The hands of compassionate womenThis phrase highlights the shocking reversal of natural affection and maternal instincts due to extreme circumstances. In ancient Israelite culture, women were often seen as the primary caregivers, embodying compassion and nurturing. The use of "compassionate" underscores the unnaturalness of the situation, as these women, known for their tenderness, are driven to actions contrary to their nature. This reflects the severity of the siege and famine conditions described in
2 Kings 6:28-29, where similar desperate acts occurred.
have cooked their own children
The act of cooking one's own children is a horrific fulfillment of the curses outlined inDeuteronomy 28:53-57, where God warns Israel of the dire consequences of disobedience, including cannibalism during sieges. This phrase serves as a stark reminder of the covenantal relationship between God and Israel, where blessings and curses were contingent upon obedience. The historical context of the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem in 586 BC provides the backdrop for this desperate act, illustrating the extreme deprivation and moral collapse during the city's destruction.
who became their food
This phrase emphasizes the dire necessity and the complete breakdown of societal norms and family structures. The consumption of children as food is a literal and symbolic representation of the judgment and devastation that has befallen Jerusalem. It serves as a vivid illustration of the consequences of sin and rebellion against God, as prophesied by Jeremiah and other prophets. The act of eating one's offspring is a reversal of the life-giving role of a parent, highlighting the depth of despair and the collapse of hope.
in the destruction of the daughter of my people
The "daughter of my people" is a poetic expression referring to Jerusalem and its inhabitants, often used in prophetic literature to convey a sense of endearment and lament. The destruction mentioned here is the result of the Babylonian conquest, a pivotal event in Jewish history that led to the exile. This phrase connects to the broader theme of divine judgment and the fulfillment of prophetic warnings, as seen inJeremiah 19:9 andEzekiel 5:10. It also foreshadows the eventual hope of restoration and redemption, as God's covenant with Israel includes promises of future renewal despite current devastation.
Persons / Places / Events
1.
Compassionate WomenThese are mothers who, under normal circumstances, would be nurturing and protective. The extremity of their actions highlights the severity of the situation.
2.
ChildrenRepresent innocence and the future generation, tragically caught in the dire circumstances of the siege.
3.
Destruction of the Daughter of My PeopleRefers to the devastation of Jerusalem and its people during the Babylonian siege, a result of prolonged disobedience to God.
4.
JerusalemThe city under siege, representing the heart of the Jewish nation and their spiritual center.
5.
Babylonian SiegeThe historical event where Babylon besieged Jerusalem, leading to extreme famine and suffering.
Teaching Points
The Severity of Sin's ConsequencesSin leads to devastating consequences, not only spiritually but also physically and socially. The extremity of the situation in
Lamentations 4:10 serves as a stark reminder of the seriousness of turning away from God.
The Depth of Human DesperationIn times of extreme distress, human behavior can become unrecognizable. This passage challenges us to consider how we respond to crises and where we place our trust.
The Importance of Obedience to GodThe events in Lamentations are a direct result of the people's disobedience. This serves as a call to prioritize obedience and faithfulness to God in our lives.
Compassion in CrisisEven in dire circumstances, the call to maintain compassion and humanity remains. This passage challenges us to uphold our values even when tested.
Hope in RestorationDespite the grim circumstances, Lamentations ultimately points to the hope of restoration and God's faithfulness. We are reminded that God’s mercy is new every morning, even after judgment.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of Lamentations 4:10?
2.How does Lamentations 4:10 illustrate the severity of Jerusalem's suffering and sin?
3.What lessons can we learn about God's judgment from Lamentations 4:10?
4.How does Lamentations 4:10 connect with Deuteronomy 28:53 on covenant curses?
5.How can we apply the warnings of Lamentations 4:10 to modern society?
6.What role does repentance play in avoiding consequences like those in Lamentations 4:10?
7.How does Lamentations 4:10 reflect the severity of Jerusalem's siege and suffering?
8.What historical events led to the dire circumstances described in Lamentations 4:10?
9.How should believers reconcile the graphic imagery in Lamentations 4:10 with a loving God?
10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Lamentations 4?
11.(Lamentations 4:10) Is the claim that mothers cooked their children historically accurate or a hyperbolic contradiction of a loving God?
