For Sheol cannot thank You;In the Hebrew Bible, "Sheol" refers to the realm of the dead, a shadowy place where the deceased reside. It is often depicted as a place of silence and inactivity, contrasting with the vibrant life of the living who can actively worship and thank God. The concept of Sheol reflects the ancient Near Eastern understanding of the afterlife, which was less developed than later Jewish and Christian eschatology. The inability to thank God in Sheol underscores the importance of praising God while alive, as seen in
Psalm 6:5, which similarly states that in death there is no remembrance of God.
Death cannot praise You.
Death is personified here, emphasizing its power to silence the living. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, praising God was a central aspect of life, and death was seen as an interruption to this vital activity. This phrase highlights the finality and separation that death brings, a theme echoed inPsalm 115:17, which states that the dead do not praise the Lord. The emphasis on praising God during one's lifetime is a call to live a life of worship and gratitude.
Those who descend to the Pit cannot hope for Your faithfulness.
"The Pit" is another term for the grave or Sheol, reinforcing the idea of a place where the dead reside. In the biblical context, God's faithfulness is often associated with His covenant promises and acts of deliverance. The inability to hope for God's faithfulness in the Pit suggests a separation from the living relationship with God that is possible on earth. This reflects the belief that God's covenantal faithfulness is experienced in the land of the living, as seen inPsalm 27:13. The phrase serves as a reminder of the urgency to trust and rely on God's faithfulness during one's lifetime.
Persons / Places / Events
1.
HezekiahThe king of Judah who is the central figure in
Isaiah 38. Hezekiah was ill and prayed to God for healing, and God extended his life by 15 years.
2.
IsaiahThe prophet who delivered God's message to Hezekiah, including the promise of healing and the sign of the sun moving backward.
3.
SheolIn Hebrew thought, Sheol is the realm of the dead, a place where the dead reside, often depicted as a shadowy existence.
4.
DeathPersonified in this verse as an entity that cannot offer praise to God, highlighting the finality and silence associated with it.
5.
The PitAnother term for the grave or Sheol, emphasizing the separation from the living and the inability to participate in worship or hope.
Teaching Points
The Urgency of WorshipLife is the time to worship and thank God. We should not take for granted the opportunity to praise God while we are alive.
The Reality of DeathDeath is a separation from the earthly realm and its activities, including worship. This should motivate us to live purposefully and in gratitude.
Hope in God's FaithfulnessWhile the dead cannot hope for God's faithfulness, the living can. We should actively place our hope in God's promises and faithfulness.
The Gift of LifeLife is a precious gift from God, and we should use it to glorify Him. Hezekiah's extended life reminds us of God's sovereignty over life and death.
Eternal PerspectiveWhile
Isaiah 38:18 reflects an Old Testament view of death, Christians have the hope of eternal life through Christ, which transforms our understanding of death.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of Isaiah 38:18?
2.How does Isaiah 38:18 emphasize the importance of praising God while alive?
3.What does "Sheol cannot thank You" reveal about afterlife beliefs in Isaiah's time?
4.How can Isaiah 38:18 inspire daily gratitude and worship in our lives?
5.Compare Isaiah 38:18 with Psalm 115:17 on the theme of praising God.
6.How does understanding Isaiah 38:18 affect our urgency in sharing the Gospel?
7.What does Isaiah 38:18 reveal about the afterlife according to the Bible?
8.How does Isaiah 38:18 challenge the concept of praising God after death?
9.Why does Isaiah 38:18 emphasize Sheol's silence in praising God?
10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Isaiah 38?
11.What does 'The Gates of Hell Will Not Prevail' mean?
12.Will the covenant with death be annulled?
13.What does the Bible say about Death and Hades?
14.Proverbs 15:11: How do ancient concepts of Sheol and Abaddon align with modern historical or archaeological findings on the afterlife?What Does Isaiah 38:18 Mean
Sheol cannot thank YouHezekiah’s poem flows from relief after God added fifteen years to his life. By saying, “For Sheol cannot thank You,” he contrasts the living and the dead:
• Sheol is the realm of the departed. In that shadowy place there is no public, audible gratitude offered to God.Psalm 6:5 echoes, “For there is no mention of You in death; who can praise You from Sheol?”
• The statement is not a denial of life after death but a simple fact that thanksgiving is voiced on earth, not from the grave.Ecclesiastes 9:10 reminds us that “there is no work or planning or knowledge or wisdom in Sheol.”
• Hezekiah reasons that preserving his life allows continued testimony. LikePsalm 30:9 pleads, “Will the dust praise You? Will it proclaim Your faithfulness?” he wants more years to testify publicly to the Lord’s greatness.
Death cannot praise YouThe next line intensifies the thought: “Death cannot praise You.”
• Praise in Scripture is an active, vibrant response.Psalm 115:17 observes, “It is not the dead who praise the LORD, nor any who descend into silence.”
• Hezekiah is not claiming that souls are extinguished; rather, once body and tongue are stilled, earthly praise meetings cease.Psalm 88:10-12 asks, “Do You work wonders for the dead? … Is Your loving devotion declared in the grave?”
