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The Death of Jesus
…29A jar of sour wine was sitting there. So they soaked a sponge in the wine, put it on a stalk of hyssop, and lifted it to His mouth.30WhenJesushad receivedthesour wine,He said,“It is finished.”AndbowingHishead,He yielded upHisspirit.31It was the day of Preparation, and the next day was a High Sabbath. In order that the bodies would not remain on the cross during the Sabbath, the Jews asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies removed.…

Treasury of Scripture

When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.

It is.

John 19:28
After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.

John 4:34
Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work.

John 17:4
I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.

and he.

John 10:11,18
I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep…

Matthew 20:28
Even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.

Matthew 27:50
Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.

BentBowedBowingDeliveredDrinkExpiredFinishedGhostHeadJesusReceivedSoonSourSpiritVinegarWineYieldedBentBowedBowingDeliveredDrinkExpiredFinishedGhostHeadJesusReceivedSoonSourSpiritVinegarWineYielded1.Jesus is scourged, crowned with thorns, and beaten.
4.Pilate is desirous to release him,
15.but being overcome with the outrage of the crowd, he delivers him to be crucified.
23.They cast lots for his garments.
25.He commends his mother to John.
28.He dies.
31.His side is pierced.
38.He is buried by Joseph and Nicodemus.

When Jesus had received the sour wine
This phrase indicates the fulfillment ofPsalm 69:21, which prophesies that the Messiah would be given vinegar to drink. The sour wine, or vinegar, was a common drink for Roman soldiers and the poor, highlighting the humility and suffering of Jesus. This act also signifies the completion of His physical suffering, as He fulfills the last of the prophecies concerning His passion.

He said, “It is finished.”
The Greek term "tetelestai" used here means "paid in full" or "completed." This declaration signifies the completion of Jesus' earthly mission and the fulfillment of all Old Testament prophecies concerning the Messiah. It marks the end of the sacrificial system, as Jesus' death provides the ultimate atonement for sin. This statement also connects toHebrews 10:12-14, where Christ's single offering perfects believers for all time.

And bowing His head
This action indicates a voluntary and peaceful submission to death. In the cultural context, bowing the head can symbolize respect or completion. Jesus' control over His own death is emphasized here, as He chooses the moment to surrender His life, aligning with His earlier statement inJohn 10:18 that He lays down His life of His own accord.

He yielded up His spirit
This phrase underscores the voluntary nature of Jesus' death. Unlike typical crucifixion victims who succumb to exhaustion or asphyxiation, Jesus consciously gives up His spirit, demonstrating His divine authority over life and death. This act fulfills His earlier promise inJohn 2:19-21 about raising the temple of His body, pointing to His resurrection. It also reflects the trust and obedience to the Father, as seen inLuke 23:46, where Jesus commits His spirit into God's hands.

1.Jesus Christ
The central figure of the New Testament, the Son of God, who is crucified for the sins of humanity. His declaration "It is finished" signifies the completion of His earthly mission and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding the Messiah.

2.Golgotha
The place where Jesus was crucified, also known as "The Place of the Skull." It is located outside the walls of Jerusalem and is a significant site in Christian tradition.

3.The Crucifixion
The event of Jesus being nailed to the cross, a pivotal moment in Christian theology representing the atonement for sin.

4.Sour Wine
A common drink for Roman soldiers, offered to Jesus as He was on the cross. This act fulfilled the prophecy found inPsalm 69:21.

5.The Roman Soldiers
The individuals who carried out the crucifixion, fulfilling their duty under Roman law, yet unwittingly participating in the divine plan of salvation.The Fulfillment of Prophecy
Jesus' words "It is finished" confirm the fulfillment of numerous Old Testament prophecies, demonstrating the reliability and divine inspiration of Scripture.

The Completion of Salvation
The phrase "It is finished" signifies the completion of the work of salvation. Believers can rest in the assurance that Jesus' sacrifice is sufficient for the forgiveness of sins.

The Victory Over Sin and Death
Jesus' declaration marks the victory over sin and death, offering believers hope and freedom from the bondage of sin.

