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In the biblical context, the concept of months is integral to understanding the calendar system used by the Israelites and the unfolding of various religious observances and historical events. The Hebrew calendar, which is lunisolar, consists of months that are based on the cycles of the moon. This calendar is evident throughout the Old Testament and plays a significant role in the timing of festivals, agricultural cycles, and religious rituals.

Hebrew Months and Their Significance

The Hebrew calendar comprises twelve months, with a thirteenth month added periodically to align the lunar months with the solar year. The months are as follows:

1.Nisan (Abib): The first month of the Hebrew calendar, Nisan is significant for the Passover festival, commemorating the Israelites' exodus from Egypt. InExodus 12:2, God instructs Moses, "This month is to be the beginning of months for you; it is the first month of your year."

2.Iyar (Ziv): The second month, Iyar, is mentioned in1 Kings 6:1, marking the beginning of the construction of Solomon's Temple.

3.Sivan: The third month, Sivan, is when the Feast of Weeks (Shavuot) is celebrated, marking the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai.

4.Tammuz: The fourth month, Tammuz, is noted for the fast commemorating the breach of Jerusalem's walls.

5.Av: The fifth month, Av, is a time of mourning for the destruction of the First and Second Temples.

6.Elul: The sixth month, Elul, is a period of repentance leading up to the High Holy Days.

7.Tishri (Ethanim): The seventh month is rich with festivals, including the Feast of Trumpets (Rosh Hashanah), the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur), and the Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot).Leviticus 23:24-27 outlines these observances.

8.Cheshvan (Bul): The eighth month, Cheshvan, is noted in1 Kings 6:38 as the month when Solomon completed the Temple.

9.Kislev: The ninth month, Kislev, includes the celebration of Hanukkah, though this is not mentioned in the Old Testament.

10.Tevet: The tenth month, Tevet, includes a fast commemorating the siege of Jerusalem.

11.Shevat: The eleventh month, Shevat, is noted inZechariah 1:7.

12.Adar: The twelfth month, Adar, is significant for the celebration of Purim, as described in the Book of Esther.

Biblical References to Months

The Bible frequently references months in relation to events and religious observances. For example, inGenesis 7:11, the timing of the flood is described: "In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, on the seventeenth day of the second month—on that day all the springs of the great deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened."

In the New Testament, months are less frequently mentioned, but the Jewish calendar still underpins the timing of events. For instance, the Feast of Passover, which occurs in Nisan, is central to the narrative of Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection.

Cultural and Religious Importance

The Hebrew months are not merely a means of marking time but are deeply embedded in the religious and cultural life of the Jewish people. Each month carries its own spiritual significance and is often associated with specific themes and historical events. The observance of festivals and fasts according to the lunar calendar is a testament to the enduring legacy of the biblical calendar in Jewish tradition.

The biblical understanding of months underscores the rhythm of life as ordained by God, with each month offering opportunities for worship, reflection, and remembrance. The cyclical nature of the calendar reflects the ongoing relationship between God and His people, as they commemorate His acts of salvation and provision throughout history.

Greek

5072. tetramenos -- of fourmonths
... of fourmonths. Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: tetramenos Phonetic Spelling:
(tet-ram'-ay-non) Short Definition: of fourmonths Definition: of four...

5150. trimenon -- of threemonths
... of threemonths. Part of Speech: Adjective Transliteration: trimenon Phonetic Spelling:
(trim'-ay-non) Short Definition: lasting threemonths Definition...

3376. men -- a month
... Word Origin a prim. word Definition a month NASB Word Usage month (4),months (14).
month. A primary word; a month -- month. (men) -- 2 Occurrences....

Strong's Hebrew

2320. chodesh -- new moon, a month
... Word Origin from chadash Definition new moon, a month NASB Word Usage month (204),
month andmonths (1), month throughout themonths (2),months (33), new moon...

3393. yerach -- month
... Definition: month. Word Origin (Aramaic) corresponding to yerach Definition
month NASB Word Usage month (1),months (1). month. (Aramaic...

3391. yerach -- month
... Definition: month. Word Origin from the same as yareach Definition month
NASB Word Usage month (6),months (6). month, moon. From...

Library

SixMonths' Record
... SIXMONTHS' RECORD.... Except for occasional information from Miss "" that she was
doing well, Brother Gordon heard no more of her for sixmonths....

Table of MacedonianMonths
... Supplementary Notes and Tables. Table of MacedonianMonths.... The names of themonths
were as follows:" Macedonian. Roman. Macedonian. Roman. 1. Gorpi??us....

