(1) 1.DOMNIZZONE (?-ca. 1090)
Birth. (No date or place found). His name is also listed as Donizo and as Regizzone.
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Sabina in a consistory celebrated in 1088 . Consecrated (no information found).
Death. Ca. 1090, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(2) 2.CHÂTILLON, O.S.B.Clun., Odon de (?-1101)
Birth. (No date found), Châtillon, Reims, France. Son of Guy. Nephew of PopeUrban II, on his father's side. He is also listed as Oddo II; as Otho Castillonæus; as Ottone di Castiglione; as Eudes; and as Eudes de Lagery.
Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines) at Cluny. "... uomo di specchiata virtù e pari scienza ..." .
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal bishop of Ostia in a consistory celebrated in 1088. Consecrated (no information found). Attended the Council of Clermont in 1095. He consecrated a chapel in Aversa. On August 6, 1098, he was in Salerno with Pope Urban II. On March 24, 1099, he was at the patriarchal Vatican basilica in Rome. Subscribed papal bulls issued between April and August 1099. Participated in thepapal election of 1099, in which Pope Paschal II was elected. He was one of the consecrators of the new pope; the ceremony took place on August 15, 1099, the day after the election. Subscribed papal bulls issued between March 7 and November 20, 1100. Participated in the Council of Melfi in October 1100.
Death. Around March 31, 1101, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(3) 3.PIETRO (?-ca. 1099)
Birth. (No date or place found).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of Ss. Martino e Silvestro (Equitii) in a consistory celebrated in 1088 . Vicar of Rome in the pontificate of Pope Urban II. Cardinalprotoprete.
Death. Ca. 1099 , (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(4) 4.AMICO,seniore, O.S.B. (?-ca. 1122)
Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Amicus.
Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines).
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Abbot of the monastery of S. Lorenzo fuori le mura, Rome .
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme in a consistory celebrated in 1088 . Cardinalprimoprete ca. 1009. Participated in thepapal election of 1118, in which Pope Gelasius II was elected. Subscribed papal bulls issued on September 26, 1118 in Pisa as cardinal subdeacon and abbot of S. Lorenzo fuori le mura; and on July 15, 1119 in Toulouse as abbot of S. Lorenzo fuori le mura. On November 1, 1119, he was in the papal court in Reims as abbot of S. Lorenzo and cardinal deacon. Subscribed papal bulls issued between January 3 and December 28, 1121 at the Lateran palace as cardinal priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme.
Death. Ca. 1122, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(5) 5.GIOVANNI (?-ca. 1115)
Birth. (No date found), Gubbio. He is also listed as Giovanni da Gubbio.
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Anastasia in a consistory celebrated in 1088. Subscribed papal bulls issued between April 1099 and March 20, 1105. Legate in Umbria in 1105. Consecrated Giovanni di Lodi, bishop of Gubbio; after the death of the bishop, he was charged with writing his biography and with the canonical process for his canonization.
Death. Ca. 1115, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(6) 6.GREGORIO (?-ca. 1092)
Birth. (No date or place found).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Crisogono in a consistory celebrated in 1088.
Death. Ca. 1092, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(7) 7.CAPIZUCCHI, Gianroberto (?-1128)
Birth. (No date found), Rome. Of a patrician family. His first name is also listed as Roberto; as Giovanni; and as Giovanni Roberto; and his last name as Capisucci; as Capisucco; as Capisucchi; and as Capizzuchi. Other cardinals of the family wereRoberto Capizucchi (1097) (no information found about him);Pietro Capizucchi (1122);Gian Roberto Capizucchi (1126);Gianantonio Capizucchi (1555); andRaimondo Capizucchi, O.P. (1681).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Clemente in a consistory celebrated in 1088. Opted for another title toward 1095. Participated in the Lateran Synod in March 1112. Opted for the title of S. Cecilia toward 1120. Subscribed papal bulls issued between January 3, 1121 and April 1, 1124. On July 8, 1123, he took part in consecration the oratory of S. Crisogono, Rome. Participated in thepapal election of 1124, in which Pope Honorius II was elected. Subscribed papal bulls issued between May 5, 1125 and May 7, 1128.
Death. 1128, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(8) 8.ROBERT (?-1112)
Birth. (No date found), Paris, France. He is also listed as Robert de Paris; and as Robertus Parisiensis.
