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1 Samuel 12:21
And turn ye not aside: forthen should ye go after vainthings, which cannot profit nor deliver; for theyare vain.

Malachi 3:14
Ye have said, Itis vain to serve God: and what profitis it that we have kept his ordinance, and that we have walked mournfully before the LORD of hosts?

Matthew 6:7
But when ye pray, use not vain repetitions, as the heathendo: for they think that they shall be heard for their much speaking.

the commandments.

Deuteronomy 12:32
What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt not add thereto, nor diminish from it.

Colossians 2:22
Which all are to perish with the using;) after the commandments and doctrines of men?

1 Timothy 4:1-3
Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils; …

they teach as doctrine
Here, Jesus criticizes the religious leaders for elevating human traditions to the level of divine commandments. This reflects a broader theme in the Gospels where Jesus challenges the legalism and traditionalism of the Pharisees. The term "doctrine" implies teachings that are considered authoritative and binding. By teaching human precepts as doctrine, the leaders are misleading the people and distorting the true message of God's law. This critique is relevant to the broader biblical narrative, where God consistently calls His people to adhere to His Word rather than human inventions.

the precepts of men.’
This phrase underscores the human origin of the teachings that the Pharisees are promoting. In contrast to the divine origin of Scripture, these "precepts of men" are man-made rules and traditions that have been added to God's law. This reflects a common issue in religious practice where human traditions can overshadow or even contradict the teachings of Scripture. The emphasis on "men" highlights the fallibility and limitations of human wisdom compared to divine revelation. This critique is consistent with other biblical passages that warn against adding to or taking away from God's Word (Deuteronomy 4:2,Revelation 22:18-19).

- The focus of worship is the Lord Himself; anything less is idolatry (Exodus 20:3;Psalm 96:9).

- Jesus is claiming the divine prerogative to receive worship, echoing passages likeJohn 20:28 andHebrews 1:6.

- True worship involves spirit and truth (John 4:23-24) and is grounded in obedience (1 Samuel 15:22).

- “Vain” points to emptiness—outward activity with no inward reality (Isaiah 29:13, the Old-Testament source Jesus is quoting).

- God rejects worship that lacks heart engagement (Amos 5:21-24;Malachi 1:10).

- Even impressive religious acts can be worthless if detached from genuine faith (1 Corinthians 13:1-3;Matthew 7:21-23).

- Doctrine must come from God’s revealed word (2 Timothy 3:16-17).

- Substituting human ideas for divine truth leads to spiritual blindness (Matthew 15:14) and bondage (John 8:31-32).

- Paul repeatedly warns against man-made teachings masquerading as gospel (Colossians 2:8;1 Timothy 4:1;Galatians 1:8-9).

- Adding or replacing Scripture with human rules violatesDeuteronomy 4:2 andRevelation 22:18-19.

- Traditions become toxic when they override God’s commands (Mark 7:8-13).

- Believers are called to test everything by the word (Acts 17:11) and hold fast to what is good (1 Thessalonians 5:21), refusing empty myths (Titus 1:14).

Jesus exposes worship that looks pious but is hollow because it rests on human tradition instead of God’s word. Real worship honors Christ, springs from a sincere heart, and aligns with Scripture, not with invented rules.

The commandments.--The two Greek words used for "commandment" in this and the following verses are, as has been said in the Note onMatthew 15:9, not quite the same in meaning; that in this verse pointing to many detailed precepts; that in the next to the commandment which is "exceeding broad."

Parallel Commentaries ...