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Topical Encyclopedia

Definition and Etymology:
Transgression, in biblical terms, refers to the act of violating a command or law, particularly the divine law set forth by God. The term is derived from the Latin "transgressio," meaning "a going across" or "a stepping over," which implies crossing a boundary or limit. In Hebrew, the word often translated as "transgression" is "pesha," which conveys the idea of rebellion or revolt against God's authority. In Greek, the term "parabasis" is used, indicating a deviation from the path or a breach of law.

Biblical Context:
Transgression is a central theme in the Bible, illustrating humanity's tendency to deviate from God's commandments and the resulting consequences. It is often used interchangeably with sin, though it specifically emphasizes the aspect of willful disobedience or rebellion against God's law.

Old Testament References:
The concept of transgression is prevalent throughout the Old Testament. InGenesis 31:36, Jacob confronts Laban, asking, "What is my transgression? What is my sin, that you have hotly pursued me?" Here, transgression is associated with an accusation of wrongdoing. InPsalm 32:1, David writes, "Blessed is he whose transgressions are forgiven, whose sins are covered." This verse highlights the blessedness of divine forgiveness for those who have transgressed.

The prophets frequently addressed the transgressions of Israel, calling the nation to repentance.Isaiah 53:5 prophesies about the suffering servant, stating, "But He was pierced for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we are healed." This passage underscores the redemptive work of the Messiah in bearing the consequences of human transgression.

New Testament References:
In the New Testament, transgression continues to be a significant theme, particularly in the writings of Paul.Romans 4:15 states, "For the law brings wrath, because where there is no law, there is no transgression." This highlights the relationship between the law and transgression, indicating that the law defines the boundaries which, when crossed, constitute transgression.

Galatians 3:19 asks, "Why then was the law given? It was added because of transgressions until the arrival of the Seed to whom the promise referred." Here, Paul explains that the law was given to reveal transgressions and to point to the need for a Savior.

Theological Significance:
Transgression is not merely a legalistic breach but a relational rupture between humanity and God. It signifies a conscious decision to go against God's will, resulting in spiritual and moral consequences. The Bible teaches that transgression leads to separation from God, as seen inIsaiah 59:2: "But your iniquities have separated you from your God; your sins have hidden His face from you, so that He will not hear."

However, the Bible also emphasizes God's provision for dealing with transgression through repentance and forgiveness. In 1John 1:9, believers are assured, "If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness." This promise of forgiveness is made possible through the atoning sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who bore the penalty for transgressions on the cross.

Practical Implications:
Understanding transgression is crucial for believers as it calls for self-examination and a commitment to live in obedience to God's commandments. It serves as a reminder of the seriousness of sin and the need for continual repentance and reliance on God's grace. The awareness of transgression should lead to a deeper appreciation of the redemptive work of Christ and a life dedicated to holiness and righteousness.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

(n.) The act of transgressing, or of passing over or beyond any law, civil or moral; the violation of a law or known principle of rectitude; breach of command; fault; offense; crime; sin.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

TRANSGRESSION

trans-gresh'-un: From "transgress," to pass over or beyond; to overpass, as any rule prescribed as the limit of duty; to break or violate, as a law, civil or moral; the act of transgressing; the violation of a law or known principle of rectitude; breach of command; offense; crime; sin. In the Old Testament pesha`, occurs 80 times, rendered in all versions by "transgression." Its meaning is "rebellion"; see REBELLION. The word "rebellion" differs from this word in that it may be in the heart, though no opportunity should be granted for its manifestation: "An evil man seeketh only rebellion" (Proverbs 17:11). Here the wise man contemplates an evil heart, looking for an excuse or opportunity to rebel.

The New Testament uses parabasis, "trespass": "The law.... was added because of transgressions" (Galatians 3:19); "Where there is no law, neither is there transgression" (Romans 4:15); "for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first covenant" (Hebrews 9:15).

David Roberts Dungan

Greek

3847. parabasis -- a going aside, atransgression
... a going aside, atransgression. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration:
parabasis Phonetic Spelling: (par-ab'-as-is) Short Definition: atransgression...

