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◄ Lamentations 1:15►
New International Version
“The Lord has rejected all the warriors in my midst; he has summoned an army against me to crush my young men. In his winepress the Lord has trampled Virgin Daughter Judah.

New Living Translation
“The Lord has treated my mighty men with contempt. At his command a great army has come to crush my young warriors. The Lord has trampled his beloved city like grapes are trampled in a winepress.

English Standard Version
“The Lord rejected all my mighty men in my midst; he summoned an assembly against me to crush my young men; the Lord has trodden as in a winepress the virgin daughter of Judah.

Berean Standard Bible
The Lord has rejected all the mighty men in my midst; He has summoned an army against me to crush my young warriors. Like grapes in a winepress, the Lord has trampled the Virgin Daughter of Judah.

King James Bible
The Lord hath trodden under foot all my mightymen in the midst of me: he hath called an assembly against me to crush my young men: the Lord hath trodden the virgin, the daughter of Judah,as in a winepress.

New King James Version
“The Lord has trampled underfoot all my mightymen in my midst; He has called an assembly against me To crush my young men; The Lord trampledas in a winepress The virgin daughter of Judah.

New American Standard Bible
“The Lord has thrown away all my strong men In my midst; He has called an appointed time against me To crush my young men; The Lord has troddenas in a wine press The virgin daughter of Judah.

NASB 1995
“The Lord has rejected all my strong men In my midst; He has called an appointed time against me To crush my young men; The Lord has trodden as in a wine press The virgin daughter of Judah.

NASB 1977
“The Lord has rejected all my strong men In my midst; He has called an appointed time against me To crush my young men; The Lord has troddenas in a wine press The virgin daughter of Judah.

Legacy Standard Bible
The Lord has rejected all my mighty men In my midst; He has called an appointed time against me To break my young men; The Lord has troddenas in a wine press The virgin daughter of Judah.

Amplified Bible
“The Lord has rejected all the strong men In my midst; He has proclaimed an established time against me To crush my young men. The Lord has trampled down as in a wine press The Virgin Daughter of Judah.

Christian Standard Bible
The Lord has rejected all the mighty men within me. He has summoned an army against me to crush my young warriors. The Lord has trampled Virgin Daughter Judah like grapes in a winepress.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The Lord has rejected all the mighty men within me. He has summoned an army against me to crush my young warriors. The Lord has trampled Virgin Daughter Judah like grapes in a winepress.

American Standard Version
The Lord hath set at nought all my mighty men in the midst of me; He hath called a solemn assembly against me to crush my young men: The Lord hath trodden as in a winepress the virgin daughter of Judah.

Contemporary English Version
You, LORD, have turned back my warriors and crushed my young heroes. Judah was a woman untouched, but you let her be trampled like grapes in a wine pit.

English Revised Version
The Lord hath set at nought all my mighty men in the midst of me; he hath called a solemn assembly against me to crush my young men: the Lord hath trodden as in a winepress the virgin daughter of Judah.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The Lord has treated all the warriors inside my [walls] with contempt. He called an army to defeat my young men. The LORD trampled the people of Judah in a winepress.

Good News Translation
"The Lord laughed at all my strongest soldiers; He sent an army to destroy my young men. He crushed my people like grapes in a wine press.

International Standard Version
He rejected all the valiant men— the LORD, in my midst. He set a time to meet with me to crush my young warriors. The LORD has trampled, as in a winepress, the fair virgin that is Judah.

NET Bible
He rounded up all my mighty ones; The Lord did this in my midst. He summoned an assembly against me to shatter my young men. The Lord has stomped like grapes the virgin daughter, Judah.

New Heart English Bible
The LORD has rejected all my mighty men in my midst; he has called a solemn assembly against me to crush my young men. The LORD has trodden as in a winepress the virgin daughter of Judah.

Webster's Bible Translation
The Lord hath trodden under foot all my mighty men in the midst of me: he hath called an assembly against me to crush my young men: the Lord hath trodden the virgin, the daughter of Judah, as in a wine-press.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
The Lord has rejected all the mighty men in my midst; He has summoned an army against me to crush my young warriors. Like grapes in a winepress, the Lord has trampled the Virgin Daughter of Judah.

World English Bible
“The Lord has set at nothing all my mighty men within me. He has called a solemn assembly against me to crush my young men. The Lord has trodden the virgin daughter of Judah as in a wine press.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
The Lord has trodden down all my mighty ones in my midst, "" He proclaimed an appointed time against me, "" To destroy my young men, "" The Lord has trodden a winepress, "" To the virgin daughter of Judah.

