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Micah 7:5
Trust ye not in a friend, put ye not confidence in a guide: keep the doors of thy mouth from her that lieth in thy bosom.

Mark 13:9,12
But take heed to yourselves: for they shall deliver you up to councils; and in the synagogues ye shall be beaten: and ye shall be brought before rulers and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them…

Acts 14:5,6
And when there was an assault made both of the Gentiles, and also of the Jews with their rulers, to usethem despitefully, and to stone them, …

for.

Matthew 24:9,10
Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all nations for my name's sake…

Mark 13:9
But take heed to yourselves: for they shall deliver you up to councils; and in the synagogues ye shall be beaten: and ye shall be brought before rulers and kings for my sake, for a testimony against them.

Luke 12:11
And when they bring you unto the synagogues, andunto magistrates, and powers, take ye no thought how or what thing ye shall answer, or what ye shall say:

councils.

Matthew 5:22
But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire.

Matthew 26:59
Now the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought false witness against Jesus, to put him to death;

John 11:47
Then gathered the chief priests and the Pharisees a council, and said, What do we? for this man doeth many miracles.

scourge.

Matthew 20:19
And shall deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucifyhim: and the third day he shall rise again.

Matthew 23:34
Wherefore, behold, I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes: andsome of them ye shall kill and crucify; andsome of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues, and persecutethem from city to city:

Deuteronomy 25:2,3
And it shall be, if the wicked manbe worthy to be beaten, that the judge shall cause him to lie down, and to be beaten before his face, according to his fault, by a certain number…

for they will hand you over to their councils
The "councils" refer to local Jewish governing bodies known as Sanhedrins, which were responsible for religious and civil matters. These councils had the authority to judge and punish those they deemed to be blasphemers or heretics. This phrase foreshadows the trials and tribulations the apostles and early Christians would face, as seen in the Book of Acts, where figures like Peter and Paul are brought before such councils (Acts 4:1-22,Acts 22:30-23:10).

and flog you in their synagogues
Flogging was a common form of punishment in Jewish law, often administered in synagogues, which served as community centers for worship and legal matters. This practice is rooted inDeuteronomy 25:1-3, where the law prescribes flogging for certain offenses. The mention of synagogues highlights the religious opposition the disciples would face, as these were places of Jewish worship and teaching. This persecution is a type of the suffering Christ endured, as He was also flogged and rejected by His own people (John 19:1).

“But beware of men” is Jesus’ gentle but sober alert to His disciples. He is not stoking paranoia, but cultivating realistic vigilance.

•People, not merely circumstances, will oppose the gospel. The hostility is personal, rooted in hearts that resist truth (John 3:19–20;2 Timothy 3:13).

•Dependence on God does not cancel common-sense caution. Jesus Himself “was not entrusting Himself to them, because He knew all men” (John 2:24–25).

•The warning echoesProverbs 29:25: “The fear of man lays a snare.” We note the snare, yet choose courage over retreat (Acts 4:19–20).

Jesus specifies the kind of opposition: “they will hand you over to their councils”.

•“Councils” points to local tribunals—smaller versions of the Sanhedrin—where religious and civic leaders sat in judgment (Matthew 5:22).

•The disciples will experience formal, organized resistance, not just random mistreatment. This came true inActs 5:27–41 when the apostles stood before the council and were ordered not to speak in Jesus’ name.

•The Lord’s foresight comforts us: every courtroom scene is already in His script (Acts 23:11). Knowing we might face official pressure keeps us from surprise or despair (1 Peter 4:12–14).

The opposition intensifies: “and flog you in their synagogues”.

•Flogging was a public, humiliating punishment administered by synagogue leaders for perceived blasphemy or heresy (Deuteronomy 25:1–3).

•This prophecy literally came to pass. Paul testified, “Five times I received from the Jews the forty lashes minus one” (2 Corinthians 11:24; cf.Acts 22:19; 26:11).

•Israel’s own sacred spaces would become places of pain for Christ’s messengers. Yet Jesus sets the expectation so that when it happens, faith stands, not staggers (John 16:1–4).

•Even physical suffering cannot silence the gospel. After being whipped, the apostles left “rejoicing that they had been considered worthy to suffer disgrace for the Name” (Acts 5:40–42).

