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Revelation 1:1,4,9
The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto him, to shew unto his servants things which must shortly come to pass; and he sent and signifiedit by his angel unto his servant John: …

the holy.

Revelation 3:12
Him that overcometh will I make a pillar in the temple of my God, and he shall go no more out: and I will write upon him the name of my God, and the name of the city of my God,which is new Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God: andI will write upon him my new name.

Psalm 48:1-3
A Songand Psalm for the sons of Korah. Greatis the LORD, and greatly to be praised in the city of our God,in the mountain of his holiness…

Psalm 87:3
Glorious things are spoken of thee, O city of God. Selah.

coming.

Revelation 21:10
And he carried me away in the spirit to a great and high mountain, and shewed me that great city, the holy Jerusalem, descending out of heaven from God,

Galatians 4:25,26
For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children…

as.

Revelation 19:7,8
Let us be glad and rejoice, and give honour to him: for the marriage of the Lamb is come, and his wife hath made herself ready…

Psalm 45:9-14
Kings' daughterswere among thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir…

Isaiah 54:5
For thy Makeris thine husband; the LORD of hostsis his name; and thy Redeemer the Holy One of Israel; The God of the whole earth shall he be called.

the new Jerusalem
The "new Jerusalem" represents the fulfillment of God's promises and the ultimate restoration of His people. It is not merely a physical city but a symbol of God's eternal kingdom. This new creation is a recurring theme in prophetic literature, such asIsaiah 65:17-19, which speaks of a new heaven and a new earth. The new Jerusalem is the culmination of God's redemptive plan, contrasting with the old Jerusalem, which was subject to sin and destruction.

coming down out of heaven from God
The descent of the new Jerusalem "out of heaven from God" emphasizes its divine origin and nature. Unlike earthly cities built by human hands, this city is a gift from God, signifying His initiative in salvation and restoration. This imagery echoes the vision of Jacob's ladder inGenesis 28:12, where heaven and earth are connected by divine action. It underscores the idea that the new creation is not achieved by human effort but by God's sovereign will.

prepared as a bride
The preparation "as a bride" highlights the city's beauty, purity, and readiness for a divine relationship. In biblical times, a bride's preparation was a significant cultural event, symbolizing purity and commitment. This imagery is used throughout Scripture to describe the relationship between God and His people, such as inHosea 2:19-20 andEphesians 5:25-27. The city, like a bride, is made ready for a sacred union with God.

adorned for her husband
The adornment "for her husband" signifies the intimate and covenantal relationship between God and His people. In ancient Jewish culture, a bride adorned herself to meet her groom, symbolizing joy and anticipation. This phrase reflects the eschatological hope of the church as the bride of Christ, as seen inRevelation 19:7-8. The adornment represents the righteousness and glory bestowed upon the church by Christ, the bridegroom.

• John is an eyewitness, recording an actual revelation he received while “carried away in the Spirit” (Revelation 1:10; 4:1).

• His phrase “I saw” signals fresh, reliable testimony, underscoring that this vision is not imagination but God-given truth (Revelation 19:10).

• The scene follows the creation of “a new heaven and a new earth” (Revelation 21:1), so the focus is now on what eternity will look like for God’s people.

• “Holy” means set apart for God’s exclusive use, free from every trace of sin (Revelation 21:27).

• Scripture often pairs God’s presence with holiness—think of Isaiah’s vision of the temple filled with “Holy, holy, holy” worship (Isaiah 6:3) and Ezekiel’s promise that “the name of the city from that day shall be, The LORD Is There” (Ezekiel 48:35).

• The city itself becomes the dwelling place where God and humanity are forever reconciled (Revelation 21:3).

• “New” indicates not merely a renovated version of the old but something entirely fresh, unmarred by the curse (Revelation 22:3).

• Jerusalem has always symbolized God’s covenant relationship with His people—first in Abraham’s offering on Mount Moriah (Genesis 22:2), later in David’s capital and Solomon’s temple (2 Samuel 5:7;1 Kings 8:1).

•Hebrews 12:22 affirms believers “have come to Mount Zion, to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem,” hinting that this city already exists in God’s realm and will soon be revealed.

• The direction is downward: heaven touches earth. Redemption culminates not in our escape to the clouds but in God relocating His dwelling to a renewed earth (Revelation 21:3;John 14:2-3).

•James 1:17 reminds us that every perfect gift “comes down” from the Father; the city itself is His ultimate gift.

• This descent fulfills Jesus’ prayer “Your kingdom come, Your will be done on earth as it is in heaven” (Matthew 6:10).

• Preparation speaks of intentional design. Jesus told His followers, “I go to prepare a place for you” (John 14:2).

• The bridal imagery points to covenant intimacy. The church is the bride (Ephesians 5:25-27), and the city embodies her completed perfection.

• Adornment stresses beauty bestowed: righteousness given by Christ (Isaiah 61:10;Revelation 19:8). Just as a bride’s appearance reflects her joy and her love’s devotion, the city radiates God’s glory (Revelation 21:11).

Revelation 21:2 shows John witnessing the literal, holy, heavenly capital—New Jerusalem—descending to a recreated earth. God Himself crafts and delivers this city, flawlessly pure and lovingly prepared, just like a bride ready for her groom. The verse assures believers of a tangible, eternal home where God dwells with His people in unbroken, covenant love.