of his see until his death. Did not participate in theconclave of 1406, which elected pope Pope Gregory XII. Attended the Council of Pisa. Participated in theconclave of 1409, which elected Antipope Alexander V; and the one of1410, which elected Antipope John XXIII.
Death. July 14, 1412, Florence. Buried in the church of S.Maria Nuova, Rome .
(4) 4.ORSINI,iuniore, Giordano (1360s-1438)
Birth. 1360s, Petricoli. Of a noble family. Second son of Senator Giovanni Orsini and Bartolomea Spinelli. The family gave the church several popes and cardinals:Celestine III (1191-1198);Nicholas III (1277-1280);Benedict XIII (1724-1730);Matteo Orsini (1262);Latino Malabranca Orsini, O.P. (1278);Giordano Orsini (1278);Napoleone Orsini (1288);Francesco Napoleone Orsini (1295);Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (1316);Matteo Orsini, O.P. (1327);Rinaldo Orsini (1350);Giacomo Orsini (1371);Poncello Orsini (1378);Tommaso Orsini (1383?);Latino Orsini (1448);Cosma Orsini, O.S.B. (1480);Giovanni Battista Orsini (1483);Franciotto Orsini (1517);Flavio Orsini (1565);Alessandro Orsini (1615);Virginio Orsini, O.S.Io.Hieros. (1641); andDomenico Orsini d'Aragona (1743).
Education. (No information found).
Early life. Auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Naples before February 13, 1400; occupied the see until his promotion to the cardinalate.
Priesthood. Ordained shortly after his promotion to the episcopate.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti in the consistory of June 12, 1405. He was named a senator by Pope Innocent VII. Participated in theconclave of 1406, which elected Pope Gregory XII. He was one of the first cardinals to use the right of option when he passed to the title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso, March 25, 1409. Shortly after having participated in the election of Pope Gregory XII, he abandoned his obedience for that of Pisa, where he worked for the union of the church with the pseudocardinals created by Antipope Benedict XIII. Attended the Council of Pisa. Participated in theconclave of 1409, which elected Antipope Alexander V. Administrator of the see of Pécs, September 4, 1409 until August 13, 1410. Participated in theconclave of 1410, which elected Antipope John XXIII. Legate in Spain. Legate inPicenum. Visitor of churches and monasteries in Rome to reestablish the discipline. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Albano in June 1412; received the episcopal consecration on September 23, 1412; he kept his titlein commendam presumably until his death. Named legate in Bologna, together with Cardinal Ludovico Fieschi, on October 19, 1412; entered the curia in Florence on September 2, 1413. He had a considerable role in the Council of Constance, where he presided the 5th session. Participated in theconclave of 1417, which elected Pope Martin V. Named legate in France, he left Constance on April 2, 1418 with Cardinal Pietro Filargis; their mission was to try to reestablish the peace between the kings of France and England; returned to Florence on March 18, 1419. Named legate inMarche Anconitana. Named grand penitentiary toward 1419. He was absent from the curia from May 23 to September 17, 1421. On January 16, 1426, he was named legate in Hungary and Bohemia; and the following February 17, in Germany to combat the Hussite heresy; he left Rome on March 19; attended the Diet of Nuremberg on May 11. He may have become dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1428 or 1431. Participated in theconclave of 1431, which elected Pope Eugenius IV. Opted for the suburbicarian see of Sabina on March 14, 1431. Named legate to preside the Council of Basle, which opened on July 23, 1431; he defended the rights of the pope. Sent by Pope Eugenius IV to Siena to receive Emperor Sigismund, who was traveling to Rome to be crowned; the coronation took place on May 31, 1433. Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica, 1434. Resigned thecommendam of the Benedictine abbey of Farfa in March 1435. Abbotcommendatario of the Cistercian monastery of S. Pastore, diocese of Rieti, until his death. Protector of the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans). He was a great friend of the arts and letters, and had a rich collection of books and 254 manuscripts, which he donated to the Vatican basilica.
