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John 5:22
For the Father judgeth no man, but hath committed all judgment unto the Son:

Psalm 2:6-9
Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion…

Psalm 110:1,2,6
A Psalm of David. The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool…

because.

Daniel 7:13,14
I saw in the night visions, and, behold,one like the Son of man came with the clouds of heaven, and came to the Ancient of days, and they brought him near before him…

Philippians 2:7-11
But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: …

Hebrews 2:7-9
Thou madest him a little lower than the angels; thou crownedst him with glory and honour, and didst set him over the works of thy hands: …

the Son.

John 7:13
Howbeit no man spake openly of him for fear of the Jews.

because He is the Son of Man
The title "Son of Man" is significant, appearing frequently in the Gospels and rooted in Jewish apocalyptic literature, particularly inDaniel 7:13-14. It conveys both Jesus' humanity and His divine authority. In the cultural context of first-century Judaism, this title would resonate with messianic expectations, yet Jesus redefines it through His life, death, and resurrection. The use of "Son of Man" emphasizes Jesus' identification with humanity, fulfilling the role of the perfect mediator between God and man. It also connects to the theme of Jesus as the second Adam, as seen in1 Corinthians 15:45-49, highlighting His role in restoring what was lost through the fall.

• This verse continues Jesus’ flowing explanation of His relationship with the Father (John 5:19–26), so “And” links directly to what has just been said about shared divine works and life-giving power.

• The Father and Son act in perfect unity (John 10:30). The connective “And” reminds us the statement about judgment is not isolated but part of an unbroken revelation of divine cooperation (John 5:17).

• “He” refers to the Father; “Him” is the Son. The Father’s granting underscores willing, purposeful delegation, never suggesting inferiority but revealing ordered harmony within the Godhead (Philippians 2:9–11;Matthew 28:18).

• Authority here is comprehensive—Jesus holds full, rightful power over heaven and earth (Colossians 1:16–18).

• The grant is public, legal, and irrevocable. It secures confidence that the Judge possesses the ultimate right to rule (Daniel 7:13–14).

• The intended task of this authority is judicial: Jesus will render decisive, righteous verdicts (Acts 17:31).

• Judgment includes:

– Evaluating every deed, word, and motive (2 Corinthians 5:10).

– Separating believers from unbelievers (Matthew 25:31–46).

– Bringing final justice to the earth (Revelation 20:11–15).

• Because Jesus is also Savior (John 3:17), His judgment perfectly balances mercy and justice (Isaiah 11:3–4).

• “Son of Man” is Jesus’ favorite self-designation, drawn fromDaniel 7:13–14, portraying both humanity and messianic dominion.

• As true man, He understands our experience (Hebrews 4:15). As prophesied King, He possesses divine prerogative (Revelation 1:12–18).

• His earthly life, death, and resurrection validate His qualification to judge:

– He lived sinlessly (1 Peter 2:22).

– He bore sin sacrificially (2 Corinthians 5:21).

– He rose victoriously (Romans 1:4).

• Therefore the Father entrusts judgment to the One who fully identifies with those He judges yet stands in perfect righteousness (John 5:22–23).

John 5:27 reveals that the Father has officially conferred to Jesus, the incarnate “Son of Man,” complete authority to render final, righteous judgment. United with the Father, equipped through His sinless humanity and divine majesty, Jesus will evaluate every person and establish everlasting justice, assuring believers of His sovereign and fair rule.

The Son of man.--Render,a son of man. The term differs by the striking omission of articles from the usual term for the Messiah, and occurs again inRevelation 1:13;Revelation 14:14. It is here in contrast to the "Son of God" inJohn 5:25. The explanation is, once more, to be found in the thought of the Incarnation as an emptying Himself of the attributes which are the glories of the divine nature. It is not because He is Messiah (the Son of Man), but human (a son of man), that the Father gave Him the power to have life in Himself, and the authority to execute judgment. (See Note onJohn 5:26.) Still His humanity is nothere dwelt upon as a qualification for the office of judge, because it is of the same nature as that of those He judges. This thought and the thoughts which flow from it (comp.Acts 17:31) are full of beauty and truth, but the side of truth prominent in this verse, and all those which followJohn 5:17, is not His relation to man,but His relation to God. All are a sermon on the text, "My Father worketh hitherto, and I work." . . .

(2)Second "greater work" -judgment of the world.Verse 27. -And he gave him (i.e. the Son, theGod-Man)authority to execute judgment,because he is Son of man. He has vindicated his power to confer life upon the dead by asserting the possession by "the Son" of the Divine Sonship. He now adds, so far as the relation to man is concerned, his fitness and authority to administer justice, to preside over the entire juridical process, to lift the scales, to determine the destiny of the human race. The fitness is seen in this, that he, "the Son," is "the Son of man." The one term, "THE SON," entirely covers the twofold Sonship. The proof of his humanity is assumed to be complete. The fact of it is the ground that he who knows what is in man should be the Judge of men. By personal experience of man's temptations and frailties; by knowing every palliation of our sins, every extenuation of our failures, every aggravation of our weakness; by gazing through human eyes with human consciousness upon our mysterious destiny, he is competent to judge; whereas by being Son of God as well as Son of man, he is entrusted with power to execute the judgment of the Eternal. The principle involved is based upon perfect justice. The honour thus conferred on the God-Man is infinite, the consolation thus held out to man unspeakable. We are being judged by Christ, not by impersonal law. The entire incidence upon every individual of the Law is in the hands of the Redeemer. The Saviour, the Life-giver, the Voice which quickens the dead, assigns the judgment. We must be careful, in any inference we draw from this grand utterance, to avoid all suspicion of schism or rivalry between the Father and the Son. The Son is not more merciful than the Father. For the Father of the Old Testament pitieth his children, and knoweth their frame (Psalm 103:13, 14), and the Father of Jesus Christ loves the world, and counts the very hairs of our heads. The Son will not exercise this judgment with less regard to the claims of eternal justice than the Father; but his knowledge of humanity is, by the nature of the case, a guarantee of such application of the justice of God to the case of every individual, that man's knowledge of himself will be able personally to justify and verify it. The Divine judgment will go forth from the heart of man himself.

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