12.2 Kings 6:24–29: Is there any historical or archaeological proof of Samaria’s siege and reported cannibalism?
13.Jeremiah 19:9 — Is there any credible historical record apart from the Bible indicating that Jerusalem’s inhabitants resorted to cannibalism under siege?
14.(Leviticus 26:29) Do we have any archaeological or recorded history of Israelites resorting to cannibalism precisely as this curse suggests?What Does Lamentations 4:10 Mean
The hands of compassionate women• The phrase highlights that the women involved were ordinarily tender-hearted mothers, not hardened criminals.
• Scripture often depicts mothers as symbols of care (Isaiah 49:15;1 Kings 3:26). Here that natural compassion is tragically reversed.
• This reversal fulfills earlier warnings that sin and covenant breach would twist even the most basic human instincts (Deuteronomy 28:56–57;Leviticus 26:29).
• The verse forces us to see how judgment can distort what God created for nurture into agents of unimaginable pain (Romans 1:26–32).
have cooked their own children• The action is literal: famine during Babylon’s siege drove people to cannibalism (2 Kings 25:1–3).
• Similar horrors occurred in the earlier siege of Samaria (2 Kings 6:26–29), showing this is not isolated but a pattern when a nation rejects God.
• Jeremiah had prophesied this very outcome (Jeremiah 19:9), underscoring God’s faithfulness to His word—both promises and warnings.
• The detail “cooked” underscores deliberate, prolonged agony, contrasting sharply with the quickness of battle death (Lamentations 4:9).
who became their food• The children, once a blessing (Psalm 127:3), now become sustenance, illustrating the curses that replace blessings when covenant is spurned (Deuteronomy 28:53).
• The grotesque turn pictures sin’s ultimate fruit: life consumed instead of nurtured (James 1:15).
• It also shows that human solutions apart from God lead to self-destruction (Proverbs 14:12).
in the destruction of the daughter of my people• “Daughter of my people” is Jeremiah’s term of endearment for Jerusalem (Jeremiah 14:17), reminding readers that judgment fell on a beloved, not a faceless enemy.
• The “destruction” refers to Babylon’s 586 BC conquest (2 Kings 25:8–10).
• God had been patient for generations (2 Chronicles 36:15–16), but persistent rebellion brought the promised consequence (Ezekiel 5:10).
• Even in devastation, the covenant story is moving toward hope; later chapters promise restoration (Lamentations 3:21–23;Jeremiah 31:31–34).
summaryLamentations 4:10 portrays the unthinkable: tender mothers resorting to cannibalism during Jerusalem’s siege. The verse fulfills earlier divine warnings, illustrates how sin corrupts the most compassionate instincts, and underscores the severity of God’s judgment when a nation rejects Him. Yet the broader context of Lamentations reminds us that even in deepest darkness, God’s mercies are new every morning and His redemptive plan remains intact.
(10)
The hands of the pitiful women.--See Note on
Lamentations 2:20.
Verse 10. -
The pitiful women. Strange contrast between the compassionate nature of woman (comp.
Isaiah 49:15) and the dread horrors of this moral as well as physical catastrophe (comp. note on Lamentations 2:20).
Parallel Commentaries ...
Hebrew
The handsיְדֵ֗י(yə·ḏê)Noun - fdc
Strong's 3027:A handof compassionateרַחֲמָ֣נִיּ֔וֹת(ra·ḥă·mā·nî·yō·wṯ)Adjective - feminine plural
Strong's 7362:Compassionatewomenנָשִׁים֙(nā·šîm)Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 802:Woman, wife, femalehave cookedבִּשְּׁל֖וּ(biš·šə·lū)Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 1310:To boil up, cooking, to ripentheir own children,יַלְדֵיהֶ֑ן(yal·ḏê·hen)Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine plural
Strong's 3206:Something born, a lad, offspringwho becameהָי֤וּ(hā·yū)Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 1961:To fall out, come to pass, become, betheir foodלְבָרוֹת֙(lə·ḇā·rō·wṯ)Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct
Strong's 1262:To select, to feed, to render clearin the destructionבְּשֶׁ֖בֶר(bə·še·ḇer)Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 7667:A breaking, fracture, crushing, breach, crashof the daughterבַּת־(baṯ-)Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1323:A daughterof my people.עַמִּֽי׃(‘am·mî)Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 5971:A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock
Links
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OT Prophets: Lamentations 4:10 The hands of the pitiful women have (Lam. La Lm)