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◄ Lamentations 2:5►
New International Version
The Lord is like an enemy; he has swallowed up Israel. He has swallowed up all her palaces and destroyed her strongholds. He has multiplied mourning and lamentation for Daughter Judah.

New Living Translation
Yes, the Lord has vanquished Israel like an enemy. He has destroyed her palaces and demolished her fortresses. He has brought unending sorrow and tears upon beautiful Jerusalem.

English Standard Version
The Lord has become like an enemy; he has swallowed up Israel; he has swallowed up all its palaces; he has laid in ruins its strongholds, and he has multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

Berean Standard Bible
The Lord is like an enemy; He has swallowed up Israel. He has swallowed up all her palaces and destroyed her strongholds. He has multiplied mourning and lamentation for the Daughter of Judah.

King James Bible
The Lord was as an enemy: he hath swallowed up Israel, he hath swallowed up all her palaces: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

New King James Version
The Lord was like an enemy. He has swallowed up Israel, He has swallowed up all her palaces; He has destroyed her strongholds, And has increased mourning and lamentation In the daughter of Judah.

New American Standard Bible
The Lord has become like an enemy. He has engulfed Israel; He has engulfed all its palaces, He has destroyed its strongholds And caused great mourning and grieving in the daughter of Judah.

NASB 1995
The Lord has become like an enemy. He has swallowed up Israel; He has swallowed up all its palaces, He has destroyed its strongholds And multiplied in the daughter of Judah Mourning and moaning.

NASB 1977
The Lord has become like an enemy. He has swallowed up Israel; He has swallowed up all its palaces; He has destroyed its strongholds And multiplied in the daughter of Judah Mourning and moaning.

Legacy Standard Bible
The Lord has become like an enemy. He has swallowed up Israel; He has swallowed up all its palaces; He has brought its strongholds to ruin And multiplied in the daughter of Judah Mourning and moaning.

Amplified Bible
The Lord has become like an enemy; He has swallowed up Israel. He has swallowed up all its palaces; He has destroyed its strongholds And multiplied in the Daughter of Judah Mourning and lamentation (expressions of grief).

Christian Standard Bible
The Lord is like an enemy; he has swallowed up Israel. He swallowed up all its palaces and destroyed its fortified cities. He has multiplied mourning and lamentation within Daughter Judah.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The Lord is like an enemy; He has swallowed up Israel. He swallowed up all its palaces and destroyed its fortified cities. He has multiplied mourning and lamentation within Daughter Judah.

American Standard Version
The Lord is become as an enemy, he hath swallowed up Israel; He hath swallowed up all her palaces, he hath destroyed his strongholds; And he hath multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

Contemporary English Version
The Lord was like an enemy! He left Israel in ruins with its palaces and fortresses destroyed, and with everyone in Judah moaning and weeping.

English Revised Version
The Lord is become as an enemy, he hath swallowed up Israel; he hath swallowed up all her palaces, he hath destroyed his strong holds: and he hath multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The Lord became an enemy. He swallowed up Israel. He swallowed up all of its palaces. He destroyed its strongholds. He made the people of Judah mourn and moan.

Good News Translation
Like an enemy, the Lord has destroyed Israel; He has left her forts and palaces in ruins. He has brought on the people of Judah unending sorrow.

International Standard Version
The Lord has become like an enemy— he has devoured Israel. He has devoured all of her palaces, destroying her fortresses. He filled cherished Judah with mourning and lament.

NET Bible
The Lord, like an enemy, destroyed Israel. He destroyed all her palaces; he ruined her fortified cities. He made everyone in Daughter Judah mourn and lament.

New Heart English Bible
The LORD has become as an enemy; he has swallowed up Israel; he has swallowed up all her palaces and has destroyed its strongholds. He has multiplied in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

Webster's Bible Translation
The Lord was as an enemy: he hath swallowed up Israel, he hath swallowed up all her palaces: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
The Lord is like an enemy; He has swallowed up Israel. He has swallowed up all her palaces and destroyed her strongholds. He has multiplied mourning and lamentation for the Daughter of Judah.