Young's Literal Translation
Trodden down all my mighty ones hath the Lord in my midst, He proclaimed against me an appointed time, To destroy my young men, A wine-press hath the Lord trodden, To the virgin daughter of Judah.

Smith's Literal Translation
Jehovah contemned all my mighty ones in my midst: he called an appointment upon me to break my chosen ones: Jehovah trod the wine-press to the virgin, the daughter of Judah.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Samech. The Lord hath taken away all my mighty men out of the midst of me: he hath called against me the time, to destroy my chosen men: the Lord hath trodden the winepress for the virgin daughter of Juda.

Catholic Public Domain Version
SAMECH. The Lord has taken away all of my great ones from my midst. He has called forth time against me, so as to crush my elect ones. The Lord has trampled the winepress, which was for the virgin daughter of Judah.

New American Bible
All my valiant warriors my Lord has cast away; He proclaimed a feast against me to crush my young men; My Lord has trodden in the wine press virgin daughter Judah.

New Revised Standard Version
The LORD has rejected all my warriors in the midst of me; he proclaimed a time against me to crush my young men; the Lord has trodden as in a wine press the virgin daughter Judah.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
The LORD has brought into subjection all my mighty men in the midst of me; he has called an assembly against me to destroy my young men; the LORD has trodden as in a winepress the virgin daughter of Judah.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Samekh LORD JEHOVAH has subdued all my mighty ones within me. He has called against me a feast day to destroy my young men. LORD JEHOVAH has trodden the winepress the virgin daughter of Yehuda
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
The Lord hath set at nought All my mighty men in the midst of me; He hath called a solemn assembly against me To crush my young men; The Lord hath trodden as in a winepress The virgin the daughter of Judah.'

Brenton Septuagint Translation
SAMECH. The Lord has cut off all my strong men from the midst of me: he has summoned against me a time for crushing my choice men: the Lord has trodden a wine-press for the virgin daughter of Juda: for these things I weep.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
How Lonely Lies the City
…14My transgressions are bound into a yoke, knit together by His hand; they are draped over my neck, and the Lord has broken my strength. He has delivered me into the hands of those I cannot withstand.15The Lordhas rejectedallthe mighty menin my midst;He has summonedan armyagainst meto crushmy young warriors.Like grapes in a winepress,the Lordhas trampledthe VirginDaughterof Judah.16For these things I weep; my eyes flow with tears. For there is no one nearby to comfort me, no one to revive my soul. My children are destitute because the enemy has prevailed.…

Cross References
Isaiah 63:3
“I have trodden the winepress alone, and no one from the nations was with Me. I trampled them in My anger and trod them down in My fury; their blood spattered My garments, and all My clothes were stained.

Jeremiah 51:33
For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: “The Daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor at the time it is trampled. In just a little while her harvest time will come.”

Joel 3:13
Swing the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Come, trample the grapes, for the winepress is full; the wine vats overflow because their wickedness is great.

Isaiah 25:10
For the hand of the LORD will rest on this mountain. But Moab will be trampled in his place as straw is trodden into the dung pile.

Isaiah 5:25
Therefore the anger of the LORD burns against His people; His hand is raised against them to strike them down. The mountains quake, and the corpses lie like refuse in the streets. Despite all this, His anger is not turned away; His hand is still upraised.

Jeremiah 6:11
But I am full of the LORD’s wrath; I am tired of holding it back. “Pour it out on the children in the street, and on the young men gathered together. For both husband and wife will be captured, the old and the very old alike.

Ezekiel 22:31
So I have poured out My indignation upon them and consumed them with the fire of My fury. I have brought their ways down upon their own heads, declares the Lord GOD.”

Amos 2:14-16
Escape will fail the swift, the strong will not prevail by his strength, and the mighty will not save his life. / The archer will not stand his ground, the fleet of foot will not escape, and the horseman will not save his life. / Even the bravest of mighty men will flee naked on that day,” declares the LORD.

Isaiah 63:6
I trampled the nations in My anger; in My wrath I made them drunk and poured out their blood on the ground.”

Jeremiah 50:27
Kill all her young bulls; let them go down to the slaughter. Woe to them, for their day has come—the time of their punishment.