The Model of Obedience
Jesus' obedience to the Father's will, even unto death, serves as a model for believers to follow in their own lives.

The Call to Faith
Understanding that Jesus' work is complete encourages believers to live by faith, trusting in His finished work rather than their own efforts.1.What is the meaning of John 19:30?

2.How does "It is finished" in John 19:30 fulfill Old Testament prophecies?

3.What does Jesus' declaration in John 19:30 mean for our salvation today?

4.How can we apply the finality of "It is finished" in daily life?

5.How does John 19:30 connect with Jesus' mission described in John 3:16?

6.What does Jesus' completion of His work teach about perseverance in our faith?

7.What does "It is finished" in John 19:30 signify about Jesus' mission on Earth?

8.How does John 19:30 fulfill Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah?

9.Why is the phrase "It is finished" crucial to understanding Christian salvation?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from John 19?

11.What did Jesus mean by saying "It is finished"?

12.What is the Unification Church?

13.What are the core beliefs of Sandemanianism?

14.What did Jesus mean by "All things are accomplished"?When Jesus had received the sour wine

“After this, knowing that everything had now been accomplished, and so that the Scripture would be fulfilled, Jesus said, ‘I am thirsty.’ … So when Jesus had received the sour wine …” (John 19:28-30).

• The soldiers’ cheap, acidic drink touched His lips, answering the prophecy, “They gave me gall for my food, and for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink” (Psalm 69:21).

• Even in agony, Jesus governs every detail, showing that nothing happens by accident (Acts 2:23).

• The taste signaled the final checkbox of fulfilled Scripture; the work was ready to be declared complete.

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He said, “It is finished.”

• Three simple English words announce the completion of the entire redemptive plan first promised inGenesis 3:15 and pictured through every sacrifice that followed (Hebrews 10:10).

• “Finished” means:

– The payment for sin is fully made (Colossians 2:14).

– Satan’s claim over repentant sinners is broken (Hebrews 2:14-15).

– Every requirement of God’s righteous law is satisfied (Romans 8:3-4).

• Not a cry of defeat but of triumphant accomplishment, matching the confidence He voiced the night before: “I have glorified You on earth by finishing the work You gave Me to do” (John 17:4).

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And bowing His head

• The posture is deliberate, not forced. He bows first, then dies—reversing the normal order, underlining His authority over life and death (John 10:18).

• It mirrors the humility He carried from Bethlehem to Calvary: “He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to death—even death on a cross” (Philippians 2:8).

• The bowed head also hints at rest; the work is done, the laborer lays His head down (Hebrews 4:10).

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He yielded up His spirit

• “Yielded” underscores a voluntary surrender. Matthew records it similarly: “Jesus yielded up His spirit” (Matthew 27:50).

• No one took His life from Him; He gave it (John 10:17-18).

• At that very moment the temple veil tore (Luke 23:45), God testifying that the barrier between Himself and humanity was removed.

• The centurion saw and “praised God, saying, ‘Surely this was a righteous man’” (Luke 23:47), immediate evidence that His death was already bearing fruit (John 12:24).

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summary

John 19:30 shows the climax of salvation history. Every prophecy is fulfilled, every requirement met, every obstacle removed. Jesus consciously tastes the final drop of suffering, proclaims the mission accomplished, bows in peaceful submission, and relinquishes His spirit on His own terms. Nothing more needs to be added; our response is simply to trust the finished work and live in grateful obedience.

(30)It is finished.--That is (comp.John 19:28, andJohn 17:4), the work which God had given Him to do. (Comp. Notes onMatthew 27:50, andLuke 23:46.) This word is the expression by Jesus Himself of what St. John had expressed by saying, "Jesus knowing that all things were now finished, that the Scriptures should be fulfilled."

The order of the seven words of the cross will be, (1) "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do" (Luke 23:34); (2) "Verily I say unto thee, To-day shalt thou be with Me in Paradise" (Luke 23:43); (3) "Woman, behold thy son," "Behold thy mother" (John 19:26-27); (4) "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?" (Matthew 27:46,Mark 15:34); (5) "I thirst" (John 19:28); (6) "It is finished" (John 19:29); (7) "Into Thy hands I commend My spirit" (Luke 23:46). . . .

