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◄ Numbers 2:3►

New International Version
On the east, toward the sunrise, the divisions of the camp of Judah are to encamp under their standard. The leader of the people of Judah is Nahshon son of Amminadab.

New Living Translation
“The divisions of Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun are to camp toward the sunrise on the east side of the Tabernacle, beneath their family banners. These are the names of the tribes, their leaders, and the numbers of their registered troops: Tribe Leader Number Judah Nahshon son of Amminadab 74,600

English Standard Version
Those to camp on the east side toward the sunrise shall be of the standard of the camp of Judah by their companies, the chief of the people of Judah being Nahshon the son of Amminadab,

Berean Standard Bible
On the east side, toward the sunrise, the divisions of Judah are to camp under their standard: The leader of the Judahites is Nahshon son of Amminadab,

King James Bible
And on the east side toward the rising of the sun shall they of the standard of the camp of Judah pitch throughout their armies: and Nahshon the son of Amminadabshall be captain of the children of Judah.

New King James Version
On the east side, toward the rising of the sun, those of the standard of the forces with Judah shall camp according to their armies; and Nahshon the son of Amminadabshall be the leader of the children of Judah.”

New American Standard Bible
Now those who camp on the east side toward the sunriseshall be of the flag of the camp of Judah, by their armies; and the leader of the sons of Judah: Nahshon the son of Amminadab,

NASB 1995
“Now those who camp on the east side toward the sunrise shall be of the standard of the camp of Judah, by their armies, and the leader of the sons of Judah: Nahshon the son of Amminadab,

NASB 1977
“Now those who camp on the east side toward the sunriseshall be of the standard of the camp of Judah, by their armies, and the leader of the sons of Judah: Nahshon the son of Amminadab,

Legacy Standard Bible
Now those who camp on the east side toward the sunriseshall be of the standard of the camp of Judah, by their armies, and the leader of the sons of Judah: Nahshon the son of Amminadab,

Amplified Bible
Those who camp on the east side toward the sunriseshall be of the standard of the camp of Judah, by their armies; and Nahshon the son of Amminadab shall lead the sons of Judah,

Christian Standard Bible
Judah’s military divisions will camp on the east side toward the sunrise under their banner. The leader of the descendants of Judah is Nahshon son of Amminadab.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Judah’s military divisions will camp on the east side toward the sunrise under their banner. The leader of the descendants of Judah is Nahshon son of Amminadab.

American Standard Version
And those that encamp on the east side toward the sunrising shall be they of the standard of the camp of Judah, according to their hosts: and the prince of the children of Judah shall be Nahshon the son of Amminadab.

English Revised Version
And those that pitch on the east side toward the sunrising shall be they of the standard of the camp of Judah, according to their hosts: and the prince of the children of Judah shall be Nahshon the son of Amminadab.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"On the east side, facing the rising sun, the armies led by [Judah] will camp under their flag. The leader for the people of Judah is Nahshon, son of Amminadab.

International Standard Version
"The encampment of Judah is to settle east toward the sunrise under their standard. The leader of Judah is to be Amminadab's son Nahshon.

NET Bible
"Now those who will be camping on the east, toward the sunrise, are the divisions of the camp of Judah under their standard. The leader of the people of Judah is Nahshon son of Amminadab.

New Heart English Bible
Those who camp on the east side toward the sunrise shall be of the standard of the camp of Judah, according to their divisions: and the prince of the people of Judah shall be Nahshon the son of Amminadab.

Webster's Bible Translation
And on the east side towards the rising of the sun shall they of the standard of the camp of Judah pitch throughout their armies: and Nahshon the son of Amminadab shall be captain of the children of Judah.

Majority Text Translations

Majority Standard Bible
On the east side, toward the sunrise, the divisions of Judah are to camp under their standard: The leader of the Judahites is Nahshon son of Amminadab,

World English Bible
“Those who encamp on the east side toward the sunrise shall be of the standard of the camp of Judah, according to their divisions. The prince of the children of Judah shall be Nahshon the son of Amminadab.

