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Exodus 2:25
And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect untothem.

2 Kings 13:23
And the LORD was gracious unto them, and had compassion on them, and had respect unto them, because of his covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and would not destroy them, neither cast he them from his presence as yet.

Nehemiah 2:20
Then answered I them, and said unto them, The God of heaven, he will prosper us; therefore we his servants will arise and build: but ye have no portion, nor right, nor memorial, in Jerusalem.

make you

Genesis 17:6,7,20
And I will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make nations of thee, and kings shall come out of thee…

Genesis 26:4
And I will make thy seed to multiply as the stars of heaven, and will give unto thy seed all these countries; and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed;

Genesis 28:3,14
And God Almighty bless thee, and make thee fruitful, and multiply thee, that thou mayest be a multitude of people; …

establish

Genesis 6:18
But with thee will I establish my covenant; and thou shalt come into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons' wives with thee.

Genesis 17:7
And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee.

Exodus 6:4
And I have also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land of their pilgrimage, wherein they were strangers.

and make you fruitful and multiply you
This promise echoes the original blessing given to Adam and Eve inGenesis 1:28 and later to Noah inGenesis 9:1. It signifies not only physical multiplication but also prosperity and success in various aspects of life. In the agrarian society of ancient Israel, fruitfulness was directly linked to agricultural success and the growth of families, which were seen as signs of divine favor. This promise also connects to the Abrahamic covenant inGenesis 17:6, where God promises to make Abraham exceedingly fruitful.

and I will establish My covenant with you
The covenant mentioned here refers to the Mosaic Covenant, which was established at Mount Sinai. This covenant was conditional, based on Israel's obedience to God's laws. The establishment of the covenant implies a reaffirmation and continuation of the relationship between God and Israel. It also points forward to the New Covenant prophesied inJeremiah 31:31-34, which is fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who establishes an eternal covenant through His sacrifice. The concept of covenant is central to understanding the biblical narrative, as it outlines the terms of the relationship between God and His people.

- The Lord’s personal attention is promised; He is not distant but actively “turns” toward His people.

- When God faces His people, favor replaces alienation (Psalm 80:3;Numbers 6:25).

- This turning follows obedience spelled out earlier inLeviticus 26; blessing is relational, not mechanical (Deuteronomy 30:9–10;2 Chronicles 7:14).

- Assurance: “If God is for us, who can be against us?” (Romans 8:31).

- Fruitfulness includes abundant harvests and thriving families (Genesis 1:28;Deuteronomy 28:4).

- God Himself is the source; human effort alone cannot secure lasting increase (Psalm 127:1–3).

- Spiritual application: believers bear “fruit of righteousness” when abiding in Him (John 15:5;Philippians 1:11).

- Expansion echoes God’s covenant words to Abraham: “I will make you exceedingly fruitful” (Genesis 17:6).

- Multiplication signals stability and future security (Exodus 1:7;Ezekiel 36:10–11).

- For the church, it foreshadows the spread of the gospel to “all nations” (Matthew 28:19;Acts 9:31).

- God’s blessings rest on a covenant foundation, not fleeting emotion (Genesis 17:7;Exodus 6:4).

- “Establish” underscores certainty; His promises are irrevocable (Psalm 89:34;Hebrews 6:17–18).

- The ultimate fulfillment is the new covenant in Christ’s blood, extending grace to Jew and Gentile alike (Jeremiah 31:31–33;Luke 22:20;Galatians 3:14).

Leviticus 26:9 assures obedient Israel of God’s attentive favor, abundant increase, and unshakable covenant. These promises reveal His character: personally involved, generous in blessing, and faithful to His word—truths that continue to anchor faith today.

And multiply you, and establish my covenant with you.--That is, by multiplying them as the stars of heaven and the sand of the sea, God fulfil the covenant which He made with their fathers (Genesis 12:2;Genesis 13:16;Genesis 15:5;Genesis 22:17;Exodus 23:26). . . .

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