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◄ Numbers 20:11►

New International Version
Then Moses raised his arm and struck the rock twice with his staff. Water gushed out, and the community and their livestock drank.

New Living Translation
Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with the staff, and water gushed out. So the entire community and their livestock drank their fill.

English Standard Version
And Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock with his staff twice, and water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their livestock.

Berean Standard Bible
Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff, so that a great amount of water gushed out, and the congregation and their livestock were able to drink.

King James Bible
And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beastsalso.

New King James Version
Then Moses lifted his hand and struck the rock twice with his rod; and water came out abundantly, and the congregation and their animals drank.

New American Standard Bible
Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff; and water came out abundantly, and the congregation and their livestock drank.

NASB 1995
Then Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock twice with his rod; and water came forth abundantly, and the congregation and their beasts drank.

NASB 1977
Then Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock twice with his rod; and water came forth abundantly, and the congregation and their beasts drank.

Legacy Standard Bible
Then Moses raised high his hand and struck the rock twice with his rod; and water came forth abundantly, and the congregation and their beasts drank.

Amplified Bible
Then Moses raised his hand [in anger] and with his rod he struck the rock twice [instead of speaking to the rock as the LORD had commanded]. And the water poured out abundantly, and the congregation and their livestock drank [fresh water].

Christian Standard Bible
Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff, so that abundant water gushed out, and the community and their livestock drank.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff, so that a great amount of water gushed out, and the community and their livestock drank.

American Standard Version
And Moses lifted up his hand, and smote the rock with his rod twice: and water came forth abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their cattle.

Contemporary English Version
He raised his stick in the air and struck the rock two times. At once, water gushed from the rock, and the people and their livestock had water to drink.

English Revised Version
And Moses lifted up his hand, and smote the rock with his rod twice: and water came forth abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their cattle.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Moses raised his hand and hit the rock twice with the staff. Water came pouring out, and all the people and their animals drank.

Good News Translation
Then Moses raised the stick and struck the rock twice with it, and a great stream of water gushed out, and all the people and animals drank.

International Standard Version
Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with his rod. Lots of water gushed out, and both the community and their cattle were able to drink.

NET Bible
Then Moses raised his hand, and struck the rock twice with his staff. And water came out abundantly. So the community drank, and their beasts drank too.

New Heart English Bible
Moses lifted up his hand, and struck the rock with his rod twice: and water came forth abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their livestock.

Webster's Bible Translation
And Moses lifted his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also.

Majority Text Translations

Majority Standard Bible
Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff, so that a great amount of water gushed out, and the congregation and their livestock were able to drink.

World English Bible
Moses lifted up his hand, and struck the rock with his rod twice, and water came out abundantly. The congregation and their livestock drank.

Literal Translations

Literal Standard Version
And Moses lifts up his hand and strikes the rock with his rod twice; and much water comes out, and the congregation drinks, and their beasts [drink].

Young's Literal Translation
and Moses lifteth up his hand, and smiteth the rock with his rod twice; and much water cometh out, and the company drink, also their beasts.

Smith's Literal Translation
And Moses will lift up his hand and will smite the rock with the rod twice, and many waters will come forth, and the assembly will drink and their cattle.

Catholic Translations

Douay-Rheims Bible
And when Moses had lifted up his hand, and struck the rook twice with the rod, there came forth water in great abundance, so that the people and their cattle drank,

Catholic Public Domain Version
And when Moses had lifted up his hand, striking the stone twice with the rod, very great waters went forth, so much so that the people and their cattle were able to drink.

New American Bible
Then, raising his hand, Moses struck the rock twice with his staff, and water came out in abundance, and the community and their livestock drank.

New Revised Standard Version
Then Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff; water came out abundantly, and the congregation and their livestock drank.

Translations from Aramaic

Lamsa Bible
And Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock with his rod twice; and the water came out abundantly, and the people drank and all their cattle also.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Moshe lifted his hand and he struck the rock with his rod two times and many waters went out and all the people drank and their cattle.

OT Translations

JPS Tanakh 1917
And Moses lifted up his hand, and smote the rock with his rod twice; and water came forth abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their cattle.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Moses lifted up his hand and struck the rock with his rod twice; and much water came forth, and the congregation drank, and their cattle.

