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Isaiah 7:2
And it was told the house of David, saying, Syria is confederate with Ephraim. And his heart was moved, and the heart of his people, as the trees of the wood are moved with the wind.

Isaiah 28:14,15,17-22
Wherefore hear the word of the LORD, ye scornful men, that rule this people whichis in Jerusalem…

Isaiah 29:13
Wherefore the Lord said, Forasmuch as this people draw nearme with their mouth, and with their lips do honour me, but have removed their heart far from me, and their fear toward me is taught by the precept of men:

the hypocrites

Isaiah 9:17
Therefore the Lord shall have no joy in their young men, neither shall have mercy on their fatherless and widows: for every oneis an hypocrite and an evildoer, and every mouth speaketh folly. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his handis stretched out still.

Isaiah 10:6
I will send him against an hypocritical nation, and against the people of my wrath will I give him a charge, to take the spoil, and to take the prey, and to tread them down like the mire of the streets.

Matthew 22:12
And he saith unto him, Friend, how camest thou in hither not having a wedding garment? And he was speechless.

who among us shall dwell with the

Isaiah 5:24
Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff,so their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust: because they have cast away the law of the LORD of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

Isaiah 29:6
Thou shalt be visited of the LORD of hosts with thunder, and with earthquake, and great noise, with storm and tempest, and the flame of devouring fire.

Isaiah 30:27-33
Behold, the name of the LORD cometh from far, burningwith his anger, and the burdenthereof is heavy: his lips are full of indignation, and his tongue as a devouring fire: …

everlasting

Isaiah 34:9
And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch.

Isaiah 66:24
And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh.

Matthew 18:8
Wherefore if thy hand or thy foot offend thee, cut them off, and castthem from thee: it is better for thee to enter into life halt or maimed, rather than having two hands or two feet to be cast into everlasting fire.

trembling grips the ungodly:
The ungodly, those who live in opposition to God's ways, experience trembling, indicating a deep, visceral reaction to the awareness of divine judgment. This trembling is not just physical but also spiritual, as they recognize their vulnerability before a holy God. The imagery of trembling is used throughout scripture to describe the reaction of those who encounter God's power and holiness, such as inPsalm 99:1, where the earth trembles at God's presence.

“Who of us can dwell with a consuming fire?
This rhetorical question underscores the recognition of God's holiness as a consuming fire, a metaphor used to describe God's purifying and judgmental nature (Deuteronomy 4:24,Hebrews 12:29). The question reflects the understanding that no one can stand before God in their sinfulness. The consuming fire represents God's ability to purify and destroy sin, emphasizing the need for repentance and holiness to dwell in His presence.

Who of us can dwell with everlasting flames?”
The everlasting flames symbolize the eternal nature of God's judgment and holiness. This phrase suggests the perpetual state of God's righteous judgment against sin. It points to the eternal consequences of sin and the need for redemption. In a broader biblical context, this can be connected to the concept of eternal separation from God for the unrepentant, as seen in passages likeMatthew 25:41, where eternal fire is prepared for the devil and his angels. The question implies the necessity of divine intervention for anyone to stand in God's presence, foreshadowing the need for a savior, fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who enables believers to dwell with God through His atoning sacrifice.

Isaiah pictures men and women who sit inside the walls of Jerusalem yet persist in rebellion. When the LORD rises to judge, panic overwhelms them, for they suddenly realize that covenant membership cannot shelter unrepentant hearts.

•1 Peter 4:17 reminds us that “it is time for judgment to begin with the household of God,” andHebrews 10:26-27 warns of “a fearful expectation of judgment and of raging fire that will consume the enemies of God.”

• Like Adam hiding among the trees (Genesis 3:10) and Israel quaking at Sinai (Exodus 20:18-19), these sinners discover that God’s nearness exposes, not excuses, their sin.

• The fear is rational. The same God who toppled Sennacherib’s army (Isaiah 37:36) now confronts the hypocrisy inside the city walls.

The word “trembling” intensifies the scene. Not a passing uneasiness but a paralyzing dread seizes those Isaiah calls “the ungodly.”

•Psalm 73:19 pictures sudden ruin—“How suddenly they are destroyed, completely swept away by terrors!”—andRevelation 6:15-17 shows kings, commanders, and slaves alike crying for rocks to hide them “from the wrath of the Lamb.”

•James 2:19 notes that even demons “believe—and shudder.” When sinners recognize that their Judge is holy, trembling is the only honest response.

• Yet this shaking can become grace, for godly fear may drive a person to repentance instead of despair (Isaiah 55:6-7).

Here the trembling sinners voice two piercing questions. The first faces God’s nature: “Our God is a consuming fire” (Deuteronomy 4:24;Hebrews 12:29).

• Throughout Scripture, fire signals the Lord’s holy presence—flaming sword at Eden’s gate (Genesis 3:24), blazing bush (Exodus 3:2), and Mount Sinai wrapped in flames (Exodus 24:17).

• The question echoesPsalm 15:1 andPsalm 24:3-4: “Who may ascend the hill of the LORD?” The implied answer is sobering: only those with “clean hands and a pure heart.”

• Isaiah himself once cried, “Woe to me… I am a man of unclean lips” (Isaiah 6:5). Unless God provides cleansing, no one can live where holy fire burns.

The second question pushes the thought further. The flames are not momentary; they are everlasting.

•Malachi 3:2 asks, “Who can endure the day of His coming?”Matthew 3:12 describes Messiah gathering wheat “into the barn, but He will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire.”

•Revelation 20:14-15 speaks of the lake of fire prepared for the devil and all who refuse the Lamb. The fire’s eternity underscores the seriousness of sin and the certainty of final judgment.

• Yet for the redeemed, fire can purify rather than destroy (1 Corinthians 3:13). Isaiah goes on to describe the one who “walks righteously” and “shuts his eyes from seeing evil” as the person who will dwell on high (Isaiah 33:15-16). Ultimately, only those clothed in the righteousness of the Messiah (Isaiah 53:5-6) can stand where the flames never die down.

Isaiah 33:14 confronts complacent sinners inside God’s own city with the terrifying reality of His holiness. When the LORD draws near, unrepentant hearts are seized by fear, for He is a consuming, everlasting fire. The questions raised—who can dwell with such a God?—find their answer in the subsequent verses and in the wider testimony of Scripture: only those cleansed, covered, and transformed by the gracious work of the Holy One Himself.