Literal Translations

Literal Standard Version
And those encamping eastward toward the sun-rising [are] of the standard of the camp of Judah, by their hosts; and the prince of the sons of Judah [is] Nahshon, son of Amminadab;

Young's Literal Translation
And those encamping eastward towards the sun-rising, are of the standard of the camp of Judah, by their hosts; and the prince of the sons of Judah is Nahshon, son of Amminadab;

Smith's Literal Translation
And they encamping eastward from the sunrising, the flag of the camp Judah for their warfare; and the chief for the sons of Judah, Nashon, son of Amminadab.

Catholic Translations

Douay-Rheims Bible
On the east Juda shall pitch his tents by the bands of his army: and the prince of his sons shall be Nahasson the son of Aminadab.

Catholic Public Domain Version
To the east, Judah shall fix his tents, by the companies of his army. And the leader of his sons shall be Nahshon the son of Amminadab.

New American Bible
Encamped on the east side, toward the sunrise, shall be the divisional camp of Judah, arranged in companies. The leader of the Judahites is Nahshon, son of Amminadab,

New Revised Standard Version
Those to camp on the east side toward the sunrise shall be of the regimental encampment of Judah by companies. The leader of the people of Judah shall be Nahshon son of Amminadab,

Translations from Aramaic

Lamsa Bible
Those who encamp first toward the east shall be of the standard of the camp of Judah throughout their armies; and Nahshon the son of Amminadab shall be chief of the children of Judah.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And they who camp first from the East are the troop of the camp of Yehuda, their army and the Ruler of the sons of Yehuda: Nakhshon son of Aminadab.

OT Translations

JPS Tanakh 1917
Now those that pitch on the east side toward the sunrising shall be they of the standard of the camp of Judah, according to their hosts; the prince of the children of Judah being Nahshon the son of Amminadab,

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And they that encamp first toward the eastshall be the order of the camp of Juda with their host, and the prince of the sons of Juda, Naasson the son of Aminadab.

Additional Translations ...

Audio Bible

Context

The Order of the Camps
…2“The Israelites are to camp around the Tent of Meeting at a distance from it, each man under his standard, with the banners of his family.3On the east side,toward the sunrise,the divisions of Judah are to camp under their standard:The leader of the descendants of Judah is Nahshon son of Amminadab,4and his division numbers 74,600.…

Berean Standard Bible ·Download

Cross References

Genesis 49:10
The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his.

Matthew 1:3
Judah was the father of Perez and Zerah by Tamar, Perez the father of Hezron, and Hezron the father of Ram.

Revelation 5:5
Then one of the elders said to me, “Do not weep! Behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has triumphed to open the scroll and its seven seals.”

Genesis 49:8
Judah, your brothers shall praise you. Your hand shall be on the necks of your enemies; your father’s sons shall bow down to you.

Hebrews 7:14
For it is clear that our Lord descended from Judah, a tribe as to which Moses said nothing about priests.

Revelation 7:5
From the tribe of Judah 12,000 were sealed, from the tribe of Reuben 12,000, from the tribe of Gad 12,000,

1 Chronicles 5:2
And though Judah prevailed over his brothers and a ruler came from him, the birthright belonged to Joseph.

Micah 5:2
But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, who are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come forth for Me One to be ruler over Israel—One whose origins are of old, from the days of eternity.

Matthew 2:6
‘But you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are by no means least among the rulers of Judah, for out of you will come a ruler who will be the shepherd of My people Israel.’”

Luke 3:33
the son of Amminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah,

Genesis 29:35
And once more she conceived and gave birth to a son and said, “This time I will praise the LORD.” So she named him Judah. Then Leah stopped having children.

Judges 1:2
“Judah shall go up,” answered the LORD. “Indeed, I have delivered the land into their hands.”

