Topical Encyclopedia
Definition and Context:Self-defense refers to the act of protecting oneself from harm using reasonable force. In the context of biblical teachings, self-defense is often discussed in relation to the preservation of life, the use of force, and the moral implications of defending oneself or others.
Old Testament References:The Old Testament provides several instances where self-defense is implied or directly addressed. In
Exodus 22:2-3 , the law concerning a thief states, "If a thief is caught breaking in and is struck so that he dies, there shall be no bloodguilt for him. But if it happens after sunrise, there is bloodguilt for him." This passage suggests a distinction between self-defense during a direct threat and retaliation after the threat has passed.
Nehemiah 4:14 illustrates the principle of defending one's family and community: "After I had made an inspection, I stood up and said to the nobles, the officials, and the rest of the people: 'Do not be afraid of them. Remember the Lord, who is great and awesome, and fight for your brothers, your sons and daughters, your wives and your homes.'" Here, the defense of one's community is portrayed as a righteous act.
New Testament References:In the New Testament, Jesus' teachings often emphasize peace and turning the other cheek, as seen in
Matthew 5:39 : "But I tell you not to resist an evil person. If someone slaps you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also." This teaching is frequently interpreted as a call to personal non-retaliation rather than a prohibition against self-defense in all circumstances.
However, in
Luke 22:36 , Jesus advises His disciples, "But now, whoever has a money bag should take it, and likewise a traveler’s bag; and whoever does not have a sword should sell his cloak and buy one." This instruction is often understood as a practical measure for self-defense during their travels, indicating that there is a place for self-protection within the Christian life.
Theological Considerations:Theologically, self-defense is often viewed through the lens of the sanctity of life. The preservation of life is a fundamental principle, and self-defense can be seen as a necessary action to protect oneself or others from unjust aggression. The use of force in self-defense must be proportionate and aimed at preventing harm rather than seeking revenge.
The concept of self-defense is also balanced with the call to love one's enemies and seek peace.
Romans 12:18 advises, "If it is possible on your part, live at peace with everyone." This suggests that while self-defense is permissible, it should not overshadow the Christian commitment to peace and reconciliation.
Historical and Cultural Context:Throughout history, Christian thinkers have debated the morality of self-defense. Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas, for example, discussed the just use of force, emphasizing that self-defense must be a last resort and conducted with the right intention.
In contemporary discussions, self-defense is often considered in light of legal and ethical standards, with an emphasis on the protection of the innocent and the maintenance of justice.
Practical Application:In practical terms, Christians are encouraged to seek wisdom and discernment in situations that may require self-defense. Prayer, consultation with Scripture, and guidance from the Holy Spirit are essential in making decisions that align with biblical principles. The goal is to uphold the dignity of all human life while responsibly protecting oneself and others from harm.
Topical Bible Verses
Exodus 22:2-3If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, there shall no blood be shed for him.
Topicalbible.orgMatthew 5:38-39
You have heard that it has been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth:
Topicalbible.org
Greek
627. apologia -- a speech indefense... answer for oneself, clearing of
self,
defense. From the same as apologeomai; a plea
("apology") -- answer (for
self), clearing of
self, defence.
...626. apologeomai -- to give an account of oneself, hence to defend...
... answer for oneself, makedefense. Middle voice from a compound of apo and logos;
to give an account (legal plea) of oneself, ie Exculpate (self) -- answer (for...
Library
Whether it is Lawful to Kill a Man inSelf-Defense?
... OF MURDER (EIGHT ARTICLES) Whether it is lawful to kill a man inself-defense?
Objection 1: It would seem that nobody may lawfully kill a man inself-defense....
Here Also You See, in aSelf-Evident Light, the Deep Ground...
... Enter into no strife, orself-defense against anyone, that either reproaches you,
or your doctrine; but remember, that if you are to join with Christ in doing...
The Greatest Trial on Record
... For the rest of the questioning, our Lord Jesus said not a word inself-defense;
he knew that it availed not for a lamb to plead with wolves; he was well aware...
The Second Epistle to the Corinthians
... letter we do not find a calm discussion of doctrinal subjects or of certain phases
of Christian life, but above all an impassionedself-defense against unjust...
Acts XII
... If ever there was an occasion on which the boasted first law of nature, the right
ofself-defense, would justify resistance to oppression, it existed here....
The Doctrine of Non-Resistance to Evil by Force Has Been Professed...
... more than two hundred years has actually professed the teaching of Christ on
non-resistance to evil by force, and does not make use of weapons inself-defense....
Contradiction Between Our Life and Our Christian Conscience.
... to every disinterested man whence they can expect attacks if all the great powers
are single-hearted in their policy, in pursuing nothing butself defense....
Love in the Blessed Ones.
... of selfishness opposed Love. Then Love had to fight, not because it was in
its nature, but inself-defense. Indeed, it may not cease...
Preface to Desiderius.
... But, after all, that I may not have in future to adopt such an irksome mode of
self-defense, the best way will be that the book should be published, if you...
First Stage of Jewish Trial. Examination by Annas.
... Jesus exemplified his teaching at Matthew 5:39. "Christ," says Luther,
"forbidsself-defense with the hand, not with the tongue."]....
Resources
What does the Bible say about self-gratification / self-pleasure? | GotQuestions.orgWhat does the Bible say about self-pity? | GotQuestions.orgWhat is the god of self? | GotQuestions.orgSelf: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.comBible Concordance •
Bible Dictionary •
Bible Encyclopedia •
Topical Bible •
Bible Thesuarus
