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◄ Jude 1:13►

New International Version
They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.

New Living Translation
They are like wild waves of the sea, churning up the foam of their shameful deeds. They are like wandering stars, doomed forever to blackest darkness.

English Standard Version
wild waves of the sea, casting up the foam of their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the gloom of utter darkness has been reserved forever.

Berean Standard Bible
They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.

Berean Literal Bible
wild waves ofthe sea, foaming out of theirown shame; wandering stars, to whom the gloom of darkness has been reserved tothe age.

King James Bible
Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.

New King James Version
raging waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame; wandering stars for whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever.

New American Standard Bible
wild waves of the sea, churning up their own shameful deeds likedirty foam; wandering stars, for whom the gloom of darkness has been reserved forever.

NASB 1995
wild waves of the sea, casting up their own shame like foam; wandering stars, for whom the black darkness has been reserved forever.

NASB 1977
wild waves of the sea, casting up their own shame like foam; wandering stars, for whom the black darkness has been reserved forever.

Legacy Standard Bible
wild waves of the sea, casting up their own shame like foam; wandering stars, for whom the black darkness has been reserved forever.

Amplified Bible
wild waves of the sea, flinging up their own shame like foam; wandering stars, for whom the gloom of deep darkness has been reserved forever.

Christian Standard Bible
They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their shameful deeds; wandering stars for whom the blackness of darkness is reserved forever.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
wild waves of the sea, foaming up their shameful deeds; wandering stars for whom the blackness of darkness is reserved forever!

American Standard Version
wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness hath been reserved for ever.

Contemporary English Version
Their shameful deeds show up like foam on wild ocean waves. They are like wandering stars forever doomed to the darkest pits of hell.

English Revised Version
Wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness hath been reserved for ever.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Their shame is like the foam on the wild waves of the sea. They are wandering stars for whom gloomy darkness is kept forever.

Good News Translation
They are like wild waves of the sea, with their shameful deeds showing up like foam. They are like wandering stars, for whom God has reserved a place forever in the deepest darkness.

International Standard Version
They are wild waves of the sea, churning up the foam of their own shame. They are wandering stars for whom the deepest darkness has been reserved forever.

NET Bible
wild sea waves, spewing out the foam of their shame; wayward stars for whom the utter depths of eternal darkness have been reserved.

New Heart English Bible
wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever.

Webster's Bible Translation
Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.

Weymouth New Testament
wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom is reserved dense darkness of age-long duration.

Majority Text Translations

Majority Standard Bible
They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame; wandering stars, for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.

World English Bible
wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever.

Literal Translations

Literal Standard Version
wild waves of a sea, foaming up their own shameful [deeds]; stars going astray, for whom the gloom of the darkness throughout the age has been kept.

Berean Literal Bible
wild waves ofthe sea, foaming out of theirown shame; wandering stars, to whom the gloom of darkness has been reserved tothe age.

Young's Literal Translation
wild waves of a sea, foaming out their own shames; stars going astray, to whom the gloom of the darkness to the age hath been kept.

Smith's Literal Translation
Fierce waves of the sea, foaming out their own shames; wandering stars, to whom the obscurity of darkness has been kept forever.

Catholic Translations

Douay-Rheims Bible
Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own confusion; wandering stars, to whom the storm of darkness is reserved for ever.

Catholic Public Domain Version
raging waves of the sea, foaming from their own confusion; wandering stars, for whom the whirlwind of darkness has been reserved forever!

New American Bible
They are like wild waves of the sea, foaming up their shameless deeds, wandering stars for whom the gloom of darkness has been reserved forever.

New Revised Standard Version
wild waves of the sea, casting up the foam of their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the deepest darkness has been reserved forever.

Translations from Aramaic

Lamsa Bible
Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Strong surges of the sea that show their shame by their froth. These are wandering stars, for whom the gloom of darkness is reserved for eternity.

NT Translations

Anderson New Testament
raging waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame: wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness is reserved forever.

Godbey New Testament
wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own disgraces; wandering stars, for which the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever.

Haweis New Testament
raging billows of the sea foaming out their own infamies; stars wandering from their courses, for whom the blackness of darkness for ever is reserved.