End of ThreeMonths' Ministry in Jerusalem.
... Chapter X. End of ThreeMonths' Ministry in Jerusalem. An interval... Farrar. This
ends threemonths of stormy ministry in Jerusalem. Twice...

Valeria, Too, who for FifteenMonths had Wandered under a Mean...
... Chap. LI. Valeria, too, who for fifteenmonths had wandered under a mean
garb from province to? Valeria, too, who for fifteen...

After These Things, Her NineMonths Being Fulfilled, Anna Brought...
... Chapter 4. After these things, her ninemonths being fulfilled, Anna brought
forth a daughter? After these things, her ninemonths...

How Brother Juniper Kept Silence for SixMonths
... PART TWO. HERE BEGINNETH THE LIFE OF BROTHER JUNIPER CHAPTER VI HOW BROTHER
JUNIPER KEPT SILENCE FOR SIXMONTHS. Brother Juniper...

Joachas, his Son, Having Then Obtained the Kingdom, Held it for...
... Joachas, his son, having then obtained the kingdom, held it for threemonths?... Joachim,
for his part, possessed the sovereignty only for threemonths....

Oh that I were as inMonths Past! Job 29:02:00
... JOB Hymn 43 Oh that I were as inmonths past! Job 29:2. John Newton 8,6,8,6. Oh
that I were as inmonths past! Job 29:2. Sweet was the time when first I felt....

Wesley Rides Twenty-Four Hundred Miles in SevenMonths
... "I do Indeed Live by Preaching"; Wesley's Advice to Travelers; Wesley and the French
Prisoners Wesley Rides Twenty-four Hundred Miles in SevenMonths....

Book v. Containing the Interval of Near SixMonths.
... BOOK V. Containing The Interval Of Near SixMonths. From The Coming Of Titus To
Besiege Jerusalem, To The Great Extremity To Which The Jews Were Reduced....

Thesaurus

Months (65 Occurrences)
... Multi-Version ConcordanceMonths (65 Occurrences).... Luke 1:56 Mary stayed with
her about threemonths, and then returned to her house....

Calendar
... 1. (n.) An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes
of civil life, as years,months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year...

Obed-edom (16 Occurrences)
... Samuel 6:1-12). There it remained for sixmonths, and was to him and his
house the occasion of great blessing. David then removed...

Obededom (15 Occurrences)
... Samuel 6:1-12). There it remained for sixmonths, and was to him and his
house the occasion of great blessing. David then removed...

Inches (1 Occurrence)
... to warmer levels, where the moisture is easily held in the form of vapor so that
no rain falls and few clouds are seen, except in the cold mid-wintermonths....

Rainfall
... to warmer levels, where the moisture is easily held in the form of vapor so that
no rain falls and few clouds are seen, except in the cold mid-wintermonths....

Rain (118 Occurrences)
... Jeremiah 3:3), and continue to fall heavily for twomonths. Then the heavy
"winter rains" fall from the middle of December to March....

Wit (28 Occurrences)
... and hundreds, and their officers that served the king in any matter of the courses,
which came in and went out month by month throughout all themonths of the...

Xerxes (24 Occurrences)
... Esther 2:12 Each young woman's turn came to go in to King Ahasuerus after her
purification for twelvemonths (for so were the days of their purification...

Undergoing (13 Occurrences)
... Esther 2:12 Now every girl, when her turn came, had to go in to King Ahasuerus,
after undergoing, for a space of twelvemonths, what was ordered by the law for...

Resources

What is the structure of the Jewish calendar? | GotQuestions.org

How long was Job's suffering? | GotQuestions.org

What is the Tribulation? How do we know the Tribulation will last seven years? | GotQuestions.org

Bible Concordance •Bible Dictionary •Bible Encyclopedia •Topical Bible •Bible Thesuarus

Concordance

Months (65 Occurrences)

Mark 6:37
But he answered them, "You give them something to eat." They asked him, "Shall we go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread, and give them something to eat?"
(See NIV)

Luke 1:24
After these days Elizabeth, his wife, conceived, and she hid herself fivemonths, saying,
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Luke 1:56
Mary stayed with her about threemonths, and then returned to her house.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Luke 4:25
But truly I tell you, there were many widows in Israel in the days of Elijah, when the sky was shut up three years and sixmonths, when a great famine came over all the land.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

John 4:35
Don't you say,'There are yet fourmonths until the harvest?' Behold, I tell you, lift up your eyes, and look at the fields, that they are white for harvest already.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

John 6:7
Philip answered him, "Two hundred denarii worth of bread is not sufficient for them, that everyone of them may receive a little."
(See NIV)