Education. He studied law.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Eusebio in a consistory celebrated in 1088 . Between August 25 and 30, 1100, he was in Salerno with Pope Paschal II. Subscribed papal bulls issued between August 30, 1100 and April 14, 1109. On October 15, 1100, he was in Melfi. In 1102, he was sent as legate to Palestine to settle a dispute with the patriarch of Jerusalem. In March 1105, he appears as a judge in the Lateran palace. Attended the Council of Guastalla in 1106. On May 5, 1108, he sat in a court in Scarna. His legal expertise helped him negotiate a transaction between Nicolò abbot of Grottaferrata, Cardinal Romano of S. Prassede, in 1109. He was the intermediary between Emperor Heinrich V and Pope Paschal II during the captivity of the latter in Rome in February 1111. He participated in the negotiations of the Ponte Mammolo agreement of April 14, 1111 with the emperor, by which the pope obtained the release of himself and most of the Roman clergy from captivity. Attended the Lateran Synod in March 1112; he was one of the most vocal critics of the behavior of Pope Paschal II granting the right of investiture to the emperor; he was one of the authors of theGesta dampnationis, March 23, 1112; the other authors were Cardinal Leone, O.S.B.Cas., bishop of Ostia, Gregorio of Terracina, O.S.B.Cas., Gérard d'Angoulême, Gualo de Saint Pole de Léon and Cardinal Gregorio of Ss. XII Apostoli; the strong opinion against the policies of the pope had gone so far that Cardinal Gregorio of Ss. XII Apostoli got the stigma of heresy, and some introduced the request for the exclusion of both from the Sacred College of Cardinals.
Death. After March 1112, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(9) 9.BONE,seniore (?-ca. 1098)
Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Bonus.
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of Ss. Giovanni e Paolo in a consistory celebrated in 1088. Subscribed a papal bull issued in February 1095.
Death. Ca. 1098, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(10) 10.RISO (?-1118)
Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Risus; as Richo; and as Richus.
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso in a consistory celebrated in 1088. He gave Abbot Hugo (1103-1107) advice for the reconstruction of the monastery ofS. Maria de Valle Jehoshaphat. Subscribed papal bulls issued between March 20, 1105 and September 1, 1107; one of them was in favor of the monastery of S. Benedetto in Mantua. Attended the Council of Guastalla in 1106. He traveled to France and was on February 18, 1107 in Bèze; on the following February 24, in Langres; and in July 1107 of the same year, in Valence. He participated in the negotiations of the Ponte Mammolo agreement of April 14, 1111 with Emperor Heinrich V, by which the pope obtained the release of himself and most of the Roman clergy from captivity. Reaffirmed under oath, together with other cardinals, the privilege over the investitures granted by Pope Paschal II to the emperor. Attended the Lateran Synod on March 23, 1112, and, together with the pope, repudiated the privilege over the investitures.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Bari on April 2, 1112 . Consecrated (no information found). He appears in the papal entourage between January 2 and February 13, 1113; and on May 24, 1115, in Benevento.
Death. 1118, murdered , (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(11) 11.LEONE (?-?)
Birth. (No date or place found).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Marco in a consistory celebrated in 1088 .
Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).
(12) 12.PAPARONI, Gregorio (?-ca. 1099)
Birth. (No date or place found).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Maria in Trastevere in a consistory celebrated in 1088.
Death. Ca. 1099, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(13) 13.ALBERICO (?-1100)
Birth. (No date or place found).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli (Eudoxia) in a consistory celebrated in 1088. Subscribed papal bulls issued betwen October 15 and November 20, 1100 .
Death. Shortly after November 1100, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(14) 14.GREGORIO (?-1122)
Birth. (No date found), Pavia.
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Prisca (Ss. Aquila e Prisca) in a consistory celebrated in 1088. Opted for another title toward 1094. Attended the Council of Guastalla in 1106. He may have subscribed a papal bull on February 15, 1113, without indicating his title. Subscribed papal bulls issued between January 3 and May 25, 1121.
Death. 1122 , (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(15) 15.ALBERICO (?-ca. 1092)
Birth. (No date or place found).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Sabina in a consistory celebrated in 1088.
Death. Ca. 1092, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(16) 16.GENTILI, Paolo (?-shortly after 1106)
Birth. (No date found), Lucca. He is also listed as Paulus Gentilis.
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Sisto in a consistory celebrated in 1088. Opted for another title in 1099. Legate in the Orient several times. Attended the Council of Gastalla in 1106.