Verse 30. - (d) "It is finished!" -the great victory of completed sacrifice.When he had received the vinegar, he said (τετέλεσται),It is finished! and he bowed his head and delivered up his spirit. The other evangelists record yet another word of Divine and sublime submission, "Father, into thy hands," etc. John simply adds the climax, and leaves the Divine, inscrutable, mysterious fact in its awful grandeur. The world's debt was paid. The types and symbolism of the old covenant had been adequately fulfilled. The mighty work, undertaken by him who would realize the expectations of the oldest prophets and the unconscious prophecies of heathendom, was done. Every iota and tittle of the Law had been magnified. The reality of which the temple and the sabbath were shadows, the priesthood and the offerings innumerable were figures, had all been realized.Τετέλεσται! Consummatum est! From the ground of human nature, from the heart of the Man in whom all the wants, perils, sins, mysteries of the human race were gathered up, has gone the adequate admission of the righteous judgment of God against that nature in its present condition. Death itself becomes, not his shame, but his veritable glory. The sin of humanity is branded with an eternal curse, more deep than any previous manifestation of the Divine justice could have produced; and yet it loses its sting. God reconciles the world to himself by the death of his Son, by this curse thus falling upon his Only Begotten. The earthly judges are condemned by their Victim. The great and last enemy is itself wounded unto death. The Seed of the woman bruises the serpent's head when that Seed receives the bruise in its own heel. The Paschal Lamb is slain. The Lamb of God takes away the sin of the world. The prince of this world is east out. The reader must turn to the synoptic narrative for the other portents of the Crucifixion - the earthquake, the supernatural darkness, the rending of the temple veil, and the testimony of the Roman centurion. The silence of the Fourth Gospel concerning these events, on the supposition of its late orion, or on the hypothesis of the glorifying myth, or upon the suggestion that this evangelist was a theologizing mystic of the second century, who was merely fashioning the narrative to establish the doctrinal thesis of the Divine incarnation of the Logos, becomes entirely unintelligible. But the hypothesis that this eye-witness was supplementing other well-known narratives with particulars which came forcibly under his own observation, and made a deep impression upon his own mind, is suggested by every line. Dr. Westcott places "the seven words from the cross" in the following order: -

(a)Before the darkness -

(1) "Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do" (Luke 23:34).

(2) "Today shalt thou be with me in Paradise" (Luke 23:43). . . .

Parallel Commentaries ...

When
ὅτε(hote)
Adverb
Strong's 3753:When, at which time. From hos and te; at which too, i.e. When.

Jesus
Ἰησοῦς(Iēsous)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 2424:Of Hebrew origin; Jesus, the name of our Lord and two other Israelites.

had received
ἔλαβεν(elaben)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 2983:(a) I receive, get, (b) I take, lay hold of.

the
τὸ(to)
Article - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

sour wine,
ὄξος(oxos)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 3690:Vinegar, sour wine mixed with water, a common drink of Roman soldiers. From oxus; vinegar, i.e. Sour wine.

He said,
εἶπεν(eipen)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 2036:Answer, bid, bring word, command. A primary verb; to speak or say.

“It is finished.”
Τετέλεσται(Tetelestai)
Verb - Perfect Indicative Middle or Passive - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 5055:(a) I end, finish, (b) I fulfill, accomplish, (c) I pay. From telos; to end, i.e. Complete, execute, conclude, discharge.

And
καὶ(kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532:And, even, also, namely.

bowing
κλίνας(klinas)
Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 2827:A primary verb; to slant or slope, i.e. Incline or recline.

[His]
τὴν(tēn)
Article - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

head,
κεφαλὴν(kephalēn)
Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 2776:From the primary kapto; the head, literally or figuratively.

He yielded up
παρέδωκεν(paredōken)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 3860:From para and didomi; to surrender, i.e yield up, intrust, transmit.

[His]
τὸ(to)
Article - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

spirit.
πνεῦμα(pneuma)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 4151:Wind, breath, spirit.


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NT Gospels: John 19:30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar (Jhn Jo Jn)