Topical Encyclopedia
The burial of Jesus Christ is a significant event in the New Testament, marking the transition between His crucifixion and resurrection. This event is recorded in all four Gospels, each providing unique details that contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the burial process and its theological implications.
Scriptural Accounts1.
Matthew 27:57-61: "When it was evening, there came a rich man from Arimathea, named Joseph, who himself had also become a disciple of Jesus. He went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. Then Pilate ordered that it be given to him. So Joseph took the body, wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, and placed it in his own new tomb that he had cut out of the rock. Then he rolled a great stone across the entrance of the tomb and went away. Mary Magdalene and the other Mary were sitting there opposite the tomb."
2.
Mark 15:42-47: Mark provides additional details, noting that Joseph of Arimathea was a respected member of the Council who was also waiting for the kingdom of God. He boldly approached Pilate to request Jesus' body. After confirming Jesus' death with the centurion, Pilate granted the request. Joseph wrapped Jesus in linen, laid Him in a tomb hewn from rock, and rolled a stone against the entrance. Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses observed where He was laid.
3.
Luke 23:50-56: Luke emphasizes Joseph's righteousness and his dissent from the Council's decision. Joseph laid Jesus in a tomb where no one had yet been laid. The women who had come with Jesus from Galilee followed and saw the tomb and how His body was laid. They returned to prepare spices and perfumes, resting on the Sabbath according to the commandment.
4.
John 19:38-42: John adds the involvement of Nicodemus, who brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds. Together, they wrapped Jesus' body with the spices in strips of linen, according to Jewish burial customs. The tomb was in a garden near the crucifixion site, and because it was the Jewish day of Preparation, they laid Jesus there.
Theological SignificanceThe burial of Jesus fulfills Old Testament prophecies, such as
Isaiah 53:9, which foretells that the Messiah would be with the rich in His death. Joseph of Arimathea's role as a wealthy man who provides his own tomb aligns with this prophecy, underscoring the divine orchestration of events surrounding Jesus' death and burial.
The burial also serves as a testament to the reality of Jesus' death. The involvement of multiple witnesses, including Roman authorities, Jewish leaders, and Jesus' followers, confirms that Jesus truly died and was buried. This counters any claims that Jesus merely swooned or that His resurrection was a spiritual rather than a physical event.
Furthermore, the burial sets the stage for the resurrection. The sealed tomb, guarded by Roman soldiers (
Matthew 27:62-66), highlights the miraculous nature of the resurrection. The empty tomb becomes a powerful symbol of victory over death and the promise of eternal life for believers.
Cultural and Historical ContextJewish burial customs of the time involved wrapping the body in linen and using spices to honor the deceased and mitigate the odor of decay. The use of a new tomb, carved from rock, indicates a burial of honor and respect, typically reserved for the wealthy or prominent individuals. The rolling of a large stone to seal the tomb was a common practice to protect the body from animals and grave robbers.
The involvement of Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, both members of the Jewish ruling council, illustrates the diverse responses to Jesus within Jewish society. Their actions demonstrate courage and devotion, as they risked their reputations and positions to care for Jesus' body.
ConclusionThe burial of Jesus is a pivotal moment in the Gospel narratives, rich with theological meaning and historical detail. It affirms the reality of Jesus' death, fulfills prophecy, and prepares the way for the resurrection, which is central to the Christian faith.