Death. May 29, 1438, Rome. Buried in a chapel that he had built in the patriarchal Vatican basilica.
(5) 5.MIGLIORATI, Giovanni (?-1410 or 1411)
Birth. (No date found), Sulmona. Son of Nicolò Megliorati. Nephew of PopeInnocent VII. His first name is also listed as Giovanni Nicolò. He was called the Cardinal of Ravenna.
Education. Obtained a doctorate in canon law and a licentiate in civil law.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Ravenna, September 15, 1400; he had not yet reached the canonical age; succeeded his uncle the pope. Consecrated (no information found). He introduced the Carmelites in his archdiocese and gave them the church of S. Giovanni Battista. It is said that he never resided in his see.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme in the consistory of June 12, 1405; he kept the administration of his see; he entered the Roman Curia on September 16, 1406 and was received by the pope in public consistory; the pope finished the ceremonies of his investiture as cardinal on October 20, 1406, together with those of Cardinal Angelo Correr. Participated in theconclave of 1406, which elected Pope Gregory XII. Attended the Council of Pisa. Participated in theconclave of 1409, which elected Antipope Alexander V; and in the one of1410, which elected Antipope John XXIII.
Death. October 16, 1410, Bologna. Buried in the cathedral of Ravenna .
(6) 6.FILARGIS, O.F.M., Pietro (ca. 1339-1410)
Birth. Ca. 1339, Kare, Crete (then Venetian named Candia). Of a very poor family, he was orphaned; he was sheltered and taught by a Franciscan friar. His last name is also listed as Filargo, Philargis, Philarghi, Philaretus, Philarete and Philargos. He is also listed as Pietro di Candia and Petrus de Candia. Called the Cardinal of Milan.
Education. Entered the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans) at the convent of Candia, ca. 1357. Studied at Padua, Norwich and Oxford University, where he obtained a licentiate in theology; and atLa Sorbonne University, Paris, where he obtained a doctorate in theology in 1381.Magister in theology.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). He taught at Franciscan houses of study in Russia, Bohemia and Poland. He lecture on the "Sentences" of Peter Abelardo in Paris, 1378-1380. Professor of theology at the University of Pavia from 1386.Protégé and privy counselor of Gian Galeazzo Visconti.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Piacenza, October 5, 1386. Transferred to the see of Brescia in 1387 . Transferred to the see of Vicenza on January 23, 1388. Transferred to the see of Novara, September 18, 1389 . In 1395, he carried out a diplomatic mission for his patron that obtained for the latter the title of duke of Milan from German King Wenceslas. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Milan, May 17, 1402. Ambassador of the duke of Milan in Bohemia.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of Ss. XII Apostoli in the consistory of June 12, 1405; he retained the administration of his see of Milan. Named legate in Lombardy; he left Viterbo on November 23, 1406. Impatient with Pope Gregory XII for delaying the end of the schism, he broke up with the pope in May 1408 and collaborated with Cardinal Baldassare Cossa, future Antipope John XXIII, in convoking the Council of Pisa. Deprived of the administration of Milan by Pope Gregory XII in November 1408. Participated in theconclave of 1409 and was elected antipope.
Papacy. Elected Antipope Alexander V on June 26, 1409 at the Council of Pisa, in the archbishop's palace; after the deposition of Pope Gregory XII and Antipope Benedict XIII by the council. Took the name Alexander V. Crowned on July 7, 1409, at the cathedral of Pisa, by Cardinal Amedeo Saluzzo, protodeacon of S. Maria Nuova. He did not create any cardinals.
Death. May 3, 1410, in the palace of Cardinal Baldassare Cossa, in Bologna; some sources, probably falsely, indicate that he was poisoned by order of the cardinal. His body was embalmed by the famous physician Pietro di Argeleta; the verbal process of the operation is still preserved. Buried in the church of S. Francesco, Bologna. At his death, Cardinal Egidio de Viterbo wrote:Pauperibus levandis ita studuit ut nihil omnino sibi reservaret.
