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Galatians 3:10
For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursedis every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.

James 2:10,11
For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in onepoint, he is guilty of all…

Thou shalt do.

Matthew 5:21-28
Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment: …

Exodus 20:12-17
Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee…

Deuteronomy 5:16-21
Honour thy father and thy mother, as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee; that thy days may be prolonged, and that it may go well with thee, in the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee…

Jesus answered, “Do not murder,
Jesus begins His response by citing the sixth commandment from the Decalogue (Exodus 20:13;Deuteronomy 5:17). This commandment is foundational to the sanctity of life, a principle deeply rooted in the creation narrative where humanity is made in the image of God (Genesis 1:27). The prohibition against murder underscores the value God places on human life and serves as a reminder of the moral order established by God. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus expands on this commandment, teaching that even harboring anger against another is subject to judgment (Matthew 5:21-22).

do not commit adultery,
The seventh commandment (Exodus 20:14;Deuteronomy 5:18) addresses the sanctity of marriage, a covenant relationship instituted by God (Genesis 2:24). Adultery is not only a violation of this covenant but also a sin against God, who designed marriage to reflect His faithfulness and love. In the cultural context of first-century Judaism, adultery was a serious offense, often punishable by death (Leviticus 20:10). Jesus further intensifies this commandment by teaching that even lustful thoughts are equivalent to adultery in the heart (Matthew 5:27-28).

do not steal,
The eighth commandment (Exodus 20:15;Deuteronomy 5:19) protects personal property and promotes trust within the community. Stealing undermines social stability and reflects a lack of contentment with God's provision. In the broader biblical narrative, theft is often associated with greed and covetousness, which are condemned throughout Scripture (Proverbs 15:27;1 Corinthians 6:10). Jesus' inclusion of this commandment highlights the importance of integrity and respect for others' possessions.

do not bear false witness,
The ninth commandment (Exodus 20:16;Deuteronomy 5:20) emphasizes the importance of truthfulness and justice. Bearing false witness, particularly in a legal context, can lead to unjust outcomes and harm to innocent individuals. In ancient Israel, the legal system relied heavily on the testimony of witnesses, making honesty crucial for maintaining justice. Jesus' teaching consistently upholds truth as a reflection of God's character (John 14:6) and warns against deceit, which aligns with the nature of Satan (John 8:44).

The rich young man has just heard Jesus say, “If you want to enter life, keep the commandments” (Matthew 19:17). His follow-up—“Which ones?”—reveals two things:

•A sincere desire to do whatever is required for eternal life.

•A common tendency to treat God’s commands as a checklist, assuming some are optional or of greater weight than others.

Jesus responds by naming commands that summarize love for neighbor (Romans 13:9;Galatians 5:14). By directing the man to well-known commandments, Jesus affirms the unchanging moral law while exposing the man’s incomplete understanding of true righteousness (James 2:10).

“Do not murder.” (Matthew 19:18)

•This echoesExodus 20:13 andDeuteronomy 5:17.

•Scripture broadens the scope beyond the physical act: “Everyone who hates his brother is a murderer” (1 John 3:15).

•Genesis 9:6 grounds the prohibition in the image of God; each life carries divine worth.

•When Jesus selects this command, He reminds the seeker that eternal life involves honoring that divine image in every person, not merely avoiding homicide but guarding the heart against anger (Matthew 5:21-22).

“Do not commit adultery.” (Matthew 19:18)

•Taken straight fromExodus 20:14.

•Adultery violates the covenant picture of Christ and the church (Ephesians 5:31-32).

•Jesus intensifies the command: “Everyone who looks at a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart” (Matthew 5:28).

•The call is to purity of heart, preserving marriage, and modeling God’s faithfulness (Malachi 2:15-16;Hebrews 13:4).

“Do not steal.” (Matthew 19:18)

•FromExodus 20:15.

•Stealing disregards God’s provision and the rights of others (Ephesians 4:28).

•Leviticus 19:13 links theft to injustice; restitution is required (Exodus 22:1-4).

•Believers move from taking to giving, reflecting Christ’s generosity (Acts 20:35).

“Do not bear false witness.” (Matthew 19:18)

•Rooted inExodus 20:16, originally addressing courtroom testimony but encompassing all deceit (Proverbs 6:16-19).

•God’s nature is truth (Numbers 23:19;John 14:6); lying aligns with the devil (John 8:44).

•Ephesians 4:25 calls the church to “speak the truth each to his neighbor” because we are members of one another.

•Integrity protects community, safeguards justice, and mirrors the faithfulness of God (Psalm 15:1-2).

InMatthew 19:18 Jesus answers the rich young man’s “Which ones?” by listing commandments that govern our relationships with people. Each command reflects the larger principle of loving one’s neighbor and exposes the heart, showing that eternal life is not earned by external compliance but revealed through inward transformation that only God can accomplish (Matthew 19:25-26).

Thou shalt do no murder.--Our Lord's answer was clearly determined by the method of which we have ventured to speak as calling up the thought of that of Socrates. To a questioner of another type of character He would have pointed (as inMatthew 22:37) to the two great commandments, the love of God, and the love of man, on which hung all the Law and the Prophets. Here it was more in harmony with His loving purpose to leave out of sight altogether the commandments of the first table, that tell men of their duty towards God, and to direct attention only to those which, as speaking of our duty to our neighbour, were thought common and familiar things. The change in the order of the commandments, so that the Fifth follows those which in the Decalogue it precedes, seems to imply a design to lead the seeker through the negative to the positive forms of law, through definite prohibitions of single acts to the commandments which were "exceeding broad," as fulfilled only in the undefined region of the affections.