Additional Translations ...

Audio Bible

Context

Water from the Rock
…10Then Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly in front of the rock, and Moses said to them, “Listen now, you rebels, must we bring you water out of this rock?”11Then Moses raised his hand and struck the rock twice with his staff,so that a great amount of water gushed out,and the congregation and their livestock were able to drink.12But the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not trust Me to show My holiness in the sight of the Israelites, you will not bring this assembly into the land that I have given them.”…

Berean Standard Bible ·Download

Cross References

Exodus 17:6
Behold, I will stand there before you by the rock at Horeb. And when you strike the rock, water will come out of it for the people to drink.” So Moses did this in the sight of the elders of Israel.

Psalm 78:15-16
He split the rocks in the wilderness and gave them drink as abundant as the seas. / He brought streams from the stone and made water flow down like rivers.

Psalm 105:41
He opened a rock, and water gushed out; it flowed like a river in the desert.

Isaiah 48:21
They did not thirst when He led them through the deserts; He made water flow for them from the rock; He split the rock, and water gushed out.

1 Corinthians 10:4
and drank the same spiritual drink; for they drank from the spiritual rock that accompanied them, and that rock was Christ.

Deuteronomy 8:15
He led you through the vast and terrifying wilderness with its venomous snakes and scorpions, a thirsty and waterless land. He brought you water from the rock of flint.

Nehemiah 9:15
In their hunger You gave them bread from heaven; in their thirst You brought them water from the rock. You told them to go in and possess the land that You had sworn to give them.

Psalm 114:8
who turned the rock into a pool, the flint into a fountain of water!

John 4:14
But whoever drinks the water I give him will never thirst. Indeed, the water I give him will become in him a fount of water springing up to eternal life.”

John 7:37-38
On the last and greatest day of the feast, Jesus stood up and called out in a loud voice, “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to Me and drink. / Whoever believes in Me, as the Scripture has said: ‘Streams of living water will flow from within him.’”

Isaiah 41:17-18
The poor and needy seek water, but there is none; their tongues are parched with thirst. I, the LORD, will answer them; I, the God of Israel, will not forsake them. / I will open rivers on the barren heights, and fountains in the middle of the valleys. I will turn the desert into a pool of water, and the dry land into flowing springs.

Isaiah 43:20
The beasts of the field will honor Me, the jackals and the ostriches, because I provide water in the wilderness and rivers in the desert, to give drink to My chosen people.

Psalm 107:35
He turns a desert into pools of water and a dry land into flowing springs.

Revelation 22:1
Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb

Revelation 22:17
The Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” Let the one who hears say, “Come!” And let the one who is thirsty come, and the one who desires the water of life drink freely.

Treasury of Scripture

And Moses lifted up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice: and the water came out abundantly, and the congregation drank, and their beasts also.

smote

Numbers 20:8
Take the rod, and gather thou the assembly together, thou, and Aaron thy brother, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes; and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring forth to them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the congregation and their beasts drink.

Leviticus 10:1
And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not.

1 Samuel 15:13,14,19,24
And Samuel came to Saul: and Saul said unto him, Blessedbe thou of the LORD: I have performed the commandment of the LORD…

the water

Exodus 17:6
Behold, I will stand before thee there upon the rock in Horeb; and thou shalt smite the rock, and there shall come water out of it, that the people may drink. And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel.

Deuteronomy 8:15
Who led thee through that great and terrible wilderness,wherein were fiery serpents, and scorpions, and drought, wherethere was no water; who brought thee forth water out of the rock of flint;

Hosea 13:5
I did know thee in the wilderness, in the land of great drought.

