Why should any mortal man complainThis phrase challenges the reader to consider the appropriateness of complaining. In the context of Lamentations, the city of Jerusalem has been destroyed, and the people are experiencing immense suffering. The rhetorical question suggests that human beings, as finite and fallible creatures, lack the standing to complain against God. This echoes
Job 9:12, where Job acknowledges God's sovereignty and questions the right of man to challenge His actions. The phrase also reflects the broader biblical theme of humility before God, as seen in passages like
Isaiah 45:9, which warns against contending with one's Maker.
in view of his sins?
This part of the verse brings attention to the concept of sin and its consequences. The destruction of Jerusalem is portrayed as a result of the people's sins, aligning with the covenantal theology found inDeuteronomy 28, where blessings and curses are contingent upon Israel's obedience to God. The acknowledgment of sin is a call to repentance, a theme prevalent throughout the prophetic books. It also points to the need for atonement, which in the New Testament is fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who bears the sins of humanity (1 Peter 2:24). This phrase serves as a reminder of the justice of God and the need for personal reflection and repentance.
Persons / Places / Events
1.
Jeremiah- Traditionally attributed as the author of Lamentations, Jeremiah is known as the "weeping prophet." He lamented the destruction of Jerusalem and the suffering of his people.
2.
Jerusalem- The city that faced destruction and exile due to the people's disobedience to God. Lamentations reflects on the aftermath of this event.
3.
The Exile- The Babylonian exile was a period of great suffering for the Israelites, seen as a consequence of their sins and disobedience to God.
Teaching Points
Acknowledgment of SinRecognize that suffering can be a consequence of sin. It is important to reflect on one's actions and understand the role of personal responsibility in the hardships faced.
Humility Before GodEmbrace humility by acknowledging our sinful nature. Complaining against God’s justice is futile when we consider our own shortcomings.
Repentance and RestorationUse suffering as an opportunity for repentance. God’s discipline is meant to bring us back to Him, leading to spiritual growth and restoration.
Trust in God’s SovereigntyTrust that God is sovereign and just, even in times of suffering. His plans are ultimately for our good, even when they involve discipline.
Gratitude in AdversityCultivate a heart of gratitude, even in adversity. Recognize that God’s mercy is new every morning, and His faithfulness endures.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of Lamentations 3:39?
2.How does Lamentations 3:39 challenge us to accept personal responsibility for sin?
3.What does Lamentations 3:39 teach about God's justice in our lives?
4.How can we apply Lamentations 3:39 to our daily repentance practices?
5.How does Lamentations 3:39 connect with Romans 3:23 on human sinfulness?
6.In what ways can Lamentations 3:39 encourage humility before God?
7.What does Lamentations 3:39 reveal about human responsibility for sin and suffering?
8.How does Lamentations 3:39 challenge the belief in divine justice?
9.Why should a living man complain according to Lamentations 3:39?
10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Lamentations 3?
11.What does 'Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust' mean?
12.Psalm 39 - Does this portrayal of life's futility conflict with other Bible passages affirming human purpose and value?
13.In Ecclesiastes 4:2-3, the speaker says the dead or unborn are more fortunate than the living--does this contradict the Bible's overall respect for life?
14.What is the biblical perspective on human mortality?What Does Lamentations 3:39 Mean
Why• The verse opens by prompting honest self-examination. God invites us to pause before voicing grievances, asking, “Why?”—a question that searches motives rather than merely circumstances (cf.Psalm 139:23-24;Job 13:24).
• This “why” frames all suffering in the larger story of God’s justice and mercy (Romans 9:20-21).
should• “Should” signals moral obligation. It asks whether complaining is ever fitting for sinners saved by grace (Micah 6:8).
• Scripture consistently urges submission to God’s righteous ways: “Shall we accept good from God, and not adversity?” (Job 2:10).
any mortal man• The phrase underscores human frailty and universality: every person is dust (Psalm 103:14-16) and “all have sinned” (Romans 3:23).
• Mortal limits highlight dependence on the eternal, sovereign God (Isaiah 40:6-8).
complain• “Complain” here points to grumbling against God’s wisdom, not to honest lament that seeks Him. Israel’s wilderness murmurings show the danger (Numbers 14:27;1 Corinthians 10:10).
• New-covenant believers are urged: “Do everything without complaining or arguing” (Philippians 2:14). True lament directs pain toward God; complaining accuses Him (Psalm 62:8 vs.Exodus 16:8).
in view of his sins?• Sin explains why judgment and discipline come; therefore repentance, not accusation, is the proper response (Lamentations 3:40-42).
• Ezra models this posture: “After everything that has come upon us because of our evil deeds… You, our God, have punished us less than our iniquities deserve” (Ezra 9:13).
• Accepting just consequences leads to hope: “Let us humble ourselves under the mighty hand of God” (1 Peter 5:6), knowing Christ bore ultimate judgment so we might receive mercy (Isaiah 53:5;2 Corinthians 5:21).
summaryLamentations 3:39 reminds every sinner that God’s discipline is righteous and tempered by mercy. Instead of protesting, we bow in humility, confess, and trust the Lord who corrects those He loves. Complaints fade when sins are faced, grace is remembered, and hope is placed in the Redeemer who turns righteous judgment into restoring love.
(39)
Wherefore doth a living man . . .--Better,
Why doth a man who lives? i.e.,whose life is spared him (comp.
Jeremiah 45:5), with all its possibilities of good, complain of sufferings which, however unjust as far as those who cause them are concerned, are, in relation to the sufferer, the just punishment of his own sins?
Verse 39. -
Wherefore cloth a living man complain, etc.? The God of whom the poet speaks is the Searcher of hearts. Why, then, should a man complain when he knows that he deserves his punishment? The close of the verse should run, (
Let)
a man (
rather sigh)
over his sins.
Parallel Commentaries ...
Hebrew
Whyמַה־(mah-)Interrogative
Strong's 4100:What?, what!, indefinitely whatshould any mortalחָ֔י(ḥāy)Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 2416:Alive, raw, fresh, strong, lifemanאָדָ֣ם(’ā·ḏām)Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 120:Ruddy, a human beingcomplain,יִּתְאוֹנֵן֙(yiṯ·’ō·w·nên)Verb - Hitpael - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 596:To complain, murmurin view ofעַל־(‘al-)Preposition
Strong's 5921:Above, over, upon, against[his]גֶּ֖בֶר(ge·ḇer)Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1397:A valiant man, warrior, a person simplysins?חֲטָאָֽיו׃(ḥă·ṭā·’āw)Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 2399:A crime, its penalty
Links
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OT Prophets: Lamentations 3:39 Why does a living man complain (Lam. La Lm)