Mace New Testament
raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame: wandering lights, to whom is reserv'd the thickest darkness for ever.

Weymouth New Testament
wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom is reserved dense darkness of age-long duration.

Worrell New Testament
wild waves ofthe sea, foaming out their own ignominies; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of the darkness has been reserved forever.

Worsley New Testament
wandering stars, for whom blackness of darkness is reserved for ever.

Additional Translations ...

Audio Bible

Context

God's Judgment on the Ungodly
…12These men are hidden reefs in your love feasts, shamelessly feasting with you but shepherding only themselves. They are clouds without water, carried along by the wind; fruitless trees in autumn, twice dead after being uprooted.13They are wild waves of the sea,foaming up their own shame;wandering stars,for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever.14Enoch, the seventh from Adam, also prophesied about them: “Behold, the Lord is coming with myriads of His holy ones…

Berean Standard Bible ·Download

Cross References

2 Peter 2:17
These men are springs without water and mists driven by a storm. Blackest darkness is reserved for them.

Matthew 8:12
But the sons of the kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”

Isaiah 57:20
But the wicked are like the storm-tossed sea, for it cannot be still, and its waves churn up mire and muck.

Proverbs 25:14
Like clouds and wind without rain is the man who boasts of gifts never given.

Ephesians 4:14
Then we will no longer be infants, tossed about by the waves and carried around by every wind of teaching and by the clever cunning of men in their deceitful scheming.

Jeremiah 5:22-23
Do you not fear Me?” declares the LORD. “Do you not tremble before Me, the One who set the sand as the boundary for the sea, an enduring barrier it cannot cross? The waves surge, but they cannot prevail. They roar but cannot cross it. / But these people have stubborn and rebellious hearts. They have turned aside and gone away.

Matthew 15:14
Disregard them! They are blind guides. If a blind man leads a blind man, both will fall into a pit.”

2 Peter 3:16
He writes this way in all his letters, speaking in them about such matters. Some parts of his letters are hard to understand, which ignorant and unstable people distort, as they do the rest of the Scriptures, to their own destruction.

Isaiah 5:30
In that day they will roar over it, like the roaring of the sea. If one looks over the land, he will see darkness and distress; even the light will be obscured by clouds.

Job 38:11
and I declared: ‘You may come this far, but no farther; here your proud waves must stop’?

1 Timothy 1:19
holding on to faith and a good conscience, which some have rejected and thereby shipwrecked their faith.

Psalm 65:7
You stilled the roaring of the seas, the pounding of their waves, and the tumult of the nations.

Matthew 23:27
Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of dead men’s bones and every kind of impurity.

Isaiah 17:12-13
Alas, the tumult of many peoples; they rage like the roaring seas and clamoring nations; they rumble like the crashing of mighty waters. / The nations rage like the rush of many waters. He rebukes them, and they flee far away, driven before the wind like chaff on the hills, like tumbleweeds before a gale.

1 Corinthians 4:5
Therefore judge nothing before the appointed time; wait until the Lord comes. He will bring to light what is hidden in darkness and will expose the motives of men’s hearts. At that time each will receive his praise from God.

Treasury of Scripture

Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.

Raging.

Psalm 65:7
Which stilleth the noise of the seas, the noise of their waves, and the tumult of the people.

Psalm 93:3,4
The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their waves…

Isaiah 57:20
But the wickedare like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt.

foaming.

Philippians 3:19
Whose endis destruction, whose Godis their belly, andwhose gloryis in their shame, who mind earthly things.)

2 Timothy 3:13
But evil men and seducers shall wax worse and worse, deceiving, and being deceived.

wandering.

Revelation 8:10,11
And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters; …

to whom.

2 Peter 2:17
These are wells without water, clouds that are carried with a tempest; to whom the mist of darkness is reserved for ever.

Revelation 14:10,11
The same shall drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out without mixture into the cup of his indignation; and he shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels, and in the presence of the Lamb: …

Revelation 20:10
And the devil that deceived them was cast into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophetare, and shall be tormented day and night for ever and ever.

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Jude 1

1.He exhorts them to be constant in the profession of the faith.
4.false teachers crept in to seduce them, for whose evil doctrine a horrible punishment is prepared;
20.whereas the godly may persevere, grow in grace, and keep the faith.

