So they fled before the men of Israel toward the wildernessThis phrase describes the retreat of the Benjamites, who were overwhelmed by the forces of the other Israelite tribes. The wilderness often symbolizes a place of desolation and testing in the Bible, as seen in the Israelites' 40 years of wandering (
Exodus 16:1-3). The Benjamites' flight toward the wilderness signifies their desperation and the dire situation they faced. This retreat can be compared to other biblical instances where enemies of Israel fled, such as the Canaanites in
Joshua 10:16. The wilderness here may refer to the rugged terrain east of Gibeah, which provided limited refuge.
but the battle overtook them
The phrase indicates that the Benjamites could not escape the pursuing Israelite forces. This reflects the completeness of God's judgment against Benjamin for their sin, as the battle was divinely ordained (Judges 20:18, 28). The inevitability of the battle overtaking them can be seen as a parallel to the inescapable nature of divine justice, reminiscent of the fate of the Egyptians at the Red Sea (Exodus 14:23-28). The relentless pursuit by the Israelites underscores the seriousness of the conflict and the determination to eradicate the sin from among them.
and the men coming out of the cities struck them down there
This part of the verse highlights the strategic ambush set by the Israelites. The men coming out of the cities were likely part of a tactical maneuver, similar to the ambush at Ai inJoshua 8:3-8. This strategy reflects the wisdom and planning involved in the battle, as well as the unity of the Israelite tribes in executing God's judgment. The cities mentioned could be those near Gibeah, where the Benjamites had initially sought refuge. The striking down of the Benjamites signifies the fulfillment of divine retribution and the restoration of justice, echoing the theme of God's sovereignty in battle as seen throughout the Old Testament.
Persons / Places / Events
1.
Men of IsraelThe collective tribes of Israel, excluding Benjamin, who were engaged in a civil war against the tribe of Benjamin due to the grievous sin committed in Gibeah.
2.
WildernessThe area to which the Benjamites retreated, symbolizing a place of desolation and defeat.
3.
BattleThe conflict between the Israelites and the Benjamites, which was a result of the moral and social decay within the tribe of Benjamin.
4.
CitiesRefers to the cities of Israel from which men came out to join the battle against Benjamin, indicating a united front against sin.
5.
BenjamitesThe tribe of Benjamin, who were being punished for their refusal to hand over the perpetrators of a heinous crime in Gibeah.
Teaching Points
The Consequences of SinSin, when left unaddressed, leads to destruction and defeat. The Benjamites' refusal to deal with sin within their tribe led to their downfall.
Unity in RighteousnessThe tribes of Israel united against the sin in Benjamin, demonstrating the importance of collective action in addressing wrongdoing within a community.
The Wilderness ExperienceThe wilderness represents a place of judgment and reflection. In our lives, times of desolation can be opportunities for repentance and renewal.
God's JusticeThe passage highlights God's justice in dealing with sin. It serves as a reminder that God does not overlook sin, and there are consequences for unrepentant behavior.
Repentance and RestorationWhile the passage focuses on judgment, it also opens the door for discussions on the importance of repentance and the possibility of restoration.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of Judges 20:42?
2.How does Judges 20:42 illustrate the consequences of turning away from God?
3.What can we learn about God's justice from Judges 20:42?
4.How does Judges 20:42 connect to Romans 6:23 about sin's consequences?
5.How can we apply the lessons of Judges 20:42 to modern conflicts?
6.What role does repentance play in avoiding outcomes like in Judges 20:42?
7.Why did the Israelites pursue the Benjamites in Judges 20:42?
8.How does Judges 20:42 reflect God's justice?
9.What historical evidence supports the battle described in Judges 20:42?
10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Judges 20?
11.Judges 20 (entire chapter) - Is there any archeological evidence supporting so great a civil war among the tribes of Israel, or are the events purely literary?
12.Judges 20:18-23 - Why would God direct Israel to attack Benjamin, allow defeat twice, and then finally grant them victory on the third attempt?
13.Judges 5:20: How can we reconcile the statement that 'the stars fought' with scientific understanding of celestial bodies?
14.Historically and archaeologically, is there evidence to support the repeated cycles of rebellion and divine judgment described throughout Ezekiel 20?What Does Judges 20:42 Mean
So they fled before the men of Israel“So they fled before the men of Israel”.
• The Benjamites, once confident, now break ranks and run. A reversal has occurred—God’s people, having sought His guidance (Judges 20:18, 26-28), press the attack and the guilty tribe collapses, fulfilling God’s word that Benjamin would be delivered (v. 28).
• Cross references:Deuteronomy 28:25 shows God’s covenant warning that unfaithful Israelites would “flee before your enemies.”Leviticus 26:17 echoes the same pattern. The scene also mirrorsJoshua 7:8-12, where Israel fled because sin was in the camp; here, Benjamin flees because sin is in its camp.
Toward the wilderness“…toward the wilderness”.
• The Benjamites choose the barren, trackless region to escape, hoping the rough terrain will shield them.