Death. Shortly after 1106, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(17) 17.BENEDETTO (?-1118)
Birth. (No date or place found).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest in a consistory celebrated in 1088 (?); his title is not known with certainty but perhaps it was S. Pietro in Vincoli. Subscribed a papal bull issued in 1092 in favor of the monastery of La Cava. He may have been legate in France in the pontificate of Pope Paschal II; presided over the Council of Poitiers and renewed the excommunication against King Philippe I of France; the excommunication for adultery had been originally issued by Cardinal Hugues, also a legate, in the Council of Autun in 1094. Participated in thepapal election of 1118, in which Pope Gelasius II was elected pope.
Death. After the election of Gelasius II on January 24, 1118, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(18) 18.RANGONE, Landolfo (?-1119)
Birth. (No date found), Modena. He is also listed as Landolfo only; and as Landulphi.
Education. " ... fornito di eccellenti talenti, di virtù e di cristiana pietà ... '
Cardinalate. Created cardinal priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina in a consistory celebrated ca. 1088 . Subscribed papal bulls issued between November 2, 1106 and September 1, 1107. He was with the pope in France in 1107; on February 24, in Langres; on June 6, in Souvigny; on July 14, in Le Puy; later in that same month, in Valence; and on July 25, in theCella S. Marcelli in Valence. After returning from France, he went with the papal court to Modena on September 1, 1107.
Episcopate. Elected archbishop of Benevento on November 8, 1108. Consecrated (no information found). Attended the Lateran Synod in March 1112; he wrote to the synod on March 23. Subscribed papal bulls issued between January 2 and February 15, 1113, in Benevento In 1114, he had a disagreement with the pope. They reconciled and he subscribed papal bulls issued on August 11, 1116 and April 20, 1117, in Benevento. It is not known if he participated in any of the papal elections celebrated during his cardinalate.
Death. August 4, 1119, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(19) 19.GAETA, O.S.B.Cas., Giovanni da (1060/1064-1119)
Birth. Between 1060 and September 1064, Gaeta. Of a noble family from Campania. Son of Giovanni Coniuolo, who had died by 1068 ; his mother and uncle took care of his early education, teaching him to read, write and familiarizing him with literary works; at that young age he was destined to a clerical life in the church. He is also listed as Giovanni Caetani; as Giovanni Caetani Crescenzi; and his last name is also listed as Caieta; as Caietanus; and as Gaetani.
Education. As a boy (puer oblatus), he studied at the monastery of Montecassino; later, he entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines) at that monastery, during the abbacy of Dauferio di Montecassino, future Pope Victor III; studied there under Alberico da Montecassino, O.S.B., author of note, from whom he received his formation in liberal arts and who was a great stylistic influence in Giovanni's writings.
Early life. He received the minor orders, and later, not before 1074-1075, the subdiaconate. Between 1074-1075 and August 1088, he composed his first literary works;Vita di Erasmo d'Antiochia, written for his uncles;Vita di Eustachio, written for a monk of Montecassino by the name of Atenulfo; andVita di Ippolito, for Roffredo, probably the archbishop of Benevento. He was introduced to the Apostolic Chancery asscrittore by Pope Victor III in 1086. Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church,pro tempore, in August 1088; named chancellor permanently in 1089. In 1088, in Montecassino, he participated in the correction of the transcription of theRegistro of Pope Giovanni VIII and, probably, in that of Pope Leo I.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin (S. Maria Schola Græca) before September 1088 . Subscribed, as chancellor, papal bulls issued between August 1088 and May 1099. Subscribed a papal bull issued in July 1107. He shared Pope Paschal II's imprisonment by Emperor Heinrich V in February to April 1111. He signed the papal document issued by Pope Paschal II granting the right of investiture to the emperor. At the Lateran synod of 1116, he decidedly defended the pope against those who criticized his capitulation on the investitures. Participated in thepapal election of 1118 and was elected pope.
Papacy. Elected pope on January 24, 1118, in S. Maria in Pallara, on the Palatine, Rome. Took the name Gelasius II. He was consecrated on March 10, 1118, in Gaeta. He created three cardinals intwo consistories.
Death. January 29, 1119, monastery of Cluny . Buried in the abbatial church of Cluny.
(20) 20.GREGORIO, O.S.B. (?-ca. 1099)
Birth. (No date or place found).
Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines).