World English Bible
The Lord has become as an enemy. He has swallowed up Israel. He has swallowed up all her palaces. He has destroyed his strongholds. He has multiplied mourning and lamentation in the daughter of Judah.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
The Lord has been as an enemy, "" He has swallowed up Israel, "" He has swallowed up all her palaces, "" He has destroyed His fortresses, "" And He multiplies in the daughter of Judah "" Mourning and moaning.

Young's Literal Translation
The Lord hath been as an enemy, He hath swallowed up Israel, He hath swallowed up all her palaces, He hath destroyed His fortresses, And He multiplieth in the daughter of Judah Mourning and moaning.

Smith's Literal Translation
Jehovah was as an enemy: he swallowed up Israel, he swallowed up all her fortresses: he destroyed his fortifications, and he will multiply in the daughter of Judah sorrow and sighing.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
He. The Lord is become as an enemy: he hath cast down Israel headlong, he hath overthrown all the walls thereof: he hath destroyed his strong holds, and hath multiplied in the daughter of Juda the afflicted, both men and women.

Catholic Public Domain Version
HE. The Lord has become like an enemy. He has thrown down Israel. He has thrown down all of his defenses. He has torn apart his fortifications. And he has filled the daughter of Judah with humbled men and humbled women.

New American Bible
The Lord has become the enemy, he has devoured Israel: Devoured all its strongholds, destroyed its defenses, Multiplied moaning and groaning throughout daughter Judah.

New Revised Standard Version
The Lord has become like an enemy; he has destroyed Israel. He has destroyed all its palaces, laid in ruins its strongholds, and multiplied in daughter Judah mourning and lamentation.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
The LORD has become as an enemy; he has drowned Israel, he has destroyed all her palaces; he has made havoc in all her provinces, and has increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
He LORD JEHOVAH was as an enemy and he drowned Israel, and he sank all his palaces and destroyed his surroundings and he increased in the daughter of Yehuda a byword and wailings
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
The Lord is become as an enemy, He hath swallowed up Israel; He hath swallowed up all her palaces, He hath destroyed his strongholds; And He hath multiplied in the daughter of Judah Mourning and moaning.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
HE. The Lord is become as an enemy: he has overwhelmed Israel as in the sea, he has overwhelmed her palaces: he has destroyed her strong-holds, and has multiplied the afflicted and humbled ones to the daughter of Juda.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
God's Anger over Jerusalem
…4He has bent His bow like an enemy; His right hand is positioned. Like a foe He has killed all who were pleasing to the eye; He has poured out His wrath like fire on the tent of the Daughter of Zion.5The Lordislike an enemy;He has swallowed upIsrael.He has swallowed upallher palacesand destroyedher strongholds.He has multipliedmourningand lamentationfor the Daughterof Judah.6He has laid waste His tabernacle like a garden booth; He has destroyed His place of meeting. The LORD has made Zion forget her appointed feasts and Sabbaths. In His fierce anger He has despised both king and priest.…

Cross References
Jeremiah 30:14
All your lovers have forgotten you; they no longer seek you, for I have struck you as an enemy would, with the discipline of someone cruel, because of your great iniquity and your numerous sins.

Isaiah 63:10
But they rebelled and grieved His Holy Spirit. So He turned and became their enemy, and He Himself fought against them.

Jeremiah 21:5
And I Myself will fight against you with an outstretched hand and a mighty arm, with anger, fury, and great wrath.

Deuteronomy 28:63
Just as it pleased the LORD to make you prosper and multiply, so also it will please Him to annihilate you and destroy you. And you will be uprooted from the land you are entering to possess.

Isaiah 42:25
So He poured out on them His furious anger and the fierceness of battle. It enveloped them in flames, but they did not understand; it consumed them, but they did not take it to heart.

Ezekiel 5:8-9
Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Behold, I Myself am against you, Jerusalem, and I will execute judgments among you in the sight of the nations. / Because of all your abominations, I will do to you what I have never done before and will never do again.

Jeremiah 4:8
So put on sackcloth, mourn and wail, for the fierce anger of the LORD has not turned away from us.”

