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Final Greetings
21Greet all the saints in Christ Jesus. The brothers who are with me send you greetings.22Allthesaintssend you greetings,especiallythosefromthehouseholdof Caesar.23The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.…

Treasury of Scripture

All the saints salute you, chiefly they that are of Caesar's household.

the.

Romans 16:16
Salute one another with an holy kiss. The churches of Christ salute you.

2 Corinthians 13:13
All the saints salute you.

Hebrews 13:24
Salute all them that have the rule over you, and all the saints. They of Italy salute you.

they.

Philippians 1:13
So that my bonds in Christ are manifest in all the palace, and in all otherplaces;

Caesar's.

BelongCaesarCaesar'sCesar'sChieflyEspeciallyGod'sGreetGreetingsHouseHouseholdLoveMembersSaintsSaluteSpeciallyBelongCaesarCaesar'sCesar'sChieflyEspeciallyGod'sGreetGreetingsHouseHouseholdLoveMembersSaintsSaluteSpecially1.From particular admonitions,
4.he proceeds to general exhortations,
10.showing how he rejoiced at their generosity toward him while in prison.
19.And so he concludes with prayer and salutations.

All the saints send you greetings
This phrase indicates the unity and fellowship among believers, transcending geographical boundaries. The term "saints" refers to all Christians, emphasizing their sanctification and set-apart status in Christ. This greeting reflects the early church's practice of mutual encouragement and support, as seen in other epistles (e.g.,Romans 16:16). The communal aspect of the early church is highlighted, showing the interconnectedness of believers despite physical distances.

especially those from the household of Caesar
This phrase reveals the spread of Christianity into influential and unexpected places, such as the imperial household. The "household of Caesar" likely includes servants, freedmen, and possibly family members associated with the Roman Emperor. This demonstrates the reach of the Gospel into the heart of the Roman Empire, fulfilling the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20). It also illustrates the subversive nature of the Gospel, penetrating even the highest echelons of society. The presence of believers in Caesar's household is a testament to the power of the Gospel to transform lives across all social strata, echoing the theme of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His purposes (Philippians 1:12-14).

1.Paul the Apostle
The author of the letter to the Philippians, writing from prison in Rome. He is a key figure in the early Christian church and a missionary to the Gentiles.

2.Philippian Church
The recipients of the letter, a Christian community in Philippi, a city in Macedonia. They were known for their generosity and support of Paul's ministry.

3.Caesar's Household
Refers to those who were part of the imperial household in Rome. This could include family members, servants, or officials who had come to faith in Christ.

4.Saints
In this context, "saints" refers to the believers in Rome who are part of the Christian community.

5.Rome
The capital of the Roman Empire, where Paul was imprisoned and from where he wrote this letter.The Reach of the Gospel
The mention of believers in Caesar's household demonstrates the power of the gospel to penetrate even the most unlikely places. It encourages us to have faith that God can work in any situation, no matter how challenging.

Unity Among Believers
The greetings from the saints in Rome to the Philippians highlight the unity and fellowship among early Christians, despite geographical and cultural differences. This unity is a model for the church today.

Influence in High Places
The conversion of individuals in Caesar's household shows that the gospel can influence people in positions of power. Christians are called to be salt and light in all areas of society, including places of authority.

Encouragement in Trials
Paul's ability to share the gospel while imprisoned is a testament to finding purpose and joy in difficult circumstances. Believers are encouraged to remain steadfast and use their trials as opportunities for witness.1.What is the meaning of Philippians 4:22?

2.How does Philippians 4:22 demonstrate the spread of the Gospel in Rome?

3.What significance do "Caesar's household" believers have for early Christian evangelism?

4.How can we support fellow believers in influential positions today?

5.How does Philippians 4:22 encourage us to share our faith in challenging environments?

6.What other scriptures highlight the importance of spreading the Gospel in all areas?

7.Who are "those from Caesar’s household" mentioned in Philippians 4:22?

8.How did the gospel reach Caesar's household according to Philippians 4:22?

9.What significance does Philippians 4:22 have for understanding early Christian evangelism?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Philippians 4?

11.Is praying the Rosary supported by the Bible?

12.Does Paul’s statement about the “whole imperial guard” (Philippians 1:13) knowing his message suggest a historical exaggeration rather than a literal event?

13.How can Paul’s claim that his imprisonment helped spread the message (Philippians 1:12–13) be substantiated by historical evidence outside the Bible?

14.How do the final greetings in Colossians 4:7-18 compare with other Pauline letters, and could inconsistencies suggest multiple authors?All the saints

• Paul reminds the Philippian church that every believer with him in Rome is spiritually connected to them. The term “saints” in Scripture simply means those who are “sanctified in Christ Jesus” (1 Corinthians 1:2), whether they live in Philippi, Rome, or anywhere else.

• This collective greeting echoes other letters: “All the churches of Christ send you greetings” (Romans 16:16), showing a pattern of mutual love and acknowledgment across congregations.

