Do not repay anyone evil for evil.This phrase emphasizes the Christian principle of non-retaliation, which is rooted in Jesus' teachings in the Sermon on the Mount (
Matthew 5:38-39). The idea of not repaying evil for evil is countercultural, especially in the Roman world where honor and revenge were often pursued. The Old Testament also supports this principle, as seen in
Proverbs 20:22, which advises against seeking revenge. This command reflects the character of God, who is patient and merciful, and it calls believers to trust in God's justice rather than taking matters into their own hands. The life of Jesus exemplifies this teaching, as He did not retaliate against those who wronged Him, even during His crucifixion (
1 Peter 2:23).
Carefully consider what is right in the eyes of everybody.
This phrase encourages believers to live thoughtfully and with integrity, ensuring their actions are above reproach. The Greek term for "carefully consider" implies a deliberate and thoughtful approach to one's conduct. This aligns with the broader biblical teaching of living wisely and being a light to the world (Matthew 5:14-16). The phrase "in the eyes of everybody" suggests a universal standard of morality that transcends cultural and societal norms, pointing to the inherent understanding of right and wrong that God has placed in every human heart (Romans 2:14-15). This call to consider what is right is not about seeking human approval but about living in a way that reflects God's righteousness and draws others to Him.
Persons / Places / Events
1.
Paul the ApostleThe author of the Book of Romans, Paul was a key figure in the early Christian church, known for his missionary journeys and theological teachings.
2.
The Roman ChurchThe recipients of the letter, the early Christian community in Rome, which was diverse and included both Jewish and Gentile believers.
3.
The Early Christian CommunityThe broader context of the early church, which faced persecution and needed guidance on how to live out their faith in a hostile environment.
Teaching Points
Rejecting RetaliationAs Christians, we are called to break the cycle of retaliation. Instead of responding to evil with evil, we should seek to overcome evil with good.
Pursuing PeaceThe phrase "carefully consider what is right in the eyes of everybody" suggests a proactive approach to living peaceably with others, reflecting Christ's love and wisdom.
Trusting God's JusticeBy not repaying evil for evil, we demonstrate our trust in God's ultimate justice and sovereignty.
Witness to the WorldOur response to wrongdoing can serve as a powerful testimony to non-believers, showcasing the transformative power of the Gospel.
Practical WisdomThis verse encourages us to think carefully about our actions and their impact on others, promoting a thoughtful and wise approach to conflict.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of Romans 12:17?
2.How can we "repay no one evil for evil" in daily interactions?
3.What does it mean to "consider carefully what is right" before acting?
4.How does Romans 12:17 connect with Jesus' teachings in Matthew 5:38-39?
5.In what ways can you practice peace in your community this week?
6.How can Romans 12:17 guide responses to personal or professional conflicts?
7.How does Romans 12:17 challenge the concept of justice and retribution in society?
8.What historical context influenced Paul's message in Romans 12:17?
9.How does Romans 12:17 align with Jesus' teachings on forgiveness?
10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Romans 12?
11.Should you repay evil with evil?
12.Should you repay evil with evil?
13.Should we do good to everyone?
14.Why have Christians committed atrocities (e.g., Crusades, Inquisitions, colonialism) in the name of God?What Does Romans 12:17 Mean
Do not repay anyone evil for evilRomans 12:17a: “Do not repay anyone evil for evil.”
• The command is absolute—“anyone” leaves no loopholes. Jesus sets the same bar inMatthew 5:38-39, urging His followers to turn the other cheek rather than strike back.
• Retaliation belongs to our old nature; restraint reveals the new nature we received in Christ (Galatians 2:20).
• God forbids vengeance because He reserves justice for Himself (Romans 12:19). Refusing to repay evil is an act of faith, trusting that the Judge of all the earth will do right (Genesis 18:25).
• When we refuse retaliation we mirror the Savior, “who when He was maligned, He did not retaliate” (1 Peter 2:23).
• Practically this means:
– No cutting words when you are insulted (Ephesians 4:29).
– No plotting payback when wronged (Proverbs 20:22: “Do not say, ‘I will avenge this evil!’ Wait on the LORD, and He will save you.”).
– Choosing to bless instead: “Do not repay evil with evil or insult with insult, but with blessing” (1 Peter 3:9).
Carefully consider what is right in the eyes of everybodyRomans 12:17b: “Carefully consider what is right in the eyes of everybody.”
• “Carefully consider” calls for deliberate thought, not knee-jerk reaction. We weigh our responses prayerfully and thoughtfully (James 1:19).
• “What is right” speaks of actions that are objectively honorable. Paul echoes this in2 Corinthians 8:21: “For we are taking pains to do what is right, not only in the eyes of the Lord but also in the eyes of men.”
• While ultimate allegiance is to God (Acts 5:29), believers seek to live so uprightly that even critics are forced to acknowledge it (1 Peter 2:12).
• Practical applications:
– Before speaking or acting, ask, “Will this honor Christ and uphold a credible witness?” (Colossians 4:5-6).
– Keep financial dealings transparent; Paul handled church funds openly for this very reason (2 Corinthians 8:20-21).
– Show courtesy and respect to authorities and neighbors alike (Titus 3:1-2;Romans 13:7).
– Let your light shine through tangible good works so others “may see your good deeds and glorify your Father in heaven” (Matthew 5:16).
summaryGod forbids retaliation and calls believers to a higher road: refuse payback and instead pursue universally recognized goodness. Trusting the Lord to settle accounts frees us to respond with grace, maintain a blameless testimony, and reflect Christ before a watching world.
(17)
Provide things honest . . .--Let your purposes be such that all men shall recognise their complete integrity. Do not engage in enterprises of a doubtful character, that might bring not only yourselves but the Christian body into ill repute. (Comp.
Matthew 5:14-16;
2Corinthians 8:21.)
Parallel Commentaries ...
Greek
Do not repay anyoneἀποδιδόντες(apodidontes)Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 591:From apo and didomi; to give away, i.e. Up, over, back, etc.evilκακὸν(kakon)Adjective - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 2556:Bad, evil, in the widest sense. Apparently a primary word; worthless, i.e. depraved, or injurious.forἀντὶ(anti)Preposition
Strong's 473:A primary particle; opposite, i.e. Instead or because of.evil.κακοῦ(kakou)Adjective - Genitive Neuter Singular
Strong's 2556:Bad, evil, in the widest sense. Apparently a primary word; worthless, i.e. depraved, or injurious.Carefully considerπρονοούμενοι(pronooumenoi)Verb - Present Participle Middle - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4306:From pro and noieo; to consider in advance, i.e. Look out for beforehand.what is rightκαλὰ(kala)Adjective - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 2570:Properly, beautiful, but chiefly good, i.e. Valuable or virtuous.in the eyes ofἐνώπιον(enōpion)Preposition
Strong's 1799:Neuter of a compound of en and a derivative of optanomai; in the face of.everybody.πάντων(pantōn)Adjective - Genitive Masculine Plural
Strong's 3956:All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole.
Links
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NT Letters: Romans 12:17 Repay no one evil for evil (Rom. Ro) 