1 Chronicles 2:3-4
The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah. These three were born to him by Bath-shua the Canaanite. Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the sight of the LORD. So the LORD put him to death. / Tamar, Judah’s daughter-in-law, bore to him Perez and Zerah. Judah had five sons in all.

Isaiah 11:1
Then a shoot will spring up from the stump of Jesse, and a Branch from his roots will bear fruit.

Zechariah 10:6
I will strengthen the house of Judah and save the house of Joseph. I will restore them because I have compassion on them, and they will be as though I had not rejected them. For I am the LORD their God, and I will answer them.

Treasury of Scripture

And on the east side toward the rising of the sun shall they of the standard of the camp of Judah pitch throughout their armies: and Nahshon the son of Amminadab shall be captain of the children of Judah.

the standard

Genesis 49:8-10
Judah, thouart he whom thy brethren shall praise: thy handshall be in the neck of thine enemies; thy father's children shall bow down before thee…

Judges 1:1,2
Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them? …

1 Chronicles 5:2
For Judah prevailed above his brethren, and of himcame the chief ruler; but the birthrightwas Joseph's:)

Nahshon

Numbers 1:7
Of Judah; Nahshon the son of Amminadab.

Numbers 7:12,17
And he that offered his offering the first day was Nahshon the son of Amminadab, of the tribe of Judah: …

Numbers 10:14-16
In the firstplace went the standard of the camp of the children of Judah according to their armies: and over his hostwas Nahshon the son of Amminadab…

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Amminadab Ammin'adab Armies Camp Captain Chief Children Companies Dawn Divisions East Eastward Encamp Encamping Flag Hosts Judah Leader Nahshon Pitch Prince Rising Round Side Standard Sun Sunrise Sunrising Sun-Rising Tents Throughout Towards

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Numbers 2

1.The order of the tribes in their tents.

Study Bible

Book ◦ Chapter

On the east side, toward the sunrise
The east side holds significant symbolism in biblical texts, often representing new beginnings, hope, and divine presence. The Garden of Eden was placed in the east, and the entrance to the Tabernacle faced east, symbolizing the direction from which God's glory would come. The east is also associated with the coming of the Messiah, as seen in prophecies likeMalachi 4:2, which speaks of the "Sun of Righteousness" rising. This positioning of Judah on the east side underscores their prominence and leadership among the tribes.

the divisions of Judah are to camp under their standard
Judah, the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, was prophesied to be the leader among his brothers (Genesis 49:8-10). The tribe of Judah's standard, or banner, is traditionally associated with the lion, symbolizing strength and royalty. This foreshadows the coming of Jesus Christ, the "Lion of the tribe of Judah" (Revelation 5:5). The standard served as a rallying point for the tribe, emphasizing unity and identity. Judah's position at the forefront of the camp signifies their role as leaders and protectors.

The leader of the Judahites is Nahshon son of Amminadab
Nahshon, a prince of the tribe of Judah, is a significant figure in the lineage of Jesus Christ, as mentioned in the genealogies inMatthew 1:4 andLuke 3:32. His leadership during the wilderness journey highlights the continuity of God's promise to Judah. Nahshon's father, Amminadab, connects him to the priestly line, as Amminadab's daughter, Elisheba, married Aaron, the first high priest. This connection underscores the intertwining of royal and priestly lines, ultimately fulfilled in Christ, who is both King and High Priest.

Persons / Places / Events

1.Judah
One of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob and Leah. The tribe of Judah is significant for its leadership role and its connection to the lineage of King David and Jesus Christ.

2.Nahshon son of Amminadab
The appointed leader of the tribe of Judah during the Israelites' wilderness journey. Nahshon is noted for his leadership and is mentioned in the genealogy of Jesus in the New Testament.

3.East Side / Toward the Sunrise
The direction where the tribe of Judah was to camp. The east is often associated with new beginnings and hope, symbolizing the leadership and prominence of Judah among the tribes.