Acts 7:20
At that time Moses was born, and was exceedingly handsome. He was nourished threemonths in his father's house.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Acts 18:11
He lived there a year and sixmonths, teaching the word of God among them.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Acts 19:8
He entered into the synagogue, and spoke boldly for a period of threemonths, reasoning and persuading about the things concerning the Kingdom of God.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Acts 20:2
Passing through those districts he encouraged the disciples in frequent addresses, and then came into Greece, and spent threemonths there.
(WEY)

Acts 20:3
When he had spent threemonths there, and a plot was made against him by Jews as he was about to set sail for Syria, he determined to return through Macedonia.
(WEB KJV ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Acts 28:11
After threemonths, we set sail in a ship of Alexandria which had wintered in the island, whose sign was "The Twin Brothers."
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Galatians 4:10
You observe days,months, seasons, and years.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Hebrews 11:23
By faith, Moses, when he was born, was hidden for threemonths by his parents, because they saw that he was a beautiful child, and they were not afraid of the king's commandment.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

James 5:17
Elijah was a man with a nature like ours, and he prayed earnestly that it might not rain, and it didn't rain on the earth for three years and sixmonths.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Revelation 9:5
They were given power not to kill them, but to torment them for fivemonths. Their torment was like the torment of a scorpion, when it strikes a person.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Revelation 9:10
They have tails like those of scorpions, and stings. In their tails they have power to harm men for fivemonths.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Revelation 11:2
Leave out the court which is outside of the temple, and don't measure it, for it has been given to the nations. They will tread the holy city under foot for forty-twomonths.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Revelation 13:5
A mouth speaking great things and blasphemy was given to him. Authority to make war for forty-twomonths was given to him.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Genesis 38:24
It happened about threemonths later, that it was told Judah, saying, "Tamar, your daughter-in-law, has played the prostitute; and moreover, behold, she is with child by prostitution." Judah said, "Bring her forth, and let her be burnt."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 2:2
The woman conceived, and bore a son. When she saw that he was a fine child, she hid him threemonths.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 12:2
"This month shall be to you the beginning ofmonths. It shall be the first month of the year to you.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Numbers 10:10
"Also in the day of your gladness, and in your set feasts, and in the beginnings of yourmonths, you shall blow the trumpets over your burnt offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings; and they shall be to you for a memorial before your God. I am Yahweh your God."
(WEB KJV ASV WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Numbers 28:11
"'In the beginnings of yourmonths you shall offer a burnt offering to Yahweh: two young bulls, and one ram, seven male lambs a year old without blemish;
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Numbers 28:14
Their drink offerings shall be half a hin of wine for a bull, and the third part of a hin for the ram, and the fourth part of a hin for a lamb: this is the burnt offering of every month throughout themonths of the year.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Deuteronomy 33:14
And by the precious fruits of the sun, And by the precious things put forth by themonths,
(DBY NAS RSV)

Judges 11:37
She said to her father, "Let this thing be done for me: let me alone twomonths, that I may depart and go down on the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my companions."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Judges 11:38
He said, "Go." He sent her away for twomonths: and she departed, she and her companions, and mourned her virginity on the mountains.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Judges 11:39
It happened at the end of twomonths, that she returned to her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she was a virgin. It was a custom in Israel,
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Judges 19:2
His concubine played the prostitute against him, and went away from him to her father's house to Bethlehem Judah, and was there the space of fourmonths.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Judges 20:47
But six hundred men turned and fled toward the wilderness to the rock of Rimmon, and abode in the rock of Rimmon fourmonths.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Samuel 6:1
The ark of Yahweh was in the country of the Philistines sevenmonths.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Samuel 27:7
The number of the days that David lived in the country of the Philistines was a full year and fourmonths.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 2:11
The time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and sixmonths.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 5:5
In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and sixmonths; and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three years over all Israel and Judah.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 6:11
The ark of Yahweh remained in the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite threemonths: and Yahweh blessed Obed-Edom, and all his house.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 24:8
So when they had gone back and forth through all the land, they came to Jerusalem at the end of ninemonths and twenty days.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 24:13
So Gad came to David, and told him, and said to him, "Shall seven years of famine come to you in your land? Or will you flee threemonths before your foes while they pursue you? Or shall there be three days' pestilence in your land? Now answer, and consider what answer I shall return to him who sent me."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 5:14
He sent them to Lebanon, ten thousand a month by courses; a month they were in Lebanon, and twomonths at home; and Adoniram was over the men subject to forced labor.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 11:16
(for Joab and all Israel remained there sixmonths, until he had cut off every male in Edom);
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Kings 15:8
In the thirty-eighth year of Azariah king of Judah did Zechariah the son of Jeroboam reign over Israel in Samaria sixmonths.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Kings 23:31
Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned threemonths in Jerusalem: and his mother's name was Hamutal the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Kings 24:8
Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he began to reign; and he reigned in Jerusalem threemonths: and his mother's name was Nehushta the daughter of Elnathan of Jerusalem.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 3:4
six were born to him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven years and sixmonths. In Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three years;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 13:14
The ark of God remained with the family of Obed-Edom in his house threemonths: and Yahweh blessed the house of Obed-Edom, and all that he had.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 21:12
either three years of famine; or threemonths to be consumed before your foes, while the sword of your enemies overtakes you; or else three days the sword of Yahweh, even pestilence in the land, and the angel of Yahweh destroying throughout all the borders of Israel. Now therefore consider what answer I shall return to him who sent me.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 27:1
Now the children of Israel after their number, the heads of fathers' houses and the captains of thousands and of hundreds, and their officers who served the king, in any matter of the divisions which came in and went out month by month throughout all themonths of the year-of every division were twenty-four thousand.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS)

