(1) 1.JULIÃO, João Pedro (ca. 1205/1220-1277)
Birth. Ca. 1205/1220, Lisbon, Portugal. Son of Julião Rebelo, a physician of a noble and well known family, and Teresa Gil. He is also listed as Pietro di Giuliano; as Pietro Iuliani, as Pietro Ispano; as Petrus Juliani; as Petrus Hispanus; as Pedro Hispano; and Pedro Hispano Portucalense.
Education. Initial studies at the school of the cathedral of Lisbon; then, he studied in Paris; obtained a master's in arts, ca. 1240; he studied medicine in Montpellier (or Salerno) and obtained doctorates in medicine and theology.
Early life. Professor of medicine at the new University of Siena, 1247-1250. Dean and master of schools in Lisbon in 1250. Archdeacon of Vermoim, a diginity of the cathedral of Braga. He traveled to Rome in 1262 and then returned to Lisbon. Entered the service of Cardinal Ottobono Fieschi, future Pope Adrian V, ca.1262. Prior de Santo André de Mafra in 1263. Major treasurer of Oporto. Prior of the collegiate church of Guimaraes. Through Cardinal Fieschi, he met Pope Gregory X, who named him his personal physician in 1271.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Braga by its cathedral chapter toward the end of 1272; he was never confirmed by the pope; occupied the see until 1275; he was succeeded by Ordonho Alvarez, future cardinal, in May 1275. Consecrated (no information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Frascati in the consistory of June 3, 1273. Signed the papal bulls issued between March 7, 1274 and April 1, 1275. Participated in theSecond Council of Lyon (1274). Participated in the firstconclave of 1276, which elected Pope Innocent V. Participated in the secondconclave of 1276, which elected Pope Adrian V. Participated in the thirdconclave of 1276 and was elected pope.
Papacy. Elected pope on September 8, 1276, Viterbo. Took the name John XXI . Crowned, September 20, 1276, cathedral of S. Lorenzo, Viterbo, by Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano. He wrote numerous works on theology and Sacred Scriptures as well as in hygiene and medicine; among themSummulæ logicales, a logic textbook;Problemata quædam, commentaries on Aristotle and the mystical theologian Pesudo-Dyonisius;De Oculis, a study in ophthalmology; andThesaurum Pauperum, a popular manual on curing illnesses. He did not create any cardinals.
Death. May 20, 1277, of the injuries he sustained when a few days earlier the ceiling of his study collapsed over him in Viterbo. Buried in the cathedral of S. Lorenzo, Viterbo.
(2) 2.VICEDOMINIS, Vicedomino de (ca. 1210/1215-1276)
Birth. Ca. 1210/1215, Piacenza. Nephew (?) of PopeGregory X, on his mother's side. He is also listed as Guillelmus Vicedominus de Vicedominis; as Guillaume Vicedomino de Vicedominis; and as Guglielmo Visconti .
Education. (No information found).
Early life. He was married and had two children; after his wife died, he entered the ecclesiastical state. In 1241, he was already provost of Barjols. Canon of the cathedral chapter of Clermont in 1241. In 1243, he was, simultaneously, ambassador of the count of Provence in Genoa and in Avignon, which at that time was a free city, not yet a possession of Provence. Canon of the metropolitan cathedral chapter of Narbonne. Provost of Grase andchantre of Béziers in 1251. In May 1251, he was sent with Gui Foucois as ambassador of the new count of Provence, Carlo d'Anjou, to Arlè and Avignon. Papal chaplain.
Sacred orders. He received the diaconate.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Aix, July 22, 1257; he celebrated a provincial council in 1261; occupied the see until his promotion to the cardinalate, but never returned to it. Consecrated (no information found). Legate in Lombardy and Romagna in 1272.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Palestrina in the consistory of June 3, 1273. Subscribed the papal bulls issued from March 7, 1274 to April 1, 1275. Participated in theSecond Council of Lyon (1274). Received the title of S. Marcelloin commendam on June 7, 1275. Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in July 1275. Participated in the firstconclave of 1276, which elected Pope Innocent V. Participated in the secondconclave of 1276, which elected Pope Adrian V. Participated in the thirdconclave of 1276; died during the celebration of the conclave . Inscribed in the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans) so that he could be buried wearing the order's habit.
Death. September 6, 1276, Viterbo. Buried in the church of S. Francesco, Viterbo.
(3) 3.BONAVENTURA, O.F.M. (ca. 1217/1222-1274)
Birth. Ca. 1217/1222,Bagnoregio (or Bagnorea), Tuscany. Son of Giovanni di Fidanza, a physician, and Maria di Ritello. His baptismal name was Giovanni. When Giovanni was four years old, he became gravely ill and the doctors thought he would not live; his mother brought him to Francesco d'Assisi, future saint, who placed the child near his heart; Francesco, with the child in his arms exclaimed: "Bona ventura!" (Success!) and little Giovanni got cured soon afterward; for this reason, he later was called Bonaventura. He is also listed as Giovanni di Fidanza; as Johannes Fidanza; as Bonaventura di Fidanza; and as Bonaventura da Bagnoregio.
