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◄ Isaiah 2:4►

New International Version
He will judge between the nations and will settle disputes for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not take up sword against nation, nor will they train for war anymore.

New Living Translation
The LORD will mediate between nations and will settle international disputes. They will hammer their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will no longer fight against nation, nor train for war anymore.

English Standard Version
He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide disputes for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore.

Berean Standard Bible
Then He will judge between the nations and arbitrate for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation, nor train anymore for war.

King James Bible
And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

New King James Version
He shall judge between the nations, And rebuke many people; They shall beat their swords into plowshares, And their spears into pruning hooks; Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, Neither shall they learn war anymore.

New American Standard Bible
And He will judge between the nations, And will mediate for many peoples; And they will beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning knives. Nation will not lift up a sword against nation, And never again will they learn war.

NASB 1995
And He will judge between the nations, And will render decisions for many peoples; And they will hammer their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not lift up sword against nation, And never again will they learn war.

NASB 1977
And He will judge between the nations, And will render decisions for many peoples; And they will hammer their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not lift up sword against nation, And never again will they learn war.

Legacy Standard Bible
And He will judge between the nations, And will render decisions for many peoples; And they will hammer their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not lift up sword against nation, And never again will they learn war.

Amplified Bible
And He will judge between the nations, And will mediate [disputes] for many peoples; And they will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not lift up the sword against nation, And never again will they learn war.

Christian Standard Bible
He will settle disputes among the nations and provide arbitration for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plows and their spears into pruning knives. Nation will not take up the sword against nation, and they will never again train for war.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
He will settle disputes among the nations and provide arbitration for many peoples. They will turn their swords into plows and their spears into pruning knives. Nations will not take up the sword against other nations, and they will never again train for war.

American Standard Version
And he will judge between the nations, and will decide concerning many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning-hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

Contemporary English Version
He will settle arguments between nations. They will pound their swords and their spears into rakes and shovels; they will never make war or attack one another.

English Revised Version
And he shall judge between the nations, and shall reprove many peoples: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Then he will judge disputes between nations and settle arguments between many people. They will hammer their swords into plowblades and their spears into pruning shears. Nations will never fight against each other, and they will never train for war again.

Good News Translation
He will settle disputes among great nations. They will hammer their swords into plows and their spears into pruning knives. Nations will never again go to war, never prepare for battle again.

International Standard Version
He will judge between the nations, and will render verdicts for the benefit of many. "They will beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nations will not raise swords against nations, and they will not learn warfare anymore.

NET Bible
He will judge disputes between nations; he will settle cases for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nations will not take up the sword against other nations, and they will no longer train for war.

New Heart English Bible
He will judge between the nations, and will decide concerning many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

Webster's Bible Translation
And he will judge among the nations, and will rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plow-shares, and their spears into pruning-hooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

Majority Text Translations

Majority Standard Bible
Then He will judge between the nations and arbitrate for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation, nor train anymore for war.

World English Bible
He will judge between the nations, and will decide concerning many peoples. They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

Literal Translations

Literal Standard Version
And He has judged between the nations, "" And has given a decision to many peoples, "" And they have beat their swords to plowshares, "" And their spears to pruning-hooks, "" Nation does not lift up sword to nation, "" Nor do they learn anymore—war.

Young's Literal Translation
And He hath judged between the nations, And hath given a decision to many peoples, And they have beat their swords to ploughshares, And their spears to pruning-hooks, Nation doth not lift up sword unto nation, Nor do they learn any more -- war.

Smith's Literal Translation
And he judged between the nations, and he will decide for many peoples: and they shall beat down their swords to plough-shares and their spears to pruning-hooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, and they shall no more learn war.

Catholic Translations

Douay-Rheims Bible
And he shall judge the Gentiles, and rebuke many people: and they shall turn their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into sickles: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they be exercised any more to war.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And he will judge the nations, and he will rebuke many peoples. And they shall forge their swords into plowshares, and their spears into sickles. Nation will not lift up sword against nation, neither will they continue to train for battle.

New American Bible
He shall judge between the nations, and set terms for many peoples. They shall beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks; One nation shall not raise the sword against another, nor shall they train for war again.