Matthew 10:17 is Jesus’ candid briefing for His followers: stay alert; expect institutional pushback; endure even bodily harm. Forewarned, we hold fast to Him who foreknew every lash and council chamber. Hostile men may bruise His servants, but they cannot break the mission or the Master who already overcame the world (John 16:33).

They will scourge you in their synagogues.--The words imply the actual infliction of the punishment within the walls of the building. To us this appears something like desecration, but there is no reason for thinking that it did so to the Jews, and St. Paul's language inActs 22:19;Acts 26:11, seems to place the fact beyond the shadow of a doubt. The stripes of which the Apostle speaks in2Corinthians 11:24, were probably thus and there inflicted.

(1) has incorporated into the present address of our Lord's on missionary work warnings actually given in his great address at Jerusalem on the fall of the city and the end of the world; and

(2) to some extent repeats these warnings in their proper place. (For the further parallel of vers. 19, 20 toLuke 12:11, 12,vide in loc.; cf. also the note on "and they will scourge," in this verse.)Butbeware. Apparently in contrast to being only "dove-like"; but it is no wonder that the connexion with ver. 16 should be rather harsh if the passage be really taken from a later speech ("But take ye heed," etc.,Mark 13:9).Of men. Generically (τῶν ἀνθρώπων), regarded as one hostile body (cf. Meyer). The culminating point of that opposition to God which is innate in fallen humanity is found in the deification of the Roman emperors (cf. Bishop Westcott's essay on the Two Empires, § 3, in his Epistles of St. John).For they will deliver you upto the (omit "the," with the Revised Version)councils (εἰςσυνέδρια,Matthew 5:22, note); "Synedria, uhi proceres conveniunt; synagogae, ubi etiam populus" (Bengel).And they will scourge you in their synagogues (the order of the words is reversed in the Revised Version). With this compareMatthew 23:34, where our Lord says, "Therefore, behold, I send [ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω:cf. ver. 16, note] unto you prophets.., and some of them ye shall scourge in your synagogues, and (cf. ver. 23,infra) persecute from city to city." Is our present passage a reminiscence of this also? For the fulfilment of this prophecy cf.Acts 22:19 (26:11). Farrar ('St. Paul,' 1. App. 11.) thus summarizes the enactments on Jewish scourging as recorded in the Mishna ('Makkoth'): "Even a single Jewish scourging might well entitle any man to be regarded as a martyr. Thirty-nine blows were inflicted, unless, indeed, it was found that the strength of the patient was too much exhausted to admit of his receiving the full number. Both of his bands were tied to what is sometimes called a column. but which was in reality a stake a cubit and a half high. The public officer then tore down his robe until his breast was laid bare. The executioner stood on a stone behind the criminal. The scourge consisted of two thongs, one of which was composed of four strands of calf's skin, and one or two strands of ass's skin, which passed through a hole in a handle. The executioner, who was ordinarily theChazzan of the synagogue, could thus shorten or lengthen them at will, so as not to strike too low. The prisoner bent to receive the blows, which were inflicted with one hand, but with all the force of the striker, thirteen on the breast, thirteen on the right and thirteen on the left shoulder. While the punishment was going on, the chief judge read aloudDeuteronomy 28:58, 59, 'If thou wilt not observe to do all the words of this law that are written in this book, that thou mayest fear this glorious and fearful name, the Lord thy God; then the Lord will make thy plagues ["strokes"] wonderful, and the plagues of thy seed.' He then readDeuteronomy 29:9, 'Keep therefore the words of this covenant, and do them, that ye may prosper in all ye do;' and lastly,Psalm 78:38, 39, 'But he, being full of compassion, forgave their iniquity, and destroyed them not: yea, many a time turned he his anger away. and did not stir up all his wrath.' If the punishment was not over by the time that these three passages were read, they were again repeated, and so timed as to end exactly with the punishment itself Meanwhile a second judge numbered the blows, and a third before each blow exclaimed, 'Hakkehu ('strike him') The severity of the pain may best be estimated by the brief addition, 'If the criminal die under the infliction, the executioner is not accounted guilty unless he gives by mistake a single blow too many, in which case he is banished.'"

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