Jump to Previous

Abundantly Arm Beasts Blows Cattle Community Congregation Drank Drink Hand Lifted Lifteth Raised Rock Rod Smiteth Smote Staff Streaming Struck Twice Water

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Abundantly Arm Beasts Blows Cattle Community Congregation Drank Drink Hand Lifted Lifteth Raised Rock Rod Smiteth Smote Staff Streaming Struck Twice Water

Numbers 20

1.The children of Israel come to Zin, where Miriam dies.
2.They murmur for want of water
7.Moses smiting the rock, brings forth water at Meribah
14.Moses at Kadesh desires passage through Edom, which is denied him
22.At Mount Hor Aaron resigns his place to Eleazar, and dies

Study Bible

Book ◦ Chapter

Then Moses raised his hand
Moses, as the leader of the Israelites, often acted as an intermediary between God and the people. Raising his hand signifies an authoritative action, often associated with invoking divine power or judgment. This gesture is reminiscent of Moses raising his staff over the Red Sea (Exodus 14:16), symbolizing God's power working through him.

and struck the rock twice with his staff
The staff of Moses is a symbol of God's authority and power. Striking the rock twice indicates a deviation from God's command to simply speak to the rock (Numbers 20:8). This act of disobedience reflects a moment of human weakness and lack of faith, which ultimately led to Moses being denied entry into the Promised Land (Numbers 20:12). The rock is often seen as a type of Christ, as Paul notes in1 Corinthians 10:4, where Christ is the spiritual rock providing sustenance.

so that a great amount of water gushed out
The miraculous provision of water in the desert underscores God's mercy and provision for His people despite their complaints and Moses' disobedience. This event is a reminder of God's ability to provide abundantly, even in seemingly impossible situations. It also parallels the provision of manna, highlighting God's continuous care for Israel.

and the congregation and their livestock were able to drink
The provision of water not only for the people but also for their livestock emphasizes the completeness of God's provision. It reflects the pastoral care God has for His creation, ensuring that all needs are met. This act of provision is a testament to God's faithfulness to His covenant with Israel, despite their repeated failures and complaints.

Persons / Places / Events

1.Moses
The leader of the Israelites, chosen by God to lead His people out of Egypt and through the wilderness. In this passage, Moses acts in frustration and disobedience.

2.The Rock
A physical rock in the wilderness of Zin, which God commanded Moses to speak to in order to bring forth water for the Israelites.

3.The Israelites
The congregation of God's chosen people, who were wandering in the desert and in need of water.

4.The Wilderness of Zin
A desert region where the Israelites were camped, characterized by its arid conditions and lack of water.

5.Aaron
Moses' brother and the high priest, who was with Moses during this event and also faced consequences for the disobedience.

Teaching Points

Obedience to God's Commands
Moses' action of striking the rock instead of speaking to it, as God commanded, serves as a reminder of the importance of precise obedience to God's instructions.

The Consequences of Disobedience
Despite Moses' leadership and past faithfulness, his disobedience resulted in severe consequences, including being barred from entering the Promised Land. This teaches us that no one is above God's law.

God's Provision Despite Human Failure
Even in Moses' disobedience, God provided water for the people, demonstrating His faithfulness and mercy. This encourages us to trust in God's provision even when we fall short.

The Importance of Faith and Trust
Moses' failure to trust in God's word and act accordingly highlights the necessity of faith in our relationship with God. We are called to trust in His promises and act in faith.

Bible Study Questions and Answers

1.What is the meaning of Numbers 20:11?

2.How does Moses' action in Numbers 20:11 demonstrate disobedience to God's command?

3.What lessons about faith can we learn from Moses striking the rock?

4.How does Numbers 20:11 connect to Jesus as the "living water"?

5.What consequences did Moses face for his actions in Numbers 20:11?

6.How can we ensure our actions align with God's instructions today?

7.Why did Moses strike the rock instead of speaking to it in Numbers 20:11?

8.How does Numbers 20:11 reflect on Moses' leadership and obedience to God?

9.What theological implications arise from Moses' actions in Numbers 20:11?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Numbers 20?

11.Deuteronomy 3:26 indicates Moses was forbidden to enter the land—how does this affect the credibility of his supposed firsthand account?

12.How can 1 Corinthians 10:1–4 claim a supernatural “rock” that followed the Israelites when no archaeological evidence supports such a phenomenon?

13.Why does Psalm 78 emphasize miracles that lack corroboration in external historical records, such as water flowing from rocks?