New Revised Standard Version
He shall judge between the nations, and shall arbitrate for many peoples; they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

Translations from Aramaic

Lamsa Bible
And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many peoples who are far off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into sickles: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And he shall judge among the nations and he shall rebuke the many nations who are distant, and they shall beat their swords to the blades of a plow, and their spears to sickles, and nation shall not take up the sword against nation, and they shall learn war no more

OT Translations

JPS Tanakh 1917
And He shall judge between the nations, And shall decide for many peoples; And they shall beat their swords into plowshares, And their spears into pruninghooks; Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, Neither shall they learn war any more.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plow-shares, and their spears into sickles: and nation shall not take up sword against nation, neither shall they learn to war any more.

Additional Translations ...

Audio Bible

Context

The Mountain of the House of the LORD
…3And many peoples will come and say: “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob. He will teach us His ways so that we may walk in His paths.” For the law will go forth from Zion, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.4Then He will judge between the nations and arbitrate for many peoples.They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks.Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation,nor train anymore for war.

Berean Standard Bible ·Download

Cross References

Micah 4:3
Then He will judge between many peoples and arbitrate for strong nations far and wide. Then they will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation, nor will they train anymore for war.

Joel 3:10
Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning hooks into spears. Let the weak say, ‘I am strong!’

Psalm 72:7
May the righteous flourish in his days and prosperity abound until the moon is no more.

Hosea 2:18
On that day I will make a covenant for them with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air and the creatures that crawl on the ground. And I will abolish bow and sword and battle in the land, and will make them lie down in safety.

Zechariah 9:10
And I will cut off the chariot from Ephraim and the horse from Jerusalem, and the bow of war will be broken. Then He will proclaim peace to the nations. His dominion will extend from sea to sea, and from the Euphrates to the ends of the earth.

Matthew 5:9
Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God.

Luke 2:14
“Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to men on whom His favor rests!”

Romans 14:17
For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit.

Ephesians 2:14-17
For He Himself is our peace, who has made the two one and has torn down the dividing wall of hostility / by abolishing in His flesh the law of commandments and decrees. He did this to create in Himself one new man out of the two, thus making peace / and reconciling both of them to God in one body through the cross, by which He put to death their hostility. ...

James 3:18
Peacemakers who sow in peace reap the fruit of righteousness.

Revelation 21:4
‘He will wipe away every tear from their eyes,’ and there will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the former things have passed away.”

Psalm 46:9
He makes wars to cease throughout the earth; He breaks the bow and shatters the spear; He burns the shields in the fire.

Jeremiah 31:34
No longer will each man teach his neighbor or his brother, saying, ‘Know the LORD,’ because they will all know Me, from the least of them to the greatest, declares the LORD. For I will forgive their iniquities and will remember their sins no more.”

Ezekiel 37:26
And I will make a covenant of peace with them; it will be an everlasting covenant. I will establish them and multiply them, and I will set My sanctuary among them forever.

Zephaniah 3:9
For then I will restore pure lips to the peoples, that all may call upon the name of the LORD and serve Him shoulder to shoulder.

Treasury of Scripture

And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.

and he

Isaiah 11:3,4
And shall make him of quick understanding in the fear of the LORD: and he shall not judge after the sight of his eyes, neither reprove after the hearing of his ears: …

1 Samuel 2:10
The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed.

Psalm 82:8
Arise, O God, judge the earth: for thou shalt inherit all nations.

and they

Isaiah 9:7
Of the increase ofhis government and peacethere shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.

Isaiah 11:6-9
The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them…

Psalm 46:9
He maketh wars to cease unto the end of the earth; he breaketh the bow, and cutteth the spear in sunder; he burneth the chariot in the fire.

pruning-hooks.

Isaiah 60:17,18
For brass I will bring gold, and for iron I will bring silver, and for wood brass, and for stones iron: I will also make thy officers peace, and thine exactors righteousness…

Psalm 72:3-7
The mountains shall bring peace to the people, and the little hills, by righteousness…

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Beat Decide Decisions Hooks Judge Lift Nation Nations Peoples Plowshares Plow-Shares Pruning Pruninghooks Rebuke Render Spears Sword Swords War

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Isaiah 2

1.Isaiah prophesies the coming of Christ's kingdom
6.Wickedness is the cause of God's forsaking
10.He exhorts to fear, because of the powerful effects of God's majesty

Study Bible

Book ◦ Chapter

Then He will judge between the nations and arbitrate for many peoples.
This phrase speaks to the role of God as the ultimate judge and peacemaker among the nations. In the context of Isaiah, this prophecy points to a future time of peace and divine justice. The imagery of God judging and arbitrating suggests a time when disputes will be settled by divine wisdom rather than human conflict. This reflects the messianic hope found throughout the Old Testament, where the coming of the Messiah would bring about a reign of peace and justice. The concept of God as judge is also seen inPsalm 96:10 andJoel 3:12, where God is depicted as ruling with fairness and equity.