(7) 7.ARCIONI, Antonio (?-1405)
Birth. (No date found), Rome. His last name is also listed as Archeoni. He was called the Cardinal of Ascoli.
Education. (No information found).
Early life. Vicar general of Montecassino.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Aquino in 1380. Consecrated (no information found). Transferred to the see of Ascoli Piceno, February 6, 1387. Transferred to the see of Arezzo, October 10, 1390; occupied the see of a year. Named bishop of Ascoli Piceno, again, in 1399; celebrated a synod; occupied the see until his promotion to the cardinalate. Name vicar of the pope for Rome in 1400.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli in the consistory of June 12, 1405.
Death. July 21 (or 26), 1405 , Rome. Buried near the altar dedicated to S. Girolamo in the patriarchal Liberian basilica .
(8) 8.CALVI, Antonio (1341-1411)
Birth. 1341, Rome.
Education. Studied law.
Early life.Sindico of the officers of the senate. Consistorial lawyer. Canon of the patriarchal Vatican basilica.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Imola, October 10, 1390; took possession on October 21, 1390. Consecrated after June 1391. Transferred to the see of Todi, December 22, 1395; occupied the see until his promotion to the cardinalate.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Prassede in the consistory of June 12, 1405. Participated in theconclave of 1406, which elected Pope Gregory XII. Shortly after, he abandoned the obedience of Rome for that of Pisa, where he worked for the union of the church with the pseudocardinals created by Antipope Benedict XIII. Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican basilica from 1408 until his death. Participated in theconclave of 1409, which elected Antipope Alexander V. Opted for the title of S. Marco, July 2, 1409. Participated in theconclave of 1410, which elected Antipope John XXIII.
Death. October 2, 1411, Rome. Buried in a chapel that he had built in the patriarchal Vatican basilica.
(9) 9.COLONNA, Oddone (1368-1431)
Birth. 1368, Genazzano, Campagna di Roma. Son of Agapito Colona,signore of Genazzano, Capranica Palestrina, San Vito e Ciciliano, and Caterina Conti, of thesignori of Valmontone. His first name is also listed as Oddo; as Odone; as Otto; and as Ottone. Uncle of CardinalProspero Colonna (1426). Grand uncle of CardinalGiovanni Colonna (1480). Other cardinals from the different branches of the family wereGiovanni Colonna (1212);Giacomo Colonna (1278);Pietro Colonna (1288);Giovanni Colonna (1327);Agapito Colonna (1378);Stefano Colonna (1378);Pompeo Colonna (1517);Marco Antonio Colonna,seniore (1565);Ascanio Colonna (1586);Girolamo Colonna (1627);Carlo Colonna (1706);Prospero Colonna (1739);Girolamo Colonna (1743);Prospero Colonna (1743);Marcantonio Colonna,iuniore (1759);Pietro Colonna (1766), who took the last name Pamphili; andNicola Colonna, 1785. He was called the Cardinal Colonna.
Education. Studied law at the University of Pavia.
Early life. Referendary and protonotary apostolic in the pontificate of Pope Urban VI. Named auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota and apostolic nuncio in Italy by Pope Boniface IX.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Urbino in 1380; occupied the see until 1409; he never received the episcopal consecration until his election to the papacy. Administrator of the suburbicarian see of Palestrina, December 15, 1401 until 1405.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro in the consistory of June 12, 1405. Participated in theconclave of 1406, which elected Pope Gregory XII. In the summer of 1408, he abandoned the obedience of Pope Gregory XII and was active in the preparation of the Council of Pisa; he worked for the union of the church with the pseudocardinals created by Antipope Benedict XIII. Attended the Council of Pisa. Participated in theconclave of 1409, which elected Antipope Alexander V. Participated in theconclave of 1410, which elected Antipope John XXIII. Attended in the Council of Constance. Entered the Roman Curia on June 12, 1412. Legate to Umbria in 1411. Vicar of Rome and archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran basilica in 1412. Legate in the province of the Patrimony, the duchy of Spoleto and in Perugia, Todi, Terni and Amelia in 1413. Legate in Toscany. He remained loyal to Antipope John XXIII until the latter's flight from Constance. Participated in theconclave of 1417 and was elected pope.