4.Standard
A banner or flag representing the tribe. Each tribe had its own standard, which served as a rallying point and symbol of identity.

5.Camp of Israel
The organized arrangement of the twelve tribes around the Tabernacle during their journey through the wilderness. This arrangement reflects order, unity, and the centrality of worship in the life of Israel.

Teaching Points

Leadership and Responsibility
Judah's position at the front of the camp signifies leadership. As Christians, we are called to lead by example, taking responsibility in our communities and churches.

Identity and Unity
The use of standards for each tribe highlights the importance of identity and unity. In the body of Christ, we are united under the banner of Jesus, each with unique roles and gifts.

Hope and New Beginnings
Camping toward the sunrise symbolizes hope and new beginnings. In Christ, we are given new life and the hope of eternal life.

Order and Worship
The organized camp around the Tabernacle underscores the importance of order and worship in our lives. Prioritizing worship and aligning our lives around God’s presence is crucial for spiritual growth.

Bible Study Questions and Answers

1.What is the meaning of Numbers 2:3?

2.How does Numbers 2:3 illustrate God's order in organizing the Israelite camp?

3.What significance does Judah's position "on the east" hold in biblical symbolism?

4.How can we apply the principle of order from Numbers 2:3 in church life?

5.Why is Judah's leadership role important in understanding Jesus' lineage and kingship?

6.How does Numbers 2:3 connect with other scriptures about God's plans for His people?

7.Why is Judah positioned to the east in Numbers 2:3?

8.What is the significance of Judah leading the camp in Numbers 2:3?

9.How does Numbers 2:3 reflect God's order and organization?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Numbers 2?

11.How plausible are the massive population figures in Numbers 2:3–31 when viewed through historical or archaeological evidence?

12.Who was Amminadab in the Bible?

13.2 Chronicles 13 - Are there any archaeological or extra-biblical sources that verify the details of this battle's scale and outcome?

14.Is there any extrabiblical documentation or material culture that corroborates the specific tribal arrangements in Numbers 2?

What Does Numbers 2:3 Mean

On the east side

“On the east side…” (Numbers 2:3)

•The camp was laid out in a perfect square around the tabernacle; location was not random but God-assigned, underscoring His right to order His people (Numbers 2:1-2).

•East was the direction of the tabernacle entrance (Exodus 27:13-16), so Judah’s position gave them the place of first approach to God’s dwelling.

•In Scripture the east often carries redemptive symbolism—light, beginning, and God’s glory coming in (Ezekiel 43:1-4).

•East also marked the side opposite the cherub-guarded exit from Eden (Genesis 3:24), hinting that Judah’s post becomes a gateway back to fellowship with God through the coming Messiah from this tribe (Genesis 49:10;Revelation 5:5).

toward the sunrise

“…toward the sunrise…” (Numbers 2:3)

•Sunrise signals new mercies each morning (Lamentations 3:22-23) and points to Jesus, the “Sunrise from on high” (Luke 1:78).

•By facing sunrise, Judah literally faced the light, a daily reminder that they were to walk in the light of the LORD (Isaiah 2:5).

•This orientation taught the people to begin every day looking toward the presence of God, not the wilderness behind them (Exodus 13:21-22).

the divisions of Judah

“…the divisions of Judah…” (Numbers 2:3)

•Judah was the largest tribe (Numbers 1:27) and was divinely chosen to lead the first of the four three-tribe “divisions” or camps (Numbers 2:9).

•Judah’s prominence fulfilled Jacob’s prophetic blessing that his brothers would praise him and follow his lead (Genesis 49:8).

•In marching order Judah moved out first (Numbers 10:14), demonstrating that worship and leadership arise from God’s chosen line.

under their standard

“…are to camp under their standard…” (Numbers 2:3)

•Each division had a banner—an identity marker and rallying point (Psalm 60:4).