• The verse also underlines how precious every breathing moment is for honoring God. Paul carries the idea forward inPhilippians 1:20-21: living means fruitful labor and magnifying Christ, while death is gain—but only life lets us praise aloud before a watching world.
Those who descend to the Pit cannot hope for Your faithfulnessThe “Pit” pictures the grave itself. Hezekiah adds a third layer: when a person slips below ground, there is no further expectation of experiencing God’s covenant acts in this present age.
• Jonah used the same word when he cried, “You raised my life from the pit, O LORD my God!” (Jonah 2:6), grateful for deliverance that restored his hope.
• For Hezekiah, being spared from the Pit meant seeing God’s “faithfulness” (ḥesed) in real time—watching Passover celebrations, leading reforms, telling the next generation.Psalm 88:4-5 laments, “I am counted among those who go down to the Pit … You remember them no more,” highlighting that earthly opportunities cease at burial.
• Yet Scripture also hints at ultimate triumph beyond the grave.Psalm 16:10 promises, “You will not abandon my soul to Sheol,” a prophecy fulfilled in Christ’s resurrection, assuring believers that God’s faithfulness ultimately pierces even the Pit.
summaryIsaiah 38:18 voices a life-and-death contrast: once a person enters the grave, he can no longer lift public thanks, shout praise, or experience fresh displays of God’s covenant love in this world. Hezekiah, freshly healed, treasures extended years so he can keep doing those very things. The verse urges us to seize every heartbeat for gratitude, praise, and testimony, confident that God’s faithfulness will outlast the grave yet eager to honor Him while we live.
(18)
For the grave . . .--i.e., Sheol,or
Hades.We return to the king's thoughts of the dim shadow-world,
Death and Sheol(joined together, as in
Isaiah 28:15;
Psalm 6:5). In that region of dimness there are no psalms of thanksgiving, no loud hallelujahs. The thought of spiritual energies developed and intensified after death is essentially one which belongs to the "illuminated" immortality (
2Timothy 1:10), of Christian thought. (Comp.
Psalm 6:5;
Psalm 30:9;
Psalm 88:11-12;
Psalm 115:17;
Ecclesiastes 9:4-5;
Ecclesiastes 9:10). . . .
Verse 18.The grave cannot praise thee (cormpare the comment on ver. 11). It is avoiding the plain force of these passages to say that Hezekiah
only means that those who go to Hades in a state of condemnation cannot be expected there to praise God (Kay). He speaks broadly and generally of all: "The living, the living, shall praise thee;
Sheol cannot praise thee; Death cannot celebrate thee." Manifestly, though he believes in a future state, it is one in which there is either no energy at all, or at any rate no devotional energy. He may think, with Isaiah. that "the righteous man," when he is "taken away," will "enter into peace" (
Isaiah 57:1, 2); but absolute "peace" precludes energy (see Arist., 'Eth. Nit.,' 1. 10. § 2). Hezekiah shrinks from losing all his activities, including his sense of personal communion with God. He does not, perhaps, "look on the condition of the faithful departed as one of
comfortless gloom;" but he views it as one of deprivation, and is unwilling to enter into it. It was by the coming of Christ and the preaching of his gospel that "life and immortality" were first truly "brought to light" (
2 Timothy 1:10).
Parallel Commentaries ...
Hebrew
Forכִּ֣י(kî)Conjunction
Strong's 3588:A relative conjunctionSheolשְׁא֛וֹל(šə·’ō·wl)Noun - common singular
Strong's 7585:Underworld (place to which people descend at death)cannotלֹ֥א(lō)Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808:Not, nothank You;תּוֹדֶ֖ךָּ(tō·w·ḏe·kā)Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person feminine singular | second person masculine singular
Strong's 3034:To throw, at, away, to revere, worship, to bemoandeathמָ֣וֶת(mā·weṯ)Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4194:Death, the dead, their place, state, pestilence, ruincannot praise You.יְהַלְלֶ֑ךָּ(yə·hal·le·kā)Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | second person masculine singular
Strong's 1984:To shineThose who go downיֽוֹרְדֵי־(yō·wr·ḏê-)Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct
Strong's 3381:To come or go down, descendto the Pitב֖וֹר(ḇō·wr)Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 953:A pit, cistern, wellcannotלֹֽא־(lō-)Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808:Not, nohopeיְשַׂבְּר֥וּ(yə·śab·bə·rū)Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 7663:To scrutinize, to expectforאֶל־(’el-)Preposition
Strong's 413:Near, with, among, toYour faithfulness.אֲמִתֶּֽךָ׃(’ă·mit·te·ḵā)Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singular
Strong's 571:Stability, certainty, truth, trustworthiness
Links
Isaiah 38:18 NIVIsaiah 38:18 NLTIsaiah 38:18 ESVIsaiah 38:18 NASBIsaiah 38:18 KJV
Isaiah 38:18 BibleApps.comIsaiah 38:18 Biblia ParalelaIsaiah 38:18 Chinese BibleIsaiah 38:18 French BibleIsaiah 38:18 Catholic Bible
OT Prophets: Isaiah 38:18 For Sheol can't praise you (Isa Isi Is)