2 Chronicles 36:2
Joahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned threemonths in Jerusalem.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 36:9
Jehoiachin was eight years old when he began to reign; and he reigned threemonths and ten days in Jerusalem: and he did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Esther 2:12
Each young woman's turn came to go in to King Ahasuerus after her purification for twelvemonths (for so were the days of their purification accomplished, six months with oil of myrrh, and six months with sweet fragrances and with preparations for beautifying women).
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Job 3:6
As for that night, let thick darkness seize on it. Let it not rejoice among the days of the year. Let it not come into the number of themonths.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Job 7:3
so am I made to possessmonths of misery, wearisome nights are appointed to me.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Job 14:5
Seeing his days are determined, the number of hismonths is with you, and you have appointed his bounds that he can't pass;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Job 21:21
For what does he care for his house after him, when the number of hismonths is cut off?
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Job 29:2
"Oh that I were as in themonths of old, as in the days when God watched over me;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Job 39:2
Can you number themonths that they fulfill? Or do you know the time when they give birth?
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Isaiah 47:13
Thou hast been wearied in the multitude of thy counsels, Stand up, I pray thee, and save thee, Let the charmers of the heavens, Those looking on the stars, Those teaching concerning themonths, From those things that come on thee!
(YLT)

Ezekiel 39:12
Sevenmonths shall the house of Israel be burying them, that they may cleanse the land.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Ezekiel 39:14
They shall set apart men of continual employment, who shall pass through the land, and, with those who pass through, those who bury those who remain on the surface of the land, to cleanse it: after the end of sevenmonths shall they search.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Ezekiel 47:12
And by the river upon the bank thereof, on this side and on that side, shall grow all trees for meat, whose leaf shall not fade, neither shall the fruit thereof be consumed: it shall bring forth new fruit according to hismonths, because their waters they issued out of the sanctuary: and the fruit thereof shall be for meat, and the leaf thereof for medicine.
(KJV WBS YLT)

Daniel 4:29
At the end of twelvemonths he was walking in the royal palace of Babylon.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Amos 4:7
"I also have withheld the rain from you, when there were yet threemonths to the harvest; and I caused it to rain on one city, and caused it not to rain on another city. One place was rained on, and the piece where it didn't rain withered.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Zechariah 7:5
Say to all the people of the land and to the priests, When you went without food and gave yourselves to grief in the fifth and the seventhmonths for these seventy years, did you ever do it because of me?
(BBE NAS NIV)

Zechariah 7:6
When ye fasted with mourning in the fifth and in the seventh 'months' -- even these seventy years -- did ye keep the fast 'to' Me -- Me? And when ye eat, and when ye drink, is it not ye who are eating, and ye who are drinking?
(YLT)

Zechariah 8:19
Thus says Yahweh of Armies: "The fasts of the fourth fifth, seventh, and tenthmonths shall be for the house of Judah joy and gladness, and cheerful feasts. Therefore love truth and peace."
(WEB BBE YLT NAS NIV)

Subtopics

Months

Months: Commenced With First Appearance of New Moon

Months: Idolaters Prognosticated By

Months: Names of the Twelve: Eighth, Bul

Months: Names of the Twelve: Eleventh, Sebat

Months: Names of the Twelve: Fifth, Av

Months: Names of the Twelve: First, Nisan or Abib

Months: Names of the Twelve: Fourth, Tammuz

Months: Names of the Twelve: Ninth, Chisleu

Months: Names of the Twelve: Second, Zif

Months: Names of the Twelve: Seventh, Ethanim