3892. paranomia -- lawbreaking
... lawbreaking. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: paranomia Phonetic
Spelling: (par-an-om-ee'-ah) Short Definition: atransgression Definition: a...

3900. paraptoma -- a false step, a trespass
... Word Origin from parapipto Definition a false step, a trespass NASB Word Usage
transgression (7), transgressions (9), trespass (1), trespasses (3)....

458. anomia -- lawlessness
... Word Origin from anomos Definition lawlessness NASB Word Usage lawless deed (1),
lawless deeds (2), lawlessness (12). iniquity,transgression, unrighteousness....

Strong's Hebrew

6588. pesha --transgression
... pesha. 6589 .transgression. Transliteration: pesha Phonetic Spelling: (peh'-shah)
Short Definition: transgressions.... rebellion, sin,transgression, trespass....

4604. maal -- an unfaithful or treacherous act
... falsehood, grievously, sore,transgression, trespass, very. From ma'al; treachery,
ie Sin -- falsehood, grievously, sore,transgression, trespass, X very....

6586. pasha -- to rebel, transgress
... 1), offended (1), rebel (1), rebelled (6), rebellion (1), revolted (7), transgress
(3), transgressed (10), transgressing (1),transgression (1), transgressors...

7684. shegagah -- sin of error or inadvertance
... error, ignorance, at unawares, unwittingly. From shagag; a mistake or inadvertent
transgression -- error, ignorance, at unawares; unwittingly. see HEBREW shagag...

Library

WhetherTransgression is a Special Sin?
... OF THE QUASI-INTEGRAL PARTS OF JUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES) Whethertransgression
is a special sin? Objection 1: It would seem thattransgression...

Results ofTransgression
... From Strength to Weakness Chapter 4 Results ofTransgression. Prominent
among the primary causes that led Solomon into extravagance...

Are allTransgression of the Law Equally Heinous?
... Question 83: Are alltransgression of the law equally heinous? A83: Some
sins in themselves, and by reason of several aggravations...

How, Upon Saul'sTransgression of the Prophet's Commands, Samuel...
... CHAPTER 8. How, Upon Saul'sTransgression Of The Prophet's Commands, Samuel Ordained
Another Person To Be King Privately, Whose Name Was David, As God...

That Man'sTransgression did not Annul the Blessing of Fecundity...
... Chapter 21."That Man'sTransgression Did Not Annul the Blessing of Fecundity Pronounced
Upon Man Before He Sinned But Infected It with the Disease of Lust....

Whether a Sin of Omission is More Grievous than a Sin of...
... OF THE QUASI-INTEGRAL PARTS OF JUSTICE (FOUR ARTICLES) Whether a sin of omission
is more grievous than a sin oftransgression? Objection...

Did all Mankind Fall in Adam's FirstTransgression?
... Question 16: Did all mankind fall in Adam's firsttransgression? A16: The
covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but...

Did all Mankind Fall in that FirstTransgression?
... Question 22: Did all mankind fall in that firsttransgression? Answer:
The covenant being made with Adam as a public person, not...

What Does God Require of Us, that we May Escape his Wrath and...
... Question 153: What does God require of us, that we may escape his wrath and
curse due to us by reason of thetransgression of the law?...

Of the Greatness of the FirstTransgression, on Account of which...
... Chapter 12."Of the Greatness of the FirstTransgression, on Account of Which Eternal
Punishment is Due to All Who are Not Within the Pale of the Saviour's...

Thesaurus

Transgression (70 Occurrences)
...TRANSGRESSION.... In the Old Testament pesha`, occurs 80 times, rendered in all versions
by "transgression." Its meaning is "rebellion"; see REBELLION....

Individual (12 Occurrences)
... (WEY). Romans 5:15 But God's free gift immeasurably outweighs thetransgression.
For if through thetransgression of the one individual...

Lovingkindness (176 Occurrences)
... Version "plenteous in mercy")"; (34:7) "keeping lovingkindness (the English Revised
Version "mercy") for thousands, forgiving iniquity andtransgression and sin...