• By including all believers under the same title, Paul affirms the unity of the body of Christ (Ephesians 4:4–6) and reminds the Philippians that they are part of something far larger than their local assembly.

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Send you greetings

• A greeting is more than polite words; it is a deliberate expression of fellowship. Paul often ends letters with warm salutations: “All the saints greet you” (2 Corinthians 13:13) and “Greet all the brothers with a holy kiss” (1 Thessalonians 5:26).

• Such greetings foster encouragement, especially for suffering believers. Earlier in this letter Paul said, “I can do all things through Christ who gives me strength” (Philippians 4:13); the greeting embodies that same strengthening presence by reminding the Philippians they are remembered and loved.

• Christian greetings carry the flavor of blessing.Romans 1:7 opens, “Grace and peace to you,” and that gracious tone continues here, pointing to the unbroken line of care that flows from Christ through His people.

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Especially those from the household of Caesar

• The phrase highlights a remarkable reality: the gospel has reached into the very heart of the Roman Empire. Earlier Paul reported, “It has become clear throughout the whole palace guard and to everyone else that I am in chains for Christ” (Philippians 1:13). Now he confirms believers are found “in Caesar’s household,” likely palace staff, soldiers, and servants attached to Nero’s court.

• This underscores the unstoppable advance of the gospel (Acts 28:30–31). Even though Paul is a prisoner, the Word of God is not bound (2 Timothy 2:9).

• For the Philippians—citizens of a Roman colony—hearing that imperial insiders follow Christ would have been deeply encouraging. It shows that no position, power structure, or cultural barrier is too formidable for God’s saving work (Romans 1:16).

• The mention “especially” singles them out, not to elevate status, but to highlight God’s surprising grace. The same Lord who called shepherds and fishermen now calls palace attendants, fulfillingPhilippians 2:10: “At the name of Jesus every knee should bow—in heaven and on earth and under the earth.”

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summary

Philippians 4:22 assures believers of three truths: (1) all who trust Christ are saints together, knit into a worldwide family; (2) intentional greetings refresh and strengthen the church; and (3) the gospel reaches every level of society, even Caesar’s household, proving that Christ reigns and His Word cannot be hindered.

(22)of Caesar's household.--The "household of Caesar" included a multitude of persons of all ages and ranks and occupations. Dr. Lightfoot, in a very interesting excursus on this verse, remarking that these Christians of Caesar's household are alluded to as if well known to the Philippians, has examined the various names mentioned in Romans 16. (three years before this time), and finds many of them identical with names actually found in sepulchral inscriptions, as belonging to members of the "domus Augusta," or imperial household. These were earlier converts; but, wherever St. Paul's prison was, he can hardly have failed to gain through the praetorians some communication with the household of the emperor, whose body-guard they were; and the allusion here seems to show that for some reason these Christians of Caesar's household were in an especial familiarity of intercourse with him. Probably, therefore, he had added from that household new converts to Christ; and he mentions this here, as he had before spoken of his bonds being made manifest in the "praetorium" (Philippians 1:13), in order to show the Philippians that his very imprisonment had given special opportunity for the spread of the gospel.

Verse 22. -All the saints salute you, chiefly they that are of Caesar's household. All the Christians at Rome, not only St. Paul's personal friends and companions. It is not clear why he lays a special stress on those belonging to Nero's household. The reason given by Chrysostom seems somewhat fanciful: "If those who dwelt in palaces despised all things for the sake of the King of heaven, much more should the Philippians do so." Some of them may have been known to the Philippian Christians. The termfamilia ordomus Caesaris included all ranks, from the highest official to the lowest freedman or slave. It is probable that those alluded to here belonged to the humbler classes. But at any rate St. Paul's words prove that his preaching had penetrated into that abyss of all infamy, the palace of Nero. (For the Christianity of Seneca, and the supposed correspondence between him and St. Paul see Bishop Lightfoot's dissertation on 'St. Paul and Seneca.' See also his detached note on 'Caesar's Household.')

Parallel Commentaries ...


All
πάντες(pantes)
Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3956:All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole.

the
οἱ(hoi)
Article - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

saints
ἅγιοι(hagioi)
Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 40:Set apart by (or for) God, holy, sacred. From hagos; sacred.

send you greetings,
Ἀσπάζονται(Aspazontai)
Verb - Present Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 782:To greet, salute, pay my respects to, welcome. To enfold in the arms, i.e. to salute, to welcome.

especially
μάλιστα(malista)
Adverb
Strong's 3122:Most of all, especially. Neuter plural of the superlative of an apparently primary adverb mala; most or particularly.

those
οἱ(hoi)
Article - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

from
ἐκ(ek)
Preposition
Strong's 1537:From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out.

the
τῆς(tēs)
Article - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

household
οἰκίας(oikias)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 3614:From oikos; properly, residence, but usually an abode; by implication, a family.

of Caesar.
Καίσαρος(Kaisaros)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 2541:Of Latin origin; Caesar, a title of the Roman emperor.


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NT Letters: Philippians 4:22 All the saints greet you especially those (Philipp. Phil. Php.)