Hosea 5:14
For I am like a lion to Ephraim and like a young lion to the house of Judah. I, even I, will tear them to pieces and then go away. I will carry them off where no one can rescue them.

Amos 3:2
“Only you have I known from all the families of the earth; therefore I will punish you for all your iniquities.”

2 Kings 17:18-20
So the LORD was very angry with Israel, and He removed them from His presence. Only the tribe of Judah remained, / and even Judah did not keep the commandments of the LORD their God, but lived according to the customs Israel had introduced. / So the LORD rejected all the descendants of Israel. He afflicted them and delivered them into the hands of plunderers, until He had banished them from His presence.

Psalm 74:1
A Maskil of Asaph. Why have You rejected us forever, O God? Why does Your anger smolder against the sheep of Your pasture?

Jeremiah 12:7
I have forsaken My house; I have abandoned My inheritance. I have given the beloved of My soul into the hands of her enemies.

Ezekiel 7:8-9
Very soon I will pour out My wrath upon you and vent My anger against you; I will judge you according to your ways and repay you for all your abominations. / I will not look on you with pity, nor will I spare you, but I will punish you for your ways and for the abominations among you. Then you will know that it is I, the LORD, who strikes the blow.

Isaiah 1:24
Therefore the Lord GOD of Hosts, the Mighty One of Israel, declares: “Ah, I will be relieved of My foes and avenge Myself on My enemies.

Jeremiah 6:6
For this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Cut down the trees and raise a siege ramp against Jerusalem. This city must be punished; there is nothing but oppression in her midst.


Treasury of Scripture

The LORD was as an enemy: he has swallowed up Israel, he has swallowed up all her palaces: he has destroyed his strong holds, and has increased in the daughter of Judah mourning and lamentation.

was

Lamentations 2:4
He hath bent his bow like an enemy: he stood with his right hand as an adversary, and slew allthat were pleasant to the eye in the tabernacle of the daughter of Zion: he poured out his fury like fire.

Jeremiah 15:1
Then said the LORD unto me, Though Moses and Samuel stood before me,yet my mindcould notbe toward this people: castthem out of my sight, and let them go forth.

Jeremiah 30:14
All thy lovers have forgotten thee; they seek thee not; for I have wounded thee with the wound of an enemy, with the chastisement of a cruel one, for the multitude of thine iniquity;because thy sins were increased.

he hath swallowed up Israel

Lamentations 2:2
The Lord hath swallowed up all the habitations of Jacob, and hath not pitied: he hath thrown down in his wrath the strong holds of the daughter of Judah; he hath broughtthem down to the ground: he hath polluted the kingdom and the princes thereof.

2 Kings 25:9
And he burnt the house of the LORD, and the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem, and every greatman's house burnt he with fire.

2 Chronicles 36:16,17
But they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused his prophets, until the wrath of the LORD arose against his people, tillthere was no remedy…

mourning

Ezekiel 2:10
And he spread it before me; and itwas written within and without: andthere was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe.

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Lamentations 2
1.Jeremiah laments the misery of Jerusalem
20.He complains thereof to God














The Lord is like an enemy;
This phrase reflects the deep anguish and confusion of the Israelites as they perceive God's actions against them. Historically, the Israelites understood God as their protector and ally, but due to their persistent disobedience and idolatry, God allowed their enemies to triumph over them. This is reminiscent ofDeuteronomy 28, where blessings and curses are outlined based on Israel's obedience or disobedience. The imagery of God as an enemy underscores the severity of their situation and the depth of their estrangement from Him.

He has swallowed up Israel.
The term "swallowed up" conveys total destruction and consumption, similar to how the earth swallowed Korah and his followers inNumbers 16:32. This reflects the complete devastation of the Northern Kingdom of Israel by the Assyrians in 722 BC and serves as a warning to Judah. The imagery suggests an overwhelming force that leaves nothing behind, emphasizing the totality of God's judgment.

He has swallowed up all her palaces and destroyed her strongholds.
Palaces and strongholds symbolize security, wealth, and power. Their destruction signifies the loss of national pride and protection. Archaeological evidence from sites like Lachish shows the extent of destruction during the Babylonian invasions. This phrase highlights the futility of relying on human strength and fortifications instead of God, echoing the warnings of prophets like Isaiah and Jeremiah.