Study Bible

Book ◦ Chapter

They are wild waves of the sea
This phrase draws on imagery from the natural world, specifically the sea, which in biblical times was often seen as a symbol of chaos and danger. The wild waves suggest instability and unpredictability, characteristics of the false teachers Jude is warning against. InIsaiah 57:20, the wicked are compared to the troubled sea, emphasizing their restless and destructive nature. The sea's tumultuous waves can also symbolize the lack of peace and order in the lives of those who reject God's truth.

foaming up their own shame
The foam produced by the waves represents the shameful deeds and empty boasts of the false teachers. Just as foam is the result of the churning sea, their actions are the natural outcome of their corrupt nature. This imagery suggests that their shame is both visible and inevitable, much like the foam that cannot be hidden. The concept of shame is significant in biblical culture, where honor and reputation were highly valued. Their actions lead to disgrace, contrasting with the honor that comes from living a righteous life.

wandering stars
In the ancient world, stars were often used for navigation, providing a fixed point of reference. However, wandering stars, likely referring to meteors or planets, do not provide reliable guidance. This metaphor highlights the misleading nature of the false teachers, who lead others astray rather than guiding them to truth. The imagery of wandering stars can also be connected to the fallen angels mentioned earlier in Jude, who left their proper place and are now bound in darkness.

for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever
This phrase underscores the severe judgment awaiting the false teachers. The "blackest darkness" signifies complete separation from God, who is light (1John 1:5). The eternal nature of this darkness emphasizes the finality of their judgment. This imagery is consistent with other biblical descriptions of hell, such as inMatthew 25:30, where the unfaithful servant is cast into outer darkness. The reserved nature of this punishment indicates that it is certain and unavoidable for those who persist in their rebellion against God.

Persons / Places / Events

1.Jude
The author of the epistle, traditionally identified as Jude, the brother of James and half-brother of Jesus. He writes to warn believers about false teachers.

2.False Teachers
The primary subject of Jude's warning. These individuals are described metaphorically inJude 1:13 as dangerous and unstable influences within the church.

3.The Sea
Used metaphorically to describe the chaotic and destructive nature of the false teachers.

4.Stars
Another metaphor used to describe the false teachers, indicating their misleading and transient nature.

5.Blackest Darkness
Represents the judgment and eternal separation from God reserved for the false teachers.

Teaching Points

The Danger of False Teaching
False teachers are likened to wild waves and wandering stars, emphasizing their instability and potential for destruction within the church.

The Consequences of Leading Others Astray
Jude highlights the severe judgment awaiting those who mislead others, reminding believers of the seriousness of adhering to sound doctrine.

Discernment in the Church
Believers are called to be vigilant and discerning, recognizing and rejecting teachings that deviate from the truth of the Gospel.

The Importance of Spiritual Anchors
Just as ships need anchors to avoid being tossed by waves, Christians need strong spiritual foundations to withstand false teachings.

Eternal Perspective
Jude's warning about "blackest darkness" serves as a reminder of the eternal consequences of our choices and the importance of living in the light of God's truth.

Bible Study Questions and Answers

1.What is the meaning of Jude 1:13?

2.How do "wild waves of the sea" symbolize false teachers' destructive nature?

3.What does "wandering stars" reveal about the fate of false teachers?

4.How can we guard against "shame" caused by false teachings in our church?

5.Connect Jude 1:13 with 2 Peter 2:17 on false teachers' judgment.

6.How can we discern and avoid "fruitless" influences in our spiritual journey?

7.What does Jude 1:13 mean by "wild waves of the sea"?

8.How does Jude 1:13 relate to false teachers in the church?

9.What is the significance of "wandering stars" in Jude 1:13?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Jude 1?

11.If angels can sin (like Satan did), what stops them from sinning in the future?

12.What does "outer darkness" mean in the Bible?

13.In Revelation 8:12, how does a third of the sun, moon, and stars darken without affecting the rest of creation or appearing in other historical records?

14.If Genesis describes the creation of the sun on the fourth day, how were there 'days' before the sun existed?

