Topical Encyclopedia
JusticeIn the biblical context, justice is a fundamental attribute of God's character and a central theme throughout Scripture. It is often associated with righteousness, fairness, and the moral order established by God. The Hebrew word for justice, "mishpat," and the Greek word "dikaiosyne" both convey a sense of rightness and equity.
The Bible portrays God as the ultimate judge who administers justice with perfect wisdom and impartiality. In
Deuteronomy 32:4, God is described as "The Rock, His work is perfect, for all His ways are just. A God of faithfulness without injustice, righteous and upright is He." This verse underscores the belief that God's justice is inherent to His nature and is executed flawlessly.
Justice in human society is a reflection of divine justice. The Old Testament law, given to the Israelites, includes numerous statutes aimed at ensuring justice among the people. For instance,
Leviticus 19:15 commands, "You must not pervert justice; you must not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the rich; you are to judge your neighbor fairly." This directive emphasizes the importance of impartiality and fairness in human judgments.
The prophets frequently called Israel back to the practice of justice, highlighting its importance in maintaining a covenant relationship with God.
Micah 6:8 famously states, "He has shown you, O man, what is good. And what does the LORD require of you but to act justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?" This verse encapsulates the ethical demands of justice, mercy, and humility.
In the New Testament, Jesus Christ embodies and teaches justice. He challenges the legalistic interpretations of the law and emphasizes the spirit of justice that transcends mere rule-following. In
Matthew 23:23, Jesus rebukes the Pharisees, saying, "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! You pay tithes of mint, dill, and cumin, but you have disregarded the weightier matters of the law: justice, mercy, and faithfulness. You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former."
The apostolic writings continue this theme, urging believers to pursue justice as a reflection of their faith.
James 1:27 declares, "Pure and undefiled religion before our God and Father is this: to care for orphans and widows in their distress, and to keep oneself unstained by the world." This passage highlights the practical outworking of justice in caring for the vulnerable and maintaining personal integrity.
SovereigntySovereignty, in the biblical sense, refers to God's supreme authority and power over all creation. It is the doctrine that God is the ultimate ruler, possessing absolute control and authority over the universe. This concept is foundational to understanding God's relationship with the world and His governance of history.
The sovereignty of God is affirmed throughout Scripture, beginning with the creation narrative.
Genesis 1:1 states, "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth." This declaration establishes God as the Creator, who has the right and power to govern His creation according to His will.
The Psalms frequently celebrate God's sovereign rule.
Psalm 103:19 proclaims, "The LORD has established His throne in heaven, and His kingdom rules over all." This verse emphasizes God's dominion over all realms, both heavenly and earthly.
The sovereignty of God is also evident in His providential care and guidance of human history.
Proverbs 21:1 illustrates this truth: "The king’s heart is a waterway in the hand of the LORD; He directs it where He pleases." This imagery conveys the idea that even the decisions of earthly rulers are subject to God's sovereign direction.
In the New Testament, the sovereignty of Christ is a central theme.
Colossians 1:16-17 affirms, "For in Him all things were created, things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities. All things were created through Him and for Him. He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together." This passage highlights Christ's preeminence and sustaining power over all creation.
The book of Revelation vividly portrays God's sovereign rule over the culmination of history.
Revelation 19:6 declares, "Hallelujah! For the Lord our God the Almighty reigns." This exclamation anticipates the ultimate realization of God's kingdom and His unchallenged sovereignty.
Believers are called to trust in God's sovereignty, recognizing that His plans and purposes are perfect and will ultimately prevail.
Romans 8:28 assures, "And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose." This promise provides comfort and assurance that God's sovereign will is directed toward the ultimate good of His people.
