Topical Encyclopedia
Definition and Purpose:Fasting, in the biblical context, refers to the voluntary abstention from food, and sometimes drink, for a specified period. It is often undertaken for spiritual purposes, such as seeking God's guidance, expressing repentance, or intensifying prayer. Fasting is a practice observed in both the Old and New Testaments and is associated with humility, devotion, and a deepening of one's relationship with God.
Old Testament Instances:Fasting is frequently mentioned in the Old Testament as a means of humbling oneself before God. One of the earliest references is found in the context of the Day of Atonement, where the Israelites were commanded to "afflict their souls" (
Leviticus 16:29-31), which is traditionally understood to include fasting. In
2 Samuel 12:16, David fasted and prayed for the life of his child. The book of Esther records a communal fast called by Queen Esther before she approached the king (
Esther 4:16). The prophet Joel called for a sacred fast as a response to a national crisis, urging the people to "return to Me with all your heart, with fasting, weeping, and mourning" (
Joel 2:12).
New Testament Teachings and Examples:In the New Testament, fasting continues to be a significant spiritual discipline. Jesus Himself fasted for forty days and nights in the wilderness before beginning His public ministry (
Matthew 4:2). He taught about fasting in the Sermon on the Mount, instructing His followers to fast discreetly and not for show: "When you fast, do not be somber like the hypocrites, for they disfigure their faces to show men they are fasting. Truly I tell you, they already have their reward" (
Matthew 6:16). Jesus also indicated that certain spiritual breakthroughs require both prayer and fasting (
Mark 9:29).
The early church practiced fasting as part of their worship and decision-making processes. In
Acts 13:2-3, the church in Antioch fasted and prayed before sending out Barnabas and Saul on their missionary journey. Similarly, in
Acts 14:23, Paul and Barnabas appointed elders in the churches with prayer and fasting.
Theological Significance:Fasting is seen as a way to humble oneself before God, to express repentance, and to seek divine intervention. It is an act of worship and devotion, reflecting a heart that is earnest in seeking God's will. Fasting is not merely a physical act but is deeply connected to prayer and spiritual reflection. It is a means of drawing closer to God, aligning one's heart with His purposes, and demonstrating dependence on Him.
Practical Considerations:While fasting is a powerful spiritual discipline, it is important to approach it with the right motives. The Bible warns against fasting for the sake of appearance or self-righteousness.
Isaiah 58:3-7 criticizes those who fast for selfish reasons, emphasizing that true fasting should lead to justice, compassion, and care for others. Fasting should be accompanied by prayer, meditation on Scripture, and a heart open to God's leading.
Conclusion:Fasting remains a relevant and meaningful practice for believers today, offering a way to deepen one's spiritual life and seek God's presence in a focused manner.