•Standards unified the people while distinguishing their God-given roles (1 Corinthians 12:4-6).

•For believers today the ultimate standard is the cross of Christ, lifted up for all to gather beneath (John 12:32).

The leader of the Judahites is Nahshon son of Amminadab

“…The leader of the Judahites is Nahshon son of Amminadab.” (Numbers 2:3)

•Nahshon had already been presented as Judah’s chief during the census (Numbers 1:7).

•He appears in the royal genealogy leading to David and ultimately to Jesus (Ruth 4:20-22;Matthew 1:4), confirming God’s covenant faithfulness.

•His name consistently heading tribal lists (Numbers 7:12; 10:14) highlights steady, godly leadership—an example for every generation (1 Timothy 3:1-7).

summary

Numbers 2:3 assigns Judah the place of honor directly before the tabernacle entrance on the sunrise side, under their distinct banner, with Nahshon leading. God’s precise arrangement teaches that He governs worship, leadership, and order; it foreshadows the coming King from Judah who brings light and opens the way back to God.

Pulpit Commentary

Verse 3. -Onthe east. The van, the post of honour. The general direction indeed of their march was northwards, not eastwards; but nothing can obliterate the natural pre-eminence given to the east by the sunrise, the scattering of light upon the earth, the daily symbol of the day-spring from on high.The standard of the camp of Judah. Judah led the way not because he was the greatest in number, for the order of the tribes was not determined by this consideration, but because of his place in prophecy, and as the ancestor of the Messiah (Genesis 49:10). According to Aben Ezra and other Jewish expositors, the device upon the standard of Judah was a young lion, and this agrees withRevelation 5:5. The same authorities assign to Reuben a man, to Ephraim an ox (cf.Deuteronomy 33:17), to Dan an eagle. If it were so, we should find in these banners the origin of the forms of the living creatures in the visions of Ezekiel and St. John (Ezekiel 1:26;Ezekiel 10:1;Revelation 4:4-6), unless, indeed, the devices on the standards were themselves taken from the symbolic forms of the cherubim in the tabernacle, and these in their turn borrowed from the religious art of Egypt. But the tradition of the Jews is too fluctuating to carry any weight. The Targum of Palestine assigns to Judea the lion, but to Reuben a stag, to Ephraim a young man, and to Dan a basilisk serpent.

Parallel Commentaries ...

Hebrew

On the east side,
קֵ֣דְמָה(qê·ḏə·māh)
Adverb | third person feminine singular
Strong's 6924:The front, of place, time

toward the sunrise,
מִזְרָ֔חָה(miz·rā·ḥāh)
Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Strong's 4217:Place of sunrise, the east

the divisions
לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם(lə·ṣiḇ·’ō·ṯām)
Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 6635:A mass of persons, reg, organized for, war, a campaign

of Judah
יְהוּדָ֖ה(yə·hū·ḏāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3063:Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites

are to camp
וְהַחֹנִים֙(wə·ha·ḥō·nîm)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 2583:To incline, to decline, to pitch a, tent, gen, to encamp

under their banner:
דֶּ֛גֶל(de·ḡel)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1714:A standard, banner

The leader
וְנָשִׂיא֙(wə·nā·śî)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5387:An exalted one, a king, sheik, a rising mist

of the sons
לִבְנֵ֣י(liḇ·nê)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121:A son

of Judah
יְהוּדָ֔ה(yə·hū·ḏāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3063:Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites

is Nahshon
נַחְשׁ֖וֹן(naḥ·šō·wn)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 5177:Nahshon -- brother-in-law of Aaron

son
בֶּן־(ben-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1121:A son

of Amminadab,
עַמִּינָדָֽב׃(‘am·mî·nā·ḏāḇ)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 5992:Amminadab -- 'my kinsman is noble', the name of several Israelites

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OT Law: Numbers 2:3 Those who encamp on the east side (Nu Num.)