Guilt (180 Occurrences)
... responsibility, his motive, his blame. It is that of a rule and the
transgression of it, which must be made good. For this reason we...

Eve (5 Occurrences)
... was first formed, then Eve." She is inferior in character, for "Adam was not beguiled,
but the woman being beguiled hath fallen intotransgression." See CHILD...

Violation (6 Occurrences)
... Noah Webster's Dictionary 1. (n.) Infringement;transgression; nonobservance;
as, a violation of law, of covenants, promises, etc....

Outweighs (3 Occurrences)
... Multi-Version Concordance Outweighs (3 Occurrences). Romans 5:15 But God's
free gift immeasurably outweighs thetransgression. For...

Oh (164 Occurrences)
... Genesis 50:17 Thus shall ye speak to Joseph: Oh forgive, I pray thee, thetransgression
of thy brethren, and their sin! for they did evil to thee....

Generosity (6 Occurrences)
... Or are you envious because I am generous?' (See RSV). Romans 5:15 But God's
free gift immeasurably outweighs thetransgression. For...

Weepeth (29 Occurrences)
... Genesis 50:17 Thus ye do say to Joseph, I pray thee, bear, I pray thee, with the
transgression of thy brethren, and their sin, for they have done thee evil...

Resources

What is the difference between iniquity, sin, and transgression? | GotQuestions.org

Does the Bible teach mortal and venial sin? | GotQuestions.org

Why did Isa/Jesus have to die? | GotQuestions.org

Transgression: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com

Bible Concordance •Bible Dictionary •Bible Encyclopedia •Topical Bible •Bible Thesuarus

Concordance

Transgression (70 Occurrences)

Acts 1:25
That he may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas bytransgression fell, that he might go to his own place.
(KJV WEY WBS YLT)

Romans 2:23
thou who gloriest in the law, through thytransgression of the law dishonorest thou God?
(ASV DBY YLT)

Romans 4:15
Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, there is notransgression.
(KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV NIV)

Romans 5:14
Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam'stransgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.
(KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV)

Romans 5:15
But God's free gift immeasurably outweighs thetransgression. For if through the transgression of the one individual the mass of mankind have died, infinitely greater is the generosity with which God's grace, and the gift given in His grace which found expression in the one man Jesus Christ, have been bestowed on the mass of mankind.
(WEY NAS)

Romans 5:16
And it is not with the gift as it was with the results of one individual's sin; for the judgement which one individual provoked resulted in condemnation, whereas the free gift after a multitude of transgressions results in acquittal.
(Root in WEY NAS)

Romans 5:17
For if, through thetransgression of the one individual, Death made use of the one individual to seize the sovereignty, all the more shall those who receive God's overflowing grace and gift of righteousness reign as kings in Life through the one individual, Jesus Christ.
(WEY NAS)

Romans 5:18
It follows then that just as the result of a singletransgression is a condemnation which extends to the whole race, so also the result of a single decree of righteousness is a life-giving acquittal which extends to the whole race.
(WEY NAS)

Romans 5:20
Now Law was brought in later on, so thattransgression might increase. But where sin increased, grace has overflowed;
(WEY NAS)

Romans 11:11
I ask then, did they stumble that they might fall? May it never be! But by their fall salvation has come to the Gentiles, to provoke them to jealousy.
(See NAS NIV)

Romans 11:12
Now if their fall is the riches of the world, and their loss the riches of the Gentiles; how much more their fullness?
(See NAS NIV)

1 Timothy 2:14
And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in thetransgression.
(KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS)

Hebrews 2:2
For if the word spoken through angels proved steadfast, and everytransgression and disobedience received a just recompense;
(WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

2 Peter 2:16
But he was rebuked for histransgression: a dumb ass spoke with a human voice and checked the madness of the Prophet.
(WEY ASV NAS RSV)

1 John 3:4
Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is thetransgression of the law.
(KJV WBS)

Genesis 31:36
And it is displeasing to Jacob, and he striveth with Laban; and Jacob answereth and saith to Laban, 'What 'is' mytransgression? what my sin, that thou hast burned after me?
(YLT NAS)