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Abbot of the monastery of S. Benedetto di Subiaco.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio in a consistory celebrated in 1088 . Opted for the deaconry of S. Maria in Via Lata in 1088.
Death. Ca. 1099, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(21) 21.GREGORIO (?-1099)
Birth. (No date or place found).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Eustachio in a consistory celebrated in 1088 . Subscribed papal bulls issued in February 1095 and March 1096.
Death. 1099, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(22) 22.PAPARESCHI,seniore, Can. Reg. Lat., Gregorio (last quarter of the XI century-1143)
Birth. Last quarter of the XI century,rione Trastevere, Rome. Of a patrician family. Son of Giovanni Papareschi. Uncle of CardinalGregorio Papareschi,iuniore (1134). His last name is also listed as de Papa; as del Papa; and as Paparone.
Education. Joined the Canons Regular of the Lateran, then guided by S. Frediano di Lucca.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in a consistory celebrated ca. 1088; his deaconry is not known. Subscribed papal bulls issued in February 1095 and March 1096. Legate in Pavia in 1116. Opted for the deaconry of S. Angelo in Pescheria in 1116. Subscribed papal bulls issued between May 24 and December 22, 1116. Participated in thepapal election of 1118, in which Pope Gelasius II was elected. Went to France with Pope Gelasius II. Participated in thepapal election of 1119, in which Pope Callistus II was elected. Subscribed papal bulls issued between June 18, 1119 and April 15, 1123. He was with the papal entourageon on June 18, 1119, in Saint-Gilles; on July 14 and 15, in Toulouse; on September 24, in Tours; on November 1, in Reims; and later in November, in Beauvais; on January 5, 1120, in Cluny; on February 27 in Valence; on May 14, in Pisa; on May 21, in Volterra; in October, in Benevento; on December 1 in Capua; and on April 17, 1121, in the Lateran palace in Rome. In August 1122, he was at the monastery of Würzburg for the consecration of a bishop. Together with Cardinals Lamberto of Ostia and Sasso of S. Stefano al Monte Celio, from September 8 to 23, 1122, he helped to negotiate the Concordat of Worms with Emperor Heinrich V; while the other two cardinals stayed with the emperor, he rushed back to Rome. In April 1123, he participated in the negotiations held at the Lateran between Pisa and Genoa. On July 8, 1123, he attended the consecration of the oratory of S. Crisogono in Rome. Legate in France, together with Cardinal Pietro Pierleoni, in 1123; he was in Séez on October 27; in January 1124, he was in Limoges; on March 12, he held a synod at Chartres; later, he went to Morigny, Châlons and Reims; he reached Noyon on June 28, 1124; and finally, he went to Beauvais and Saint-Denis. Participated in thepapal election of 1124, in which Pope Honorius II was elected; as cardinal protodeacon, he crowned the new pope. Legate in Germany in 1124. He remained in Rome from May 1125 until 1130. Subscribed papal bulls issued between April 2, 1125 and April 10, 1129. Participated in thepapal election of 1130 and was elected pope .
Papacy. Elected pope on February 14, 1130. Took the name Innocent II. Ordained priest on February 22, 1130. Consecrated bishop of Rome on February 23, 1130, in the church of S. Maria Nuova, Rome, by Cardinal Giovanni, O.S.B.Cam., bishop of Ostia. Crowned by Cardinal Romano, deacon of S. Maria in Portico. Created seventy three cardinals intwelve consistories.
Death. September 24, 1143, Rome. Buried in the church of S. Maria in Trastevere, Rome.
(23) 23.RANIERO (?-ca. 1099)
Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Ranieri.
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro in a consistory celebrated in 1088. Legate of Pope Urban II in the Council of Toulouse in 1090.
Death. Ca. 1099, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(24) 24.COSMA (?-ca. 1136)
Birth. (No date found), Milan. He is also listed as Conte; as Comes; and as Comte.