Revelation 14:19-20
So the angel swung his sickle over the earth and gathered the grapes of the earth, and he threw them into the great winepress of God’s wrath. / And the winepress was trodden outside the city, and the blood that flowed from it rose as high as the bridles of the horses for a distance of 1,600 stadia.

Revelation 19:15
And from His mouth proceeds a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations, and He will rule them with an iron scepter. He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God the Almighty.

Matthew 21:44
He who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but he on whom it falls will be crushed.”

Luke 20:18
Everyone who falls on this stone will be broken to pieces, but he on whom it falls will be crushed.”

2 Thessalonians 1:7-9
and to grant relief to you who are oppressed and to us as well. This will take place when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven with His mighty angels / in blazing fire, inflicting vengeance on those who do not know God and do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus. / They will suffer the penalty of eternal destruction, separated from the presence of the Lord and the glory of His might,


Treasury of Scripture

The LORD has trodden under foot all my mighty men in the middle of me: he has called an assembly against me to crush my young men: the LORD has trodden the virgin, the daughter of Judah, as in a wine press.

trodden

2 Kings 9:33
And he said, Throw her down. So they threw her down: andsome of her blood was sprinkled on the wall, and on the horses: and he trode her under foot.

2 Kings 24:14-16
And he carried away all Jerusalem, and all the princes, and all the mighty men of valour,even ten thousand captives, and all the craftsmen and smiths: none remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the land…

2 Kings 25:4
And the city was broken up, and all the men of warfled by night by the way of the gate between two walls, whichis by the king's garden: (now the Chaldeeswere against the city round about:) andthe king went the way toward the plain.

crush

Lamentations 3:34
To crush under his feet all the prisoners of the earth,

Deuteronomy 28:33
The fruit of thy land, and all thy labours, shall a nation which thou knowest not eat up; and thou shalt be only oppressed and crushed alway:

Judges 10:8
And that year they vexed and oppressed the children of Israel: eighteen years, all the children of Israel thatwere on the other side Jordan in the land of the Amorites, whichis in Gilead.

Jeremiah 14:17
Therefore thou shalt say this word unto them; Let mine eyes run down with tears night and day, and let them not cease: for the virgin daughter of my people is broken with a great breach, with a very grievous blow.

as in

Isaiah 63:3
I have trodden the winepress alone; and of the peoplethere was none with me: for I will tread them in mine anger, and trample them in my fury; and their blood shall be sprinkled upon my garments, and I will stain all my raiment.

Revelation 14:19,20
And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth, and gathered the vine of the earth, and castit into the great winepress of the wrath of God…

Revelation 19:15
And out of his mouth goeth a sharp sword, that with it he should smite the nations: and he shall rule them with a rod of iron: and he treadeth the winepress of the fierceness and wrath of Almighty God.

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Lamentations 1
1.The miseries of Jerusalem and of the Jews lamented
12.The attention of beholders demanded to this unprecedented case
18.The justice of God acknowledged, and his mercy supplicated.














The Lord has rejected all the mighty men in my midst;
This phrase reflects the divine judgment upon the leaders and warriors of Judah. Historically, the mighty men were the defenders of the nation, often seen as symbols of strength and protection. Their rejection signifies a complete withdrawal of God's favor and protection, leaving the nation vulnerable. This echoes the warnings given by prophets like Isaiah and Jeremiah, who foretold the consequences of the nation's disobedience (Isaiah 3:1-3,Jeremiah 21:4-5). The rejection of these men underscores the theme of divine sovereignty and the futility of relying on human strength over God's will.

He has summoned an army against me to crush my young warriors.
The summoning of an army indicates God's active role in orchestrating the events leading to Jerusalem's downfall. Historically, this refers to the Babylonian forces led by King Nebuchadnezzar, who besieged and destroyed Jerusalem in 586 BC. The young warriors, often the pride of the nation, symbolize the future and hope of Judah. Their crushing defeat represents the shattering of national pride and the loss of future potential. This aligns with the covenant curses outlined inDeuteronomy 28, where disobedience leads to military defeat and subjugation.