Genesis 50:17
So shall ye say unto Joseph, Forgive, I pray thee now, the transgression of thy brethren, and their sin, for that they did unto thee evil. And now, we pray thee, forgive the transgression of the servants of the God of thy father. And Joseph wept when they spake unto him.
(See JPS ASV DBY YLT NAS RSV)

Exodus 22:9
for every matter oftransgression, for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, for any lost thing of which it is said that it is his; unto God cometh the matter of them both; he whom God doth condemn, he repayeth double to his neighbour.
(YLT)

Exodus 23:21
Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him.
(Root in KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Exodus 34:7
Keeping mercy for thousands, forgiving iniquity andtransgression and sin, and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children, unto the third and to the fourth generation.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Numbers 14:18
The LORD is long-suffering, and of great mercy, forgiving iniquity andtransgression, and by no means clearing the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Joshua 22:22
The LORD God of gods, the LORD God of gods, he knoweth, and Israel he shall know; if it be in rebellion, or if intransgression against the LORD, (save us not this day,)
(KJV WBS)

Joshua 24:19
And Joshua said unto the people, Ye cannot serve the LORD: for he is an holy God; he is a jealous God; he will not forgive your transgressions nor your sins.
(Root in KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

1 Samuel 24:11
Moreover, my father, see, yea, see the skirt of thy robe in my hand: for in that I cut off the skirt of thy robe, and killed thee not, know thou and see that there is neither evil nortransgression in mine hand, and I have not sinned against thee; yet thou huntest my soul to take it.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT)

1 Samuel 25:28
I pray thee, forgive thetransgression of thy handmaid: for Jehovah will certainly make my lord a lasting house; because my lord fights the battles of Jehovah, and evil has not been found in thee all thy days.
(DBY YLT NAS)

1 Chronicles 9:1
So all Israel were reckoned by genealogies; and, behold, they were written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah, who were carried away to Babylon for theirtransgression.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS)

1 Chronicles 10:13
So Saul died for histransgression which he committed against the LORD, even against the word of the LORD, which he kept not, and also for asking counsel of one that had a familiar spirit, to enquire of it;
(KJV JPS WBS)

2 Chronicles 29:19
Moreover all the vessels, which king Ahaz in his reign did cast away in histransgression, have we prepared and sanctified, and, behold, they are before the altar of the LORD.
(KJV DBY WBS)

2 Chronicles 33:19
His prayer also, and how God was entreated of him, and all his sin and his trespass, and the places wherein he built high places, and set up the Asherim and the graven images, before he humbled himself: behold, they are written in the history of Hozai.
(See JPS)

Ezra 9:4
Then were assembled unto me every one that trembled at the words of the God of Israel, because of thetransgression of those that had been carried away; and I sat astonied until the evening sacrifice.
(KJV WBS)

Ezra 10:6
Then Ezra rose up from before the house of God, and went into the chamber of Johanan the son of Eliashib: and when he came thither, he did eat no bread, nor drink water: for he mourned because of thetransgression of them that had been carried away.
(KJV WBS)

Job 7:21
And why dost thou not pardon mytransgression, and take away my iniquity? for now shall I sleep in the dust; and thou shalt seek me in the morning, but I shall not be.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Job 8:4
If thy children have sinned against him, and he have cast them away for theirtransgression;
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Job 13:23
How many are mine iniquities and sins? make me to know mytransgression and my sin.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV)

Job 14:17
Mytransgression is sealed up in a bag, and thou sewest up mine iniquity.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Job 33:9
I am clean withouttransgression, I am innocent; neither is there iniquity in me.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Job 34:6
Should I lie against my right? my wound is incurable withouttransgression.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Job 34:37
For he doth add to his sin,Transgression among us he vomiteth, And multiplieth his sayings to God.
(YLT)

Job 35:15
But now, because he has not visited in his anger, neither does he greatly regard arrogance.
(See NAS RSV)