He has multiplied mourning and lamentation for the Daughter of Judah.
The "Daughter of Judah" is a poetic term for the people of Judah, emphasizing their vulnerability and the personal nature of their suffering. Mourning and lamentation are expressions of profound grief, often associated with death and loss. This reflects the cultural practices of the time, where public displays of mourning were common. The phrase connects to the broader theme of Lamentations, which is a book of sorrow and repentance, urging the people to turn back to God amidst their suffering.

Persons / Places / Events
1.The Lord
The sovereign God of Israel, who is depicted as acting in judgment against His people due to their disobedience.

2.Israel
The northern kingdom, representing the people of God who have faced divine judgment.

3.Daughter of Judah
A poetic term for the southern kingdom of Judah, emphasizing its vulnerability and suffering.

4.Palaces and Strongholds
Symbols of security and power that have been destroyed, indicating the totality of the devastation.

5.Mourning and Lamentation
The emotional and communal response to the destruction and suffering experienced by the people.
Teaching Points
Understanding Divine Judgment
Recognize that God's judgment is a response to persistent disobedience and sin. It serves as a call to repentance and a return to faithfulness.

The Consequences of Sin
Reflect on how sin can lead to the loss of security and blessings, as seen in the destruction of palaces and strongholds.

God's Sovereignty in Suffering
Even in times of suffering, God remains sovereign. Trust in His ultimate plan and purpose, even when it involves discipline.

The Role of Lament
Embrace lamentation as a biblical response to suffering. It is a way to express grief and seek God's mercy and restoration.

Hope in Restoration
While Lamentations focuses on judgment, it also points to the hope of restoration. Trust in God's promise to restore and renew His people.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of Lamentations 2:5?

2.How does Lamentations 2:5 illustrate God's judgment on unfaithfulness?

3.What lessons can we learn from God's actions in Lamentations 2:5?

4.How does Lamentations 2:5 connect to God's covenant with Israel?

5.How can we apply the warnings in Lamentations 2:5 to our lives today?

6.What does Lamentations 2:5 teach about the consequences of turning from God?

7.Why does Lamentations 2:5 describe God as an enemy to His own people?

8.How can a loving God destroy His own sanctuary as stated in Lamentations 2:5?

9.What historical events led to the lament in Lamentations 2:5?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Lamentations 2?

11.Lamentations 2:5 – In what sense can God become an “enemy” to those He once favored, and does this contradict other biblical portrayals of His unchanging nature?

12.Lamentations 5:4 mentions buying their own water--does any historical or archaeological evidence confirm or contradict this siege condition?

13.How many fighting men were found in Judah? Five hundred thousand (2 Samuel 24:9) Four hundred and seventy thousand (I Chronicles 21:5)

14.If Jesus taught love for enemies (Matthew 5:44), why does Psalm 109 appear to endorse the exact opposite stance?
What Does Lamentations 2:5 Mean
The Lord is like an enemy

• The prophet opens with a shocking comparison: “The Lord is like an enemy”. Because Judah has persistently broken covenant, God now opposes His own people in righteous judgment (Isaiah 63:10;James 4:6).

• Though His character never changes (Malachi 3:6), His stance toward sin does. When His warnings are ignored (Jeremiah 7:13), the same faithful God who once fought for Israel now fights against her.

• This reversal highlights the seriousness of disobedience and the reliability of God’s word: blessings for obedience, consequences for rebellion (Deuteronomy 28:15–25).

He has swallowed up Israel

• “He has swallowed up Israel” pictures complete consumption, as if the nation were devoured without resistance (Jeremiah 51:34;Psalm 124:3).

• Babylon was merely the human instrument; Scripture credits the devastation to the Lord Himself (2 Kings 24:2–3).

• The image stresses total loss—homes, livelihoods, national identity—all gone because sin was tolerated instead of confessed (Jeremiah 18:11–12).

He has swallowed up all her palaces

• Palaces symbolize prosperity and stability. Their destruction (2 Kings 25:9;Jeremiah 52:13) shows judgment reached from the poorest homes to the royal court.

