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Luke 5:30
But their scribes and Pharisees murmured against his disciples, saying, Why do ye eat and drink with publicans and sinners?

Luke 15:2,28-30
And the Pharisees and scribes murmured, saying, This man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them…

Luke 19:7
And when they sawit, they all murmured, saying, That he was gone to be guest with a man that is a sinner.

they began to grumble
Grumbling here indicates dissatisfaction and a sense of injustice among the workers who labored longer. This mirrors the human tendency to compare oneself with others and feel entitled to more based on effort or time. Biblically, grumbling is often associated with a lack of faith or trust in God's provision, as seen in the Israelites' complaints in the wilderness (Exodus 16:2-3). This attitude contrasts with the call to rejoice in others' blessings and trust in God's equitable justice.

against the landowner
The landowner represents God, who is sovereign and just in His dealings. The workers' grumbling against him highlights a misunderstanding of God's grace and generosity. In the cultural context, a landowner had the right to manage his resources as he saw fit, reflecting God's authority over His creation. This part of the parable challenges the audience to trust in God's wisdom and fairness, even when it defies human expectations. The landowner's actions echo the biblical theme that God's ways are higher than human ways (Isaiah 55:8-9).

• The workers have just been paid the day’s wage that was agreed upon at dawn (Matthew 20:2, “He agreed to pay them a denarius for the day and sent them into his vineyard,”).

• Their response begins the moment the coins hit their hands—showing how quickly discontent can replace gratitude (cf.Luke 17:17-18 where only one healed leper returns to thank Jesus).

• Scripture consistently portrays God as faithful to meet His promises; any perceived shortfall is never on His side (Numbers 23:19;Psalm 145:13).

• This snapshot reminds us that payday is a test of heart attitude, not merely a transaction (Colossians 3:23-24, “Whatever you do, work at it with your whole being, for it is the Lord Christ you are serving,”).

• Grumbling here is more than casual complaint; it is open discontent—a heart posture Scripture repeatedly warns against (Exodus 16:2;1 Corinthians 10:10).

• The verb tense suggests an ongoing murmur, spreading like yeast among the workers (Galatians 5:9).

• Grumbling flows from comparison: the late-hour hires received the same wage, upsetting those who worked all day. Comparison blinds us to grace (John 21:22, “What is that to you? You must follow Me,”).

•Philippians 2:14 calls believers to “Do everything without complaining or arguing,” showing that gratitude is the antidote to grumbling.

• Their complaint is directed at the very one who offered them work and kept his promise—symbolic of how sinners aim their accusations at God despite His generosity (Romans 9:20).

• In the parable, the landowner represents the Lord who bestows grace as He wills (Matthew 20:15, “Do I not have the right to do as I please with what is mine?”).

• Grumbling “against” authority echoes Israel’s wilderness pattern: “You are not grumbling against us, but against the LORD” (Exodus 16:8).

•James 5:9 warns, “Do not grumble against one another, brothers, so that you will not be judged,” reminding us that complaint invites divine scrutiny.

Matthew 20:11 exposes the human tendency to trade thankfulness for jealousy the moment God’s generosity toward others surpasses our expectations. The early laborers received exactly what was promised, yet their eyes shifted from the landowner’s faithfulness to their neighbors’ fortune, birthing complaint. The verse challenges us to rejoice in the Master’s unwavering justice and boundless grace, refusing to compare, complain, or question His goodness.

The goodman of the house.--Better,householder. The Greek word is the same as inMatthew 20:1, and the archaic English phrase is a needless variation.