Budući da osteokalcin imagla-domen, njegova sinteza zavisi odvitamina K. Kod ljudi, osteokalcin kodiragenBGLA.[7][8] Njegovi receptori uključujuGPRC6A,GPR158 i, možda, treći receptor koji tek treba identificirati.[9][10]
U mišićima djeluje namiocite, promovirajući dostupnost i korištenje energije i na taj način favorizira sposobnost vježbanja i drugih fizičkih napora.[13]
U mozgu, osteokalcin ima važnu ulogu u njegovom razvoju i funkcioniranju.[15]
Akutni odgovor nastres, kolokvijalno poznat kao reakcija borba ili bijeg, stimulira oslobađanje osteokalcina iz kostiju: za nekoliko minuta kodmiševa,pacova i ljudi. Injekcije sa visokom razinom osteokalcina same mogu pokrenuti ASR u slučajunadbubrežne insuficijencije.[16]
Upotreba kao biohemijskog markera formiranosti kosti
Kako osteoblasti proizvode osteokalcin, on se često koristi kao marker zaproces formiranja kostiju. Primijećeno je da su više razine osteokalcina u serumu relativno dobro povezani sa porastommineralne gustine kosti, tokom liječenja anaboličkim lijekovima za stvaranje kostiju u slučajuosteoporoze, kao što jeteriparatid. U mnogim studijama osteokalcin se koristi kao preliminarnibiomarker efikasnosti datog lijeka na stvaranje kostiju. Naprimjer, jedno istraživanje, koje je imalo za cilj proučavanje efikasnostiglikoproteina zvanoglaktoferin na stvaranje kostiju, koristilo je osteokalcin kao mjeru aktivnosti osteoblasta.[17]
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