ArFrançafrique, en darempredoù etrebroadel, eokelc'h levezonBro-C'hall enAfrika issahara e tiriadoù bet trevadennoùgall, hag ivezbelgiat[9]. Ar ger zo deuet diwar an droiennFrance-Afrique a oa bet implijet en un doare politikel hag ofisiel e 1955 gant kentañ prezidantAod an Olifant,Félix Houphouët-Boigny, evit deskrivañ al liammoù start etre e vro ha Bro-C'hall[1]. Goude-se e voe adkemeret an droienn met en un doare flemmus[7] gantFrançois-Xavier Verschave e 1998 evit sevel a-enep argoubrenerezh hag an obererezhioù kuzh a veze sevenet etre Bro-C'hall hag Afrika, war an tachennoù ekonomikel, poltikel ha milourel pe damsoudardel. Talvoudegezh an droienn a oa deuet da vezañ negativel a-benn neuze, rak diskuliañ a rae anneveztrevadennerezh gall[1].
↑1,01,1 ha1,2Bovcon, Maja (2011). "Françafrique and regime theory".European Journal of International Relations19 (1): 5–26.DOI:10.1177/1354066111413309
↑Whiteman, Kaye (1997). "The Man Who Ran Françafrique".The National Interest49 (49): 92–99
↑Taylor, Ian (2010-04-01). "Effronterie Magnifique: BetweenLa Rupture andRealpolitik in Franco-African relations",The International Relations of Sub-Saharan Africa. A&C Black. 51–68 p.ISBN 9780826434012. “It seems now apparent that the very concept ofla Francafrique when it to pertains to a form of gross dependency on France by African elites is now unattractive. But conversely, when it facilitates the benefits that may be accrued from parts of Africa being within the French sphere of influence, or the continuation of the exploitation of the continent's raw materials, then close ties between Paris and African capitals is desirable.”
↑Sarkozy aid 'comes clean' on murky African diplomacy (12 September 2011). “Foccart, who helped de Gaulle maintain France's sphere of influence over its former colonies after the fires of independence spread across Africa in the 1960s, took Bourgi under his wing.”
↑Steven Erlanger (12 September 2011). "Rwandan Leader, in Paris, Seeks to Ease Tensions". "France's relationship with its former African colonies is known as "Françafrique," which is commonly mocked as "France à fric," since "fric" is slang for money."
↑Lott, Gaia (2018). "On the margins of the Françafrique: Franco-Burundian and Franco-Rwandan bonds from an historical perspective".African Affairs117 (468): 347–369.DOI:10.1093/afraf/ady013