Education. Received his initial education and instruction in the Franciscan convent of Bagnoregio. He went to Paris in 1236; studied at the university and obtained the diploma inbaccalaureus in artibus. Entered the Order of the Friars Minor (Franciscans), Paris, in 1243; he was assigned to the Roman province of the order; completed the novitiate in Paris, 1243-1244; continued his studies at theStudium generale from 1243 to 1248, under the guidance of Alessandro di Hales, from 1243 to 1245; and other professors of the order. In 1253, he obtained the license and the doctorate in theology.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Taught asbaccalaureus biblicus, from 1248 until 1250; and asbaccalaureus sententiarum, from 1250 to 1252. In 1253, started teaching at theStudium generale of Paris. On August 12, 1257, after the intervention of Pope Alexander IV, he was recognized by themaîtres of the university asMagister cathedraticus, the faculty of theology, title to which he had the right to expect after the completion of his studies. In the general chapter celebrated in Rome on February 2, 1257, he was elected 7th minister general of the order, which by then had 20,000 members. He governed the order from Paris but for reasons inherent to the post and by charges given to him by the pope, he traveled numerous times to France and Italy; he also went to Germany in the spring of 1259 and in the winter of 1270-1271; on April 8, 1263, he was present at the translation of the body of S. Antonio di Padova from thechiesetta di S. Maria Mater Domini to the new basilica; on December 7, 1270, he was in Cologne; and on January 6, 1271 in Southern Germany; in the spring of 1270 and in October of 1272, he went to Spain; and in 1258 and 1265, to England. On November 24, 1265, Pope Clement IV offered him the metropolitan see of York but he declined.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Albano in the consistory of June 3, 1273. Leaving Paris, at the request of the pontiff, he met Pope Gregory X in July 1273 in Mugello, near Florence, and accompanied him to the general council.
Episcopate. Received the episcopal consecration from Pope Gregory X on November 11 (or 12), 1273. He immediately dedicated himself entirely to the preparation of the assembly, of which he was one of the most important figures. Participated in theSecond Council of Lyon (1274); he defended the mendicant orders, especially the Franciscans, against the attacks of the secular clergy; and actively contributed to the success of the conciliar work, particularly the union of the Greek Church. On May 20, 1274, in the general chapter of the order, he resigned the post of minister general. He was the first Franciscan cardinal.
Death. July 15, 1274, two days before the conclusion of the council, Lyon. Cardinal Pierre de Tarantaise, O.P., future Pope Innocent V, delivered the sermon in his funeral which was attended by all the conciliar fathers; buried in the sacristy of the church of Saint-François, Lyon; around 1450, his remains were taken to the new Franciscan church; in about 1494, they were deposited in a chapel that King Charles VIII of France had built and dedicated to him; in May 1562, the remains were publicly burned in thePlace des Cordeliers, in front of the church, by the Huguenots; his head was saved but was later destroyed (or disappeared) during the French Revolution; nevertheless, in March 1490, his compatriots from Bagnoregio had been able to bring as a relic one of his arms, which is still preserved in the local cathedral.
Canonization. Canonized by Pope Sixtus IV on April 14, 1482; declaredDoctor Seraphicus by Pope Sixtus V on March 14, 1587. His feast is celebrated on July 14.
(4) 4.TARENTAISE, O.P., Pierre de (ca. 1224/1225-1276)
Birth. Ca. 1224/1225, Champagny, small town near Tarentaise (now Moûtiers), (then in Bourgogne, now French Savoy), France . He is also listed as Petrus a Tarentasia; and as Pietro di Tarantasia.
Education. Entered the Order of Preachers (Dominicans) in Lyon ca. 1240. Studied at the University of Paris;maître in theology in June 1259.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Held the "chair of the French" at the University of Paris, 1259-1264. In 1259, he collaborated with Albertus Magnus and Tommaso d'Aquino, future saints, in the preparation of a rule of studies for Dominicans. Twice he was elected provincial of his order in France, 1264-1267 and 1269-1272. He preached a crusade during the pontificate of Pope Clement IV.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Lyon, June 6, 1272; occupied the see until his promotion to the cardinalate. Consecrated (no information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Ostia e Velletri in the consistory of June 3, 1273. He helped prepare and took an important part in theSecond Council of Lyon (1274). Grand penitentiary. In 1274, in Lyon, he delivered the sermon at the funeral of Cardinal Bonaventura, future saint. He accompanied Pope Gregory X in his journey to Italy in 1275-1276. Participated in the firstconclave of 1276 and was elected pope.
Papacy. Elected pope in Arezzo on January 21, 1276. Took the name Innocent V. Crowned, February 22, 1276, patriarchal Vatican basilica, by Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, protodeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano. He was the first Dominican pope. He did not create any cardinals.
Death. Died on June 22, 1276, Rome. Buried in the patriarchal Lateran basilica, Rome.
Beatification. On March 9, 1898, Pope Leo XIII confirmed the immemorial veneration of this pope as a blessed; his feast day is celebrated on June 22.
(5) 5.SAINT-MARTIN, O.S.B., Bertrand de (?- 1275 or ca. 1277)
Birth. (No date found), Arles, France. He is also listed as Bertrandus a S. Martino; his first name as Bertrando; and his last name as Sainct Martin.
Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines); professed at the monastery of Saint-Andrè de Villeneuve, Avignon.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Dean of Saint-Andrè de Villeneuve, Avignon, in 1238. Provost of Arles.
Episcopate. Elected bishop of Fréjus in 1248. Consecrated (no information found). Transferred to the see of Avignon, March 5, 1264. Promoted to the metropolitan see of Arles, October 11, 1266; took possession of the see in March 1267; received thepallium in 1269, with the faculty of being preceded by the cross in all the territory of the province; occupied the see until his promotion to the cardinalate.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Sabina in the consistory of June 3, 1273. Subscribed the papal bulls issued from March 7, 1274 until March 23, 1275. Participated in the initial sessions of theSecond Council of Lyon. Participated in the firstconclave of 1276, which elected Pope Innocent V. Participated in the secondconclave of 1276, which elected Pope Adrian V. Participated in the thirdconclave of 1276, which elected Pope John XXI.
Death. March 28, 1275; or ca. 1277 , shortly before the election of Pope Nicholas III; Lyon. Buried (no information found).