Papacy. Elected pope on November 11, 1417. Took the name Martin V. Ordained to the priesthood on Saturday November 13, 1417, in thepresbyterium of the cathedral of Constance, by Cardinal Jean Allarmet de Brogny, bishop of Ostia and Velletri, dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. Consecrated bishop on Sunday November 14, 1417, in the samepresbyterium, also by Cardinal Allarmet de Brogny. Crowned, November 21, 1417, in front of the cathedral of Constance, by Cardinal Rinaldo Brancaccio, protodeacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto. He presided over the last session of the Council of Constance, which ended on April 22, 1418. He created seventeen cardinals in fourconsistories.
Death. February 20, 1431, Rome. Buried in the middle of the nave of the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome ; in 1853, his tomb was transferred to the area of the Confession of the basilica.
(10) 10.STEFANESCHI, Pietro (1360s or 1370s-1417)
Birth. 1360s or 1370s, Trastevere, Rome. Of thesignori of Molara. Son of Annibale Stefaneschi. His last name is also listed as Stefaneschi Annibaldi; as Stephaneschi; as Stephanescis; and as Stephani. He was called the Cardinal of Rome or of S. Angelo.
Education. (No information found).
Early life. Named by Pope Boniface IX acolyte of the papal chapel at the end of his adolescence. Protonotary apostolic.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria in the consistory of June 12, 1405. Participated in theconclave of 1406, which elected Pope Gregory XII. Vicar of Rome during the absence of Pope Gregory XII with a subsidy of 500scudi per month. Attended the Council of Pisa. Participated in theconclave of 1409, which elected Antipope Alexander V. Opted for the deaconry of Ss. Cosma e Damiano, July 2, 1409. Participated in theconclave of 1410, which elected Antipope John XXIII. Opted for the deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria, again, in 1410. Legatea latere in Naples, November 25, 1413. Vicar of Rome, for the spiritual and temporal affairs, and legatea latere, of Antipope John XXIII at the time of the Council of Constance; he had a subsidy of 400scudi per month.
Episcopate. Administrator of the see of Nebbio, March 20, 1415.
Death. October 30, 1417 Rome. Buried in the church of S. Maria in Trastevere, Rome .
(11) 11.GILLES, Jean (?-1408)
Birth. (No date found), Normandy. His last name is also listed as Gile and Egidi. He was called the Cardinal of Liège.
Education. Obtained a doctorate inutroque iure, both canon and civil law.
Early life. Canonchantre of the cathedral chapter of Paris. Pope Urban VI named him auditor of the Sacred Roman Rota and apostolic chaplain. Provost of Liège in 1390. Papal legate in the dioceses of Cologne, Trier and Reims; he was confirmed in this post by Pope Boniface IX.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Cosma e Damiano in the consistory of June 12, 1405. He entered the papal curia in Viterbo on December 12, 1405; the pope finished the ceremonies of his investiture as a cardinal on January 12, 1406. Participated in theconclave of 1406, which elected Pope Gregory XII. He announced the election of Pope Gregory XII at the University of Paris on December 17, 1406 and indicated the good will of the elected for the termination of the schism; later, because of the pope's resistance, he abandoned his obedience for that of Pisa, where he worked for the union of the church with the pseudocardinals created by Antipope Benedict XIII.
Death. July 1, 1408, Pisa. On March 15, 1410, Antipope Alexander V issued a safe conduct to three of his relatives to transport his body to Liège, where it was buried in the cathedral.