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Aquiro in a consistory celebrated in 1088 . Legate in Ventimiglia. Subscribed papal bulls issued between December 1116 and April 12, 1118. On April 12, 1118, he was in Capua with the papal entourage. Participated in thepapal election of 1118, in which Pope Gelasius II was elected. In Rome, in March 1119, together with other cardinals, he ratified the election of Pope Callistus II, which had taken place in Cluny. On March 12, 1123, he was in Speyer with Emperor Heinrich V. Subscribed papal bulls issued between April 6 and September 11, 1123. On September 11, 1123, he was in Benevento with the papal entourage. Participated in thepapal election of 1124, in which Pope Honorius II was elected. Opted for the order of cardinal priests and the title of S. Sabina in 1125. Before September 29, 1125, he was named lega to Pisa and Genoa. Participated in theelection of Antipope Anacletus II in February 1130. Sent as legate to crown King Rogerio II of Sicily; the ceremony took place on December 25, 1130, in Palermo. He made his submission to the legitimate pope, who reinstated him to his cardinalitial dignity and title on May 29, 1138 together with the other cardinals who had followed the antipope. At the II Lateran Council, April 1139, the pope reversed his decision and deposed him and the other cardinals. For this, he was strongly criticized by Bernard de Clairvaux.
Death. After April 1139 , (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(25) 25.GIOVANNI, O.S.B. (?-1117)
Birth. (No date found), Sabina. Of the family of the counts of Sabina. Son of Giovanni Ottonis (or Oddonis). He had several brothers, among them Ottaviano Giovanni, Ottone and Rainero. He is also listed as Giovanni di Subiaco.
Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines) at the monastery of S. Maria di Farfa.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Elected 22nd abbot of the monastery of S. Benedetto di Subiaco on December 11, 1065 , at the instigation of Archdeacon Ildebrando, future Pope Gregory VII .Levita at the Sacred Palace.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Maria in Domnica in a consistory celebrated in 1088 . After the spring of 1084, he joined the obedience of Antipope Clement III, together with all the other cardinal deacons. Became archdeacon of the Holy Roman Church (protoprete) after October 18, 1099, when Archdeacon Teodino, O.S.B.Cas., died. He appears as archdeacon in a private document in the pontificate of Pope Paschal II. He was present in Subiaco on August 28, 1109, when the pope visted the monastery. Attended the Lateran Synod, March 23, 1112, as archdeacon. Subscribed a papal bull for the last time on April 11, 1114.
Death. May 2, 1117, in the 52nd year of his government as abbot of Subiaco, (no place found) . Buried (no information found).
(26) 26.PAGANO (?-1101)
Birth. (No date or place found).
Education. (No information found).
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of S. Maria Nuova in a consistory celebrated in 1088 or later . He was legate in Brescello on November 12, 1099; and in Florence in 1100. Subscribed papal bulls issued between August 30 and November 20, 1100 . On March 29, 1101, in Guastalla, he addressed a document to Countess Mathilde. On May 14, 1001, he was legate in San Benedetto Po.
Death. 1101, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(27) 27.LEONE, O.S.B.Cas. (?-1116)
Birth. (No date or place found). Of the counts of Marsi. He is also listed as Leone de' Marsi and as Leo Marsicanus
Education. Entered the Order of Saint Benedict (Benedictines) at the monastery of Monte Cassino. He was remarkable for his literary talents and his eloquence.
Priesthood. Ordained (no further information found). Librarian and dean of the monastery of Monte Cassino.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon of Ss. Vito e Modesto in a consistory celebrated in 1088 . Subscribed papal bulls issued on March 24, 1116. He wrote the register of Pope Urban II.
Episcopate. Opted for the order of cardinal bishops and the suburbicarian see of Ostia in 1101; it seems that he had the administration of the suburbicarian see of Velletri. Attended the Council of Guastalla in 1106. He participated in the negotiations of the Ponte Mammolo agreement of April 14, 1111 with the emperor, by which the pope obtained the release of himself and most of the Roman clergy from captivity. Attended the Lateran Synod on March 23, 1112. Subscribed papal bulls issued on May 11, 1112; on June 19, 1112; between February 13, 1113 and July 5, 1114; and on March 24, 1116; he also subscribed three documents without mentioning his deaconry. On October 15, 1112, he consecrated the main altar of the basilica of S. Lorenzo in Lucina. He wrote three volumes of the "Chronicles of Monte Cassino" .
Death. 1116, (no place found). Buried (no information found).
(28) 28.AZONE (?-?)
Birth. (No date or place found). He is also listed as Azon.
Education. (No information found).
Early life. He was an apostolic subdeacon.
Cardinalate. Created cardinal deacon in a consistory celebrated in in 1088; his deaconry is not known. Attended the Council of Guastalla in 1106. Subscribed papal bulls for the monastery of Monte Cassino and for the church of Salerno.
Death. (No date or place found). Buried (no information found).