• Similar flight paths:Exodus 14:11-12 records Israel heading toward the wilderness before the Red Sea;1 Samuel 24:1-2 shows Saul pursuing David in the Wilderness of En-gedi. A wilderness can mean safety—or judgment, depending on God’s favor.
• In this account the wilderness offers no refuge because the Lord has determined the outcome (Judges 20:35).
But the battle overtook them“…but the battle overtook them”.
• Judgment is swift; running cannot outpace God’s decree.
• Cross references:Numbers 32:23 warns, “your sin will find you out.”Psalm 139:7-12 reminds us no one can flee from the Lord’s presence.Amos 9:1-4 describes futile attempts to escape divine justice.
• The phrase highlights personal responsibility: the Benjamites are not victims; they are reaping what was sown in the crime of Gibeah (Judges 19).
And the men coming out of the cities struck them down there“…and the men coming out of the cities struck them down there”.
• Israel had set an ambush (Judges 20:29-31). Troops hidden around Gibeah now pour from the city to cut off escapees, creating a pincer movement.
• Comparable tactics:Joshua 8:18-22 (Ai) andJudges 7:21-22 (Gideon) show God granting victory through coordinated strategy.
• The phrase “struck them down” underscores the completeness of the judgment—echoingDeuteronomy 13:12-18, where entire communities given to wickedness were to be purged to maintain Israel’s holiness.
summaryJudges 20:42 records the decisive moment when Benjamin’s rebellion meets God’s justice. The guilty tribe flees, but the wilderness offers no sanctuary; the pursuing Israelites and hidden ambush converge, fulfilling God’s earlier promise of victory. The verse testifies that sin cannot outrun divine judgment and that obedience to God’s directives brings righteous resolution.
(42)
Unto the way of the wilderness.--The wilderness is that known as "the wilderness of Bethaven" (
Joshua 18:12). It is described in Joshua 16 as "the wilderness that goeth up from Jericho throughout Mount Bethel." (See Robinson,
Bibl. Res.1:572.) The first thought of fugitives in Eastern Palestine was to get to one of the fords of the Jordan (
2Samuel 15:23;
2Kings 25:4-5).
Them which came out of the cities they destroyed in the midst of them.--This obscure clause is rendered differently in different versions. If the English Version be correct, as it probably is, the meaning must be that the Benjamites fled to their own cities, and were pursued thither and slain by the Israelites.
Verse 42. -
Therefore they turned their backs, etc. The narrative now at length advances one step. The result of the Benjamites finding themselves between the ambushment and the army of Israel was that they took to flight in an easterly direction (ver. 43) toward the wilderness,
i.e. the wilderness described in
Joshua 16:1 as "the wilderness that goeth up from Jericho throughout Mount Bethel," where the direction of the wilderness relative to Ephraim is also described as being "on the east." In like manner Zedekiah fled towards the plain (
arabah) or plains of Jericho - a term nearly synonymous with
wilderness (
2 Kings 25:4, 5).
Them which came out of the cities, etc. This is a very obscure passage, and is very variously explained.
Those which came out of
thecities must be the same as are so described in ver. 15, and designates the Benjamites who were not inhabitants of Gibeah. The simplest way, therefore, to understand the passage is to render it without reference to the accents: "And the battle overtook him and those that were from the cities (
i.e. the men of Gibeah and the rest of the Benjamites), destroying him (the whole Benjamite army) in the midst of him,"
i.e. going right into the midst of them, and destroying right and left. Some, however, render it
in the midst of it,
i.e. of the wilderness. The plural participle
destroying agrees with the singular noun of multitude,
the battle or
war, meaning
all the men of war.
Parallel Commentaries ...
Hebrew
So they fledוַיִּפְנ֞וּ(way·yip̄·nū)Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 6437:To turn, to face, appear, lookbeforeלִפְנֵ֨י(lip̄·nê)Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct
Strong's 6440:The facethe menאִ֤ישׁ(’îš)Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 376:A man as an individual, a male personof Israelיִשְׂרָאֵל֙(yiś·rā·’êl)Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478:Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desctowardאֶל־(’el-)Preposition
Strong's 413:Near, with, among, tothe wilderness,הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר(ham·miḏ·bār)Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4057:A pasture, a desert, speechbut the battleוְהַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה(wə·ham·mil·ḥā·māh)Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 4421:A battle, warovertook them,הִדְבִּיקָ֑תְהוּ(hiḏ·bî·qā·ṯə·hū)Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person feminine singular | third person masculine singular
Strong's 1692:To impinge, cling, adhere, to catch by pursuitand the menוַאֲשֶׁר֙(wa·’ă·šer)Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834:Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order thatcoming out of the citiesמֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים(mê·he·‘ā·rîm)Preposition-m, Article | Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 5892:Excitementstruck them downמַשְׁחִיתִ֥ים(maš·ḥî·ṯîm)Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 7843:Perhaps to go to ruinthere.בְּתוֹכֽוֹ׃(bə·ṯō·w·ḵōw)Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 8432:A bisection, the centre
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OT History: Judges 20:42 Therefore they turned their backs before (Jd Judg. Jdg)