Psalms 19:13
Keep back your servant also from presumptuous sins. Let them not have dominion over me. Then I will be upright. I will be blameless and innocent of greattransgression.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Psalms 32:1
Blessed is he whosetransgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Psalms 36:1
Thetransgression of the wicked saith within my heart, that there is no fear of God before his eyes.
(KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Psalms 59:3
For, lo, they lie in wait for my soul: the mighty are gathered against me; not for mytransgression, nor for my sin, O LORD.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Psalms 89:32
Then will I visit theirtransgression with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Psalms 107:17
Fools because of theirtransgression, and because of their iniquities, are afflicted.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT)

Proverbs 10:19
In the multitude of words there wanteth not transgression; But he that refraineth his lips doeth wisely.
(See JPS ASV DBY YLT NAS RSV)

Proverbs 11:23
The desire of the righteous 'is' only good, The hope of the wicked 'is'transgression.
(YLT)

Proverbs 12:13
The wicked is snared by thetransgression of his lips: but the just shall come out of trouble.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Proverbs 17:9
He that covereth atransgression seeketh love; but he that repeateth a matter separateth very friends.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS)

Proverbs 17:19
He lovethtransgression that loveth strife: and he that exalteth his gate seeketh destruction.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Proverbs 19:11
The discretion of a man deferreth his anger; and it is his glory to pass over atransgression.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS)

Proverbs 28:2
For thetransgression of a land many are the princes thereof: but by a man of understanding and knowledge the state thereof shall be prolonged.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS)

Proverbs 28:24
Whoso robbeth his father or his mother, and saith, It is notransgression; the same is the companion of a destroyer.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Proverbs 29:6
In thetransgression of an evil man there is a snare: but the righteous doth sing and rejoice.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Proverbs 29:16
When the wicked are multiplied,transgression increaseth: but the righteous shall see their fall.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Proverbs 29:22
An angry man stirreth up strife, and a furious man aboundeth intransgression.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Isaiah 24:20
The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard, and shall be removed like a cottage; and thetransgression thereof shall be heavy upon it; and it shall fall, and not rise again.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Isaiah 53:5
But he was pierced for our transgressions. He was crushed for our iniquities. The punishment that brought our peace was on him; and by his wounds we are healed.
(Root in WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Isaiah 53:8
He was taken from prison and from judgment: and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for thetransgression of my people was he stricken.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Isaiah 57:4
Against whom do ye sport yourselves? against whom make ye a wide mouth, and draw out the tongue? are ye not children oftransgression, a seed of falsehood.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV)

Isaiah 58:1
Cry aloud, spare not, lift up thy voice like a trumpet, and shew my people theirtransgression, and the house of Jacob their sins.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Isaiah 59:20
And the Redeemer shall come to Zion, and unto them that turn fromtransgression in Jacob, saith the LORD.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Daniel 8:12
And an host was given him against the daily sacrifice by reason oftransgression, and it cast down the truth to the ground; and it practised, and prospered.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Daniel 8:13
Then I heard one saint speaking, and another saint said unto that certain saint which spake, How long shall be the vision concerning the daily sacrifice, and thetransgression of desolation, to give both the sanctuary and the host to be trodden under foot?
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Daniel 8:23
And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance, and understanding dark sentences, shall stand up.
(See JPS)

Daniel 9:24
Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish thetransgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Amos 4:4
Come to Bethel, and transgress; at Gilgal multiplytransgression; and bring your sacrifices every morning, and your tithes after three years:
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Micah 1:5
For thetransgression of Jacob is all this, and for the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? is it not Samaria? and what are the high places of Judah? are they not Jerusalem?
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV NIV)

Micah 3:8
But truly I am full of power by the spirit of the LORD, and of judgment, and of might, to declare unto Jacob histransgression, and to Israel his sin.
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV NIV)

Micah 6:7
Will the LORD be pleased with thousands of rams, or with ten thousands of rivers of oil? shall I give my firstborn for mytransgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?
(KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT RSV NIV)

Subtopics

Transgression

Related Terms

Offenses (23 Occurrences)

Revoke (10 Occurrences)

Reverse (12 Occurrences)

Iniquities (59 Occurrences)

Sentence (53 Occurrences)

Transgression (70 Occurrences)

Forgive (81 Occurrences)

Forgave (13 Occurrences)

Population (11 Occurrences)