What Does Jude 1:13 Mean

Wild waves of the sea

“they are wild waves of the sea” (Jude 1:13)

• Waves are never at rest and can smash anything in their path.Isaiah 57:20 pictures the wicked as “the tossing sea, which cannot rest.”

• False teachers share that instability—constantly churning, agitating, and endangering the unwary (Psalm 93:4;Jeremiah 5:22).

• There is no solid ground in them; their influence batters faith rather than building it (Ephesians 4:14).

Foaming up their own shame

“foaming up their own shame” (Jude 1:13)

• When a wave breaks, it leaves foam—evidence of what was hidden beneath. In the same way, the ungodly leave a trail that exposes them.

–Isaiah 57:20 notes that the sea “casts up mire and mud.”

–Philippians 3:19 says, “their glory is in their shame.”

• Their teachings and lifestyles eventually surface, displaying rebellion, immorality, and pride (Ephesians 5:11–12).

Wandering stars

“wandering stars” (Jude 1:13)

• In ancient navigation, fixed stars guided travelers; wandering ones (shooting stars, comets) dazzled briefly, then vanished.

–2 Peter 2:17 calls false teachers “springs without water and mists driven by a storm.”

–Proverbs 4:19 describes the path of the wicked as darkness; they do not know what makes them stumble.

• These leaders promise direction yet lead astray, lacking the steady, trustworthy light of Christ (John 8:12).

For whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever

“for whom blackest darkness has been reserved forever” (Jude 1:13)

• God’s judgment is certain and specific. The phrase “reserved” underscores a deliberate, settled verdict.

–Matthew 25:30 speaks of “outer darkness,” a place of weeping and gnashing of teeth.

–2 Peter 2:17 repeats that “the blackest darkness is reserved for them.”

• The destiny they choose—turning from the Light—becomes eternal separation and darkness (Revelation 20:10;Matthew 8:12).

summary

Jude paints four vivid pictures of false teachers: restless, destructive waves; shame-revealing foam; misleading, short-lived stars; and souls headed for eternal darkness. The passage warns believers to recognize such danger, cling to the unchanging truth of Scripture, and rest in the sure promise that God will judge deceit while preserving His people in the light of Christ.

Parallel Commentaries ...

Greek

[They are] wild
ἄγρια(agria)
Adjective - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 66:Wild, fierce. From agros; wild, literally or figuratively.

waves
κύματα(kymata)
Noun - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 2949:A wave, surge, billow. From kuo (with young), i.e. Bend, curve); a billow.

of [the] sea,
θαλάσσης(thalassēs)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 2281:Probably prolonged from hals; the sea.

foaming up
ἐπαφρίζοντα(epaphrizonta)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Neuter Plural
Strong's 1890:From epi and aphrizo; to foam upon, i.e. to exhibit.

their
ἑαυτῶν(heautōn)
Reflexive Pronoun - Genitive Neuter 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 1438:Himself, herself, itself.

[own]
τὰς(tas)
Article - Accusative Feminine Plural
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

shame;
αἰσχύνας(aischynas)
Noun - Accusative Feminine Plural
Strong's 152:Shame, shamefacedness, shameful deeds. From aischunomai; shame or disgrace.

wandering
πλανῆται(planētai)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 4107:A wanderer. From planos; a rover, i.e. an erratic teacher.

stars,
ἀστέρες(asteres)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 792:A star. Probably from the base of stronnumi; a star, literally or figuratively.

for whom
οἷς(hois)
Personal / Relative Pronoun - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3739:Who, which, what, that.

blackest
ζόφος(zophos)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 2217:Darkness, murkiness, gloom. Akin to the base of nephos; gloom.

darkness
σκότους(skotous)
Noun - Genitive Neuter Singular
Strong's 4655:Darkness, either physical or moral. From the base of skia; shadiness, i.e. Obscurity.

has been reserved
τετήρηται(tetērētai)
Verb - Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 5083:From teros; to guard, i.e. To note; by implication, to detain; by extension, to withhold; by extension, to withhold.

forever.
αἰῶνα(aiōna)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Strong's 165:From the same as aei; properly, an age; by extension, perpetuity; by implication, the world; specially a Messianic period.

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NT Letters: Jude 1:13 Wild waves of the sea foaming out (Jud. Ju Jd)