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Isaiah 11:15
And the LORD shall utterly destroy the tongue of the Egyptian sea; and with his mighty wind shall he shake his hand over the river, and shall smite it in the seven streams, and makemen go over dryshod.

Isaiah 19:1-15
The burden of Egypt. Behold, the LORD rideth upon a swift cloud, and shall come into Egypt: and the idols of Egypt shall be moved at his presence, and the heart of Egypt shall melt in the midst of it…

Zechariah 10:10
I will bring them again also out of the land of Egypt, and gather them out of Assyria; and I will bring them into the land of Gilead and Lebanon; andplace shall not be found for them.

Edom.

Isaiah 34:1-17
Come near, ye nations, to hear; and hearken, ye people: let the earth hear, and all that is therein; the world, and all things that come forth of it…

Isaiah 63:1-6
Whois this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah? thisthat is glorious in his apparel, travelling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save…

Jeremiah 49:17
Also Edom shall be a desolation: every one that goeth by it shall be astonished, and shall hiss at all the plagues thereof.

for.

Psalm 137:7
Remember, O LORD, the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem; who said, Raseit, raseit, even to the foundation thereof.

Jeremiah 51:35
The violence done to me and to my fleshbe upon Babylon, shall the inhabitant of Zion say; and my blood upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, shall Jerusalem say.

Obadiah 1:10-16
Forthy violence against thy brother Jacob shame shall cover thee, and thou shalt be cut off for ever…

and Edom a desert wasteland
Edom, the descendants of Esau, often had a contentious relationship with Israel. The prophecy of Edom becoming a desert wasteland reflects its historical enmity and hostility towards Judah. Edom's judgment is a recurring theme in the Old Testament, as seen in Obadiah andIsaiah 34, where Edom is condemned for its violence and betrayal. The imagery of a desert wasteland underscores the complete and utter devastation that will befall Edom, highlighting the consequences of opposing God's chosen people.

because of the violence done to the people of Judah
This phrase identifies the reason for the judgment: the violence inflicted upon Judah. Historically, both Egypt and Edom were involved in conflicts with Judah, often exploiting its vulnerabilities. The violence against Judah is not merely physical but also represents a spiritual and moral transgression against God's covenant people. This echoes the biblical principle that God will avenge His people, as seen inDeuteronomy 32:35 andRomans 12:19, where God promises to repay those who harm His people.

in whose land they shed innocent blood
The shedding of innocent blood in Judah's land is a grave sin that calls for divine justice. This phrase highlights the severity of the offenses committed by Egypt and Edom, as the land of Judah is sacred, being the inheritance given by God to His people. The concept of innocent blood is significant in the Bible, as it cries out for justice, similar to the blood of Abel inGenesis 4:10. This underscores the moral and spiritual accountability of nations and individuals before God, as seen inProverbs 6:16-17, where shedding innocent blood is listed among the things the Lord hates.

“Egypt will become desolate” (Joel 3:19) paints a clear picture of a national judgment that God Himself will enact.

• Egypt had a long history of oppressing God’s people (Exodus 1–14). Joel’s prophecy echoesIsaiah 19:1–4 andEzekiel 29:9–12, both of which also predict that Egypt’s fertile land will lie waste.

• The verb “will become” points to a future reality, not mere symbolism.Jeremiah 46:19–26 affirms that Egypt’s might would collapse under divine wrath.

• By singling out Egypt, God reminds His people that no empire—no matter how ancient or seemingly invincible—can escape accountability (Isaiah 31:1).

“and Edom a desert wasteland” (Joel 3:19).

• Edom (Esau’s descendants) nursed a bitter, generational feud with Israel (Genesis 25:29–34;Obadiah 1:10–14).

•Obadiah 1:15–18 andEzekiel 35:3–4 both predict Edom’s total desolation, underscoring that its hostility toward Judah would boomerang back as divine retribution.

•Isaiah 34:5–13 describes Edom’s land turning into burning pitch and thorns—imagery Joel abbreviates as “desert wasteland.”Malachi 1:3–4 shows the prophecy’s ongoing relevance when Edom tried to rebuild and God said, “They may build, but I will demolish.”

• Together, Egypt (north-east) and Edom (south-east) frame Judah geographically. God’s judgment will sweep the compass.

The Lord spells out the reason: “because of the violence done to the people of Judah.”

• God never judges arbitrarily.Genesis 12:3 promises blessing to those who bless Abraham’s offspring and curse on those who curse them. Egypt and Edom chose the curse side.

•Joel 3:2 had just charged the nations with scattering God’s people and dividing His land.Amos 1:11–12 singles out Edom “because he pursued his brother with a sword.”

•Psalm 137:7 recalls Edom cheering Babylon’s destruction of Jerusalem: “Remember, O LORD, against the Edomites the day of Jerusalem, when they said, ‘Lay it bare!’ ”

•2 Chronicles 28:17 notes a specific Edomite invasion of Judah. History verifies the violence God condemns.

“in whose land they shed innocent blood.”

• God labels Judah’s victims “innocent.”Proverbs 6:16–17 lists hands that shed innocent blood among the seven things the LORD hates.

•Deuteronomy 19:10 warns that unavenged innocent blood “will be upon you.” Egypt and Edom spilled that blood inside Judah’s borders, making the crime even more egregious (Numbers 35:33).

•Obadiah 1:14 points to Edom ambushing fleeing Judeans: “You should not have stood at the crossroads to cut down their fugitives.”

•Jeremiah 19:4 echoes the indictment: “They have filled this place with the blood of innocents.” God’s justice therefore demands a proportionate response (Psalm 94:5–7).

Joel 3:19 assures Judah that God sees every act of oppression and will repay it in full. Egypt and Edom—historic symbols of external and familial hostility—will be reduced to barren ruins precisely because they brutalized God’s covenant people and spilled innocent blood on holy soil. The verse guarantees that divine justice is certain, territorial, and perfectly measured: those who persecute God’s people will face unmistakable, literal desolation, while Judah ultimately rests in the steadfast protection of the LORD.