Like grapes in a winepress,
The imagery of a winepress is a powerful metaphor for judgment and destruction. In ancient times, grapes were crushed in a winepress to extract juice, symbolizing thorough and complete destruction. This metaphor is used elsewhere in scripture to depict divine wrath, such as inIsaiah 63:3 andRevelation 14:19-20. The process of crushing grapes parallels the totality of the judgment faced by Judah, emphasizing the severity and inescapability of God's wrath.

the Lord has trampled the Virgin Daughter of Judah.
The term "Virgin Daughter of Judah" is a poetic expression denoting purity, innocence, and the cherished status of Judah before God. The trampling signifies a profound desecration and humiliation, highlighting the depth of Judah's fall from grace. This imagery is reminiscent of the lamentations over fallen cities and nations in the prophetic literature, such as inIsaiah 47:1 andJeremiah 14:17. The trampling also foreshadows the ultimate judgment and redemption themes found in the New Testament, where Christ's sacrifice is seen as the means of restoring what was lost through sin and judgment.

Persons / Places / Events
1.The Lord
The sovereign God who is executing judgment upon Judah for their disobedience and sin.

2.Mighty Men
The warriors and defenders of Judah who have been rendered powerless by God's judgment.

3.Virgin Daughter of Judah
A metaphorical representation of the people of Judah, emphasizing their vulnerability and the devastation they face.

4.Army
The invading forces, likely the Babylonians, used by God as instruments of His judgment.

5.Winepress
A symbol of judgment and destruction, illustrating the thoroughness and severity of God's punishment.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty in Judgment
Recognize that God is sovereign and His judgments are just. He uses nations and events to fulfill His purposes.

The Consequences of Sin
Understand that sin has serious consequences. Judah's disobedience led to their downfall, serving as a warning for us today.

The Vulnerability of God's People
Acknowledge our own vulnerability without God's protection. Like Judah, we must rely on God for strength and guidance.

Hope in Repentance
Even in judgment, there is hope. God's discipline is meant to lead us back to Him in repentance and restoration.

The Importance of Spiritual Readiness
Be spiritually prepared and vigilant, knowing that God's judgment can come unexpectedly.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of Lamentations 1:15?

2.How does Lamentations 1:15 illustrate God's judgment on disobedience?

3.What can we learn about God's sovereignty from Lamentations 1:15?

4.How does Lamentations 1:15 connect with Hebrews 12:6 on divine discipline?

5.How should Lamentations 1:15 influence our response to personal trials?

6.In what ways can Lamentations 1:15 encourage repentance and spiritual renewal?

7.What does Lamentations 1:15 reveal about God's judgment on Jerusalem?

8.How does Lamentations 1:15 reflect the consequences of disobedience to God?

9.Why does God allow suffering as described in Lamentations 1:15?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Lamentations 1?

11.Who was King Abijah in the Bible?

12.If God promised to protect His people, how do we reconcile that with the devastation in Lamentations 1:15?

13.2 Chronicles 13 compared with 1 Kings 15:3 - Why does Abijah appear more faithful in Chronicles than in Kings, and what might explain this seeming discrepancy?

14.Why does Exodus 15 portray a complete military defeat of Egypt, yet no known Egyptian texts mention such a catastrophic loss?
What Does Lamentations 1:15 Mean
The Lord has rejected all the mighty men in my midst

• Israel’s warriors had always been symbols of security, yet God now removes His protective hand (Judges 2:14-15;Psalm 33:16-19).

• Rejection here is covenantal discipline—exactly whatDeuteronomy 28:25 warned would happen if the nation persisted in sin.

• The verse reminds us that human strength cannot substitute for obedience; God “delights not in the strength of the horse” (Psalm 147:10).

• When the Lord Himself opposes the strong, their skill and numbers become irrelevant (1 Samuel 14:6;Isaiah 31:1-3).

He has summoned an army against me to crush my young warriors

• God is not portrayed as passively allowing Babylon’s invasion; He “summoned” it (Jeremiah 25:9).

• The young soldiers, prime representatives of future hope, are “crushed,” fulfillingIsaiah 13:18’s prophecy about Babylon’s brutality.

• This line echoesJeremiah 6:22-23, where the Lord describes a northern nation coming to “devour” the land.

• Divine sovereignty and human agency intertwine: Babylon acts freely, yet carries out God’s just verdict (Habakkuk 1:6-11).

Like grapes in a winepress, the Lord has trampled the Virgin Daughter of Judah

• The winepress picture is vivid: complete, unavoidable pressure until every drop is expressed (Isaiah 63:2-3;Revelation 14:19-20).

• “Virgin Daughter” stresses Judah’s former purity and treasured status (2 Kings 19:21); her fall is therefore heartbreaking, not casual.