14.Numbers 27:12–14: Why is Moses barred from entering the Promised Land for striking the rock, which seems like a minor offense?

What Does Numbers 20:11 Mean

Then Moses raised his hand

• Moses responds to the people’s desperate cries for water (Numbers 20:2-5).

• His uplifted hand signals authority granted by God, similar toExodus 17:11 when he raised his hands during battle.

• At this moment Moses is expected to speak to the rock (Numbers 20:8), yet his gesture hints he is moving toward a different course.

•Psalm 106:32-33 later notes that the people’s provocation “caused trouble for Moses,” underscoring the emotional pressure behind the lifted hand.

and struck the rock twice with his staff

• God had earlier instructed Moses to strike a rock once at Horeb (Exodus 17:6). Here, striking twice exposes doubt and frustration, departing from the simple act of speaking.

•Deuteronomy 32:51 confirms that this disobedience—failing to uphold God’s holiness before Israel—barred Moses from entering Canaan.

• The staff, once a symbol of obedience (Exodus 4:20), now illustrates that even trusted leaders can falter.

•1 Corinthians 10:4 identifies the wilderness rock as a type pointing to Christ; striking it twice distorts that typology, because the Messiah would be “struck” only once for sin (Hebrews 10:10).

so that a great amount of water gushed out

• Despite Moses’ error, God graciously provides. His faithfulness to His covenant people outshines human failure (Psalm 78:15-16;Isaiah 48:21).

• The abundance—“a great amount”—reminds us of God’s superabundant provision, echoed when Jesus multiplies loaves and fish (Matthew 14:20).

•Psalm 105:41 celebrates this miracle: “He opened a rock, and water gushed out; it flowed like a river in the desert.”

and the congregation and their livestock were able to drink

• God cares for the whole community—men, women, children, and even animals (Jonah 4:11).

• The scene mirrorsPsalm 23:1-2: “The LORD is my shepherd… He leads me beside quiet waters,” confirming His shepherd heart in barren places.

• Provision for livestock underscores future sustainability; the people can now continue toward the Promised Land (Numbers 32:1).

• This mercy, given immediately after grumbling, showcasesRomans 2:4: God’s kindness is meant to lead to repentance.

summary

Numbers 20:11 records a moment where God’s faithfulness meets human failure. Moses lifts his hand, but in frustration strikes the rock twice instead of speaking. Yet water still pours out abundantly, sustaining Israel and their animals. The episode reminds us that God keeps His promises even when His servants stumble, while also teaching that leaders must honor His holiness by obeying precisely.

Parallel Commentaries ...

Hebrew

Then Moses
מֹשֶׁ֜ה(mō·šeh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 4872:Moses -- a great Israelite leader, prophet and lawgiver

raised
וַיָּ֨רֶם(way·yā·rem)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7311:To be high actively, to rise, raise

his hand
יָד֗וֹ(yā·ḏōw)
Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 3027:A hand

and struck
וַיַּ֧ךְ(way·yaḵ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5221:To strike

the rock
הַסֶּ֛לַע(has·se·la‘)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5553:A craggy rock

twice
פַּעֲמָ֑יִם(pa·‘ă·mā·yim)
Noun - fd
Strong's 6471:A beat, foot, anvil, occurrence

with his staff,
בְּמַטֵּ֖הוּ(bə·maṭ·ṭê·hū)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 4294:A staff, rod, shaft, branch, a tribe

so that a great amount of
רַבִּ֔ים(rab·bîm)
Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 7227:Much, many, great

water
מַ֣יִם(ma·yim)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 4325:Water, juice, urine, semen

gushed out,
וַיֵּצְאוּ֙(way·yê·ṣə·’ū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 3318:To go, bring, out, direct and proxim

and the congregation
הָעֵדָ֖ה(hā·‘ê·ḏāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5712:A stated assemblage

and their livestock
וּבְעִירָֽם׃(ū·ḇə·‘î·rām)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 1165:Beasts, cattle

were able to drink.
וַתֵּ֥שְׁתְּ(wat·tê·šət)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 8354:To imbibe

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OT Law: Numbers 20:11 Moses lifted up his hand and struck (Nu Num.)