• God’s justice is impartial (Jeremiah 22:17–19). Earthly power offers no refuge when a nation rejects the Sovereign King (Psalm 146:3).

and destroyed her strongholds

• Fortified walls and military defenses were Judah’s pride (Jeremiah 5:10;Amos 1:7). The Lord “destroyed her strongholds,” proving security rests in Him alone (Psalm 127:1).

• What appeared unassailable fell swiftly, fulfilling earlier prophecies (2 Chronicles 36:19).

• The collapse warns believers today not to trust in human strength but in God’s protection (Proverbs 18:10).

He has multiplied mourning and lamentation for the Daughter of Judah

• The phrase “multiplied mourning and lamentation” underscores the depth and breadth of sorrow (Jeremiah 6:26;Lamentations 1:1–3).

• “Daughter of Judah” is a tender term, intensifying the tragedy: a beloved child now weeping because she spurned her Father’s voice (Hosea 11:1–3).

• Even in grief, God’s purpose is redemptive—discipline designed to bring repentance (Hebrews 12:10–11).

summary

Lamentations 2:5 records the moment God, faithful to His word, turns from defender to disciplined adversary. He consumes the nation, topples its symbols of success, erases its defenses, and fills its streets with tears. The verse stands as a sober reminder: sin carries real consequences, God’s judgments are just, and true security lies only in humble obedience to Him.

(5)Her palaces: . . . his strong holds . . .--The change of gender is remarkable, probably rising from the fact that the writer thought of the "palaces" in connection with the "daughters of Zion," and of the "strong holds" in connection with the land or people. A like combination is found inHosea 8:14.

Mourning and lamentation.--The two Hebrew nouns are formed from the same root, and have an assonance like "the sorrow and sighing" ofIsaiah 35:10.

Verse 5. -Was as an enemy: he hath swallowed, etc. The threefold division of the verse is, unfortunately, concealed in the Authorized Version, owing to the arbitrary stopping. The grouping suggested by the Massoretic text is -

"The Lord is become an enemy, he hath swallowed up Israel;
He hath swallowed up all her palaces, he hath destroyed all his strongholds;
And hath increased in the daughter of Judah moaning and bemoaning." The change of gender in the second line is easily explicable. In the first case the poet is thinking of the city; in the second, of the people of Israel. The rendering "moaning and bemoaning" is designed to reproduce, to some extent, the Hebrew phrase, in which two words, derived from the same root, and almost exactly the same, are placed side by side, to give a more intense expression to the idea.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The Lord
אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀(’ă·ḏō·nāy)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 136:The Lord

is
הָיָ֨ה(hā·yāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961:To fall out, come to pass, become, be

like an enemy;
כְּאוֹיֵב֙(kə·’ō·w·yêḇ)
Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 341:Hating, an adversary

He has swallowed up
בִּלַּ֣ע(bil·la‘)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1104:To swallow down, swallow up, engulf

Israel.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל(yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478:Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

He swallowed up
בִּלַּע֙(bil·la‘)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1104:To swallow down, swallow up, engulf

all
כָּל־(kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605:The whole, all, any, every

her palaces
אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ(’ar·mə·nō·w·ṯe·hā)
Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 759:A citadel

and destroyed
שִׁחֵ֖ת(ši·ḥêṯ)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7843:Perhaps to go to ruin

her strongholds.
מִבְצָרָ֑יו(miḇ·ṣā·rāw)
Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 4013:A fortification, castle, fortified city, a defender

He has multiplied
וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙(way·ye·reḇ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7235:To be or become much, many or great

mourning
תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה(ta·’ă·nî·yāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 8386:Lamentation

and lamentation
וַאֲנִיָּֽה׃(wa·’ă·nî·yāh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 592:Groaning

in the Daughter
בְּבַת־(bə·ḇaṯ-)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1323:A daughter

of Judah.
יְהוּדָ֔ה(yə·hū·ḏāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3063:Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites


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OT Prophets: Lamentations 2:5 The Lord is become as an enemy (Lam. La Lm)
Lamentations 2:4
Lamentations 2:6
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