• The trampling is disciplinary, not annihilative; God’s purpose is ultimately redemptive, foreshadowing restoration promises inLamentations 3:31-33 andJeremiah 31:20.

• This metaphor warns that sin, left unchecked, places God’s people under the full weight of His righteous judgment (Hebrews 10:30-31).

summary

Lamentations 1:15 captures Jerusalem’s devastation in three escalating images: rejected warriors, summoned invaders, and crushing trampling. Each clause underscores God’s active judgment against persistent covenant unfaithfulness, while simultaneously affirming His sovereign control over the nations. The verse is a sobering reminder that reliance on human strength fails when God withdraws favor, yet it also points ahead to His mercy, since even severe discipline flows from a covenant-keeping God who ultimately restores those who repent.

(15)Trodden under foot.--Better,hath made contemptible,as those who are weighed in the balance and found wanting.

All my mighty men . . .--The adjective is used elsewhere of bulls (Psalm 22:12;Isaiah 34:7), but stands here for the heroes of Judah, who fell, not in open battle, but ignominiously "in the midst" of the captured city.

He hath called an assembly.--The point of the phrase lies in its being that commonly used for proclaiming a religious festival (Leviticus 23:4). Here the festival is proclaimed, not for Jerusalem, but against her, and is to be kept by those who exult in the slaughter of her youthful warriors.

The Lord hath trodden the virgin . . .--Better,hath trodden the winepress for the virgin . . . For the winepress as the symbol of judgment and slaughter, seeIsaiah 63:2;Revelation 14:19;Revelation 19:15. . . .

Verse 15. -Hath trodden under foot; rather,hath rejected;i.e. hath punished. Comp.Psalm 119:118, 119, where "thou rejectest [same verb as here] all them that wander from thy statutes" is followed by "thou puttest away all the ungodly of the earth like dross,"Hath called an assembly; rather,hath proclaimed a festival. When Jehovah summons the instruments of his vengeance, the prophets describe it as the "proclaiming a festival." The Persians or Chaldeans, as the case may be, obey the summons with a holy glee, and destroy the enemies of the true God (comp.Isaiah 13:3).Hath trodden, etc.; rather,hath trodden the winepress for (i.e. to the ruin of)the virgin daughter of Zion. The poet. carries on the figure of the festival. It is a vintage which is to be celebrated, such a vintage as is described inIsaiah 63:3 (comp.Joel 3:13). The choicest youth of Judah are to be cut off like grapes from the vine. "Virgin daughter" is a frequent figure to express inviolate security (soJeremiah 14:17).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The Lord
אֲדֹנָי֙(’ă·ḏō·nāy)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 136:The Lord

has rejected
סִלָּ֨ה(sil·lāh)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5541:To make light of, toss aside

all
כָל־(ḵāl)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605:The whole, all, any, every

the warriors
אַבִּירַ֤י ׀(’ab·bî·ray)
Adjective - masculine plural construct | first person common singular
Strong's 47:Mighty, valiant

in my midst;
בְּקִרְבִּ֔י(bə·qir·bî)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 7130:The nearest part, the center

He has summoned
קָרָ֥א(qā·rā)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7121:To call, proclaim, read

an army
מוֹעֵ֖ד(mō·w·‘êḏ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4150:Appointed time, place, or meeting

against me
עָלַ֛י(‘ā·lay)
Preposition | first person common singular
Strong's 5921:Above, over, upon, against

to crush
לִשְׁבֹּ֣ר(liš·bōr)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 7665:To break, break in pieces

my young warriors.
בַּחוּרָ֑י(ba·ḥū·rāy)
Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular
Strong's 970:Selected, a youth

Like grapes in a winepress
גַּ֚ת(gaṯ)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 1660:A wine-press

the Lord
אֲדֹנָ֔י(’ă·ḏō·nāy)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 136:The Lord

has trampled
דָּרַ֣ךְ(dā·raḵ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1869:To tread, to walk, to string a, bow

the Virgin
לִבְתוּלַ֖ת(liḇ·ṯū·laṯ)
Preposition-l | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1330:A virgin, sometimes, a bride

Daughter
בַּת־(baṯ-)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 1323:A daughter

of Judah.
יְהוּדָֽה׃(yə·hū·ḏāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3063:Judah -- 'praised', a son of Jacob, also the southern kingdom, also four Israelites


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OT Prophets: Lamentations 1:15 The Lord has set at nothing all (Lam. La Lm)
Lamentations 1:14
Lamentations 1:16
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