They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks.
This imagery symbolizes a transformation from war to peace, where instruments of violence are repurposed for agriculture and productivity. The transformation of swords and spears into tools for farming indicates a shift from destruction to creation, from conflict to cultivation. This phrase is echoed inMicah 4:3, reinforcing the prophetic vision of a future where peace prevails. The agricultural tools mentioned, plowshares and pruning hooks, were common in ancient agrarian societies, highlighting the return to a peaceful and productive life. This transformation is often seen as a type of the peace that Christ brings, as He is the Prince of Peace (Isaiah 9:6).

Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation, nor train anymore for war.
This phrase envisions a time when warfare will cease, and nations will no longer engage in military conflict. The cessation of war training suggests a complete and lasting peace, a theme that resonates with the eschatological hope found inRevelation 21:4, where God promises to wipe away every tear and eliminate death and pain. The historical context of Isaiah includes frequent wars and conflicts among nations, making this prophecy of peace particularly poignant. The promise of no more war training indicates a future where trust and harmony replace fear and hostility, aligning with the New Testament teachings of peace and reconciliation through Christ (Ephesians 2:14-17).

Persons / Places / Events

1.He (The Lord)
Refers to God, who will act as the ultimate judge and peacemaker among the nations.

2.Nations
Represents the various peoples and countries of the world that will be subject to God's judgment and peace.

3.Swords into Plowshares
Symbolizes the transformation from instruments of war to tools of agriculture, indicating a shift from conflict to peace.

4.Spears into Pruning Hooks
Similar to swords into plowshares, this represents the conversion of weapons into tools for cultivation, further emphasizing peace.

5.No More War
A prophetic vision of a future time when nations will no longer engage in warfare or military training.

Teaching Points

God as the Ultimate Judge
Trust in God's sovereignty and justice, knowing that He will ultimately bring peace and settle disputes.

Transformation from Conflict to Peace
Embrace the call to be peacemakers in our own lives, turning away from conflict and towards reconciliation.

Hope for a Peaceful Future
Hold onto the hope of a future where God's peace reigns, motivating us to work towards peace in our communities today.

Active Role in God's Plan
Recognize our role in God's plan for peace by promoting understanding and harmony in our interactions.

Spiritual Warfare
Understand that while physical warfare will cease, spiritual warfare continues, and we must be equipped with the armor of God.

Bible Study Questions and Answers

1.What is the meaning of Isaiah 2:4?

2.How can we promote peace as described in Isaiah 2:4 in our communities?

3.What does "swords into plowshares" symbolize in Isaiah 2:4?

4.How does Isaiah 2:4 connect with Jesus' teachings on peace?

5.In what ways can we apply Isaiah 2:4 to modern-day conflicts?

6.How does Isaiah 2:4 reflect God's ultimate plan for humanity?

7.How does Isaiah 2:4 envision a future of peace among nations?

8.What historical context influenced the prophecy in Isaiah 2:4?

9.How does Isaiah 2:4 align with Christian teachings on war and peace?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Isaiah 2?

11.Isaiah 2:4 predicts nations will cease to wage war; why has this peace not materialized across the globe?

12.Is global peace achievable?

13.What defines the Pro-Palestinian movement?

14.Does the psalm’s portrayal of God’s promise to conquer nations conflict with other Bible passages teaching peace and love (Psalm 108:9–10)?

What Does Isaiah 2:4 Mean

He will judge between the nations and arbitrate for many peoples

• “Then He will judge between the nations and arbitrate for many peoples.” (Isaiah 2:4a)

• The “He” is the coming Messiah, the Lord Jesus, who will reign in literal, visible authority (Isaiah 9:6–7;Revelation 20:4).

• His judgment is perfect—neither biased nor partial (Psalm 96:13;Isaiah 11:3–4).

• International disputes will be settled by His word, not by negotiations or war (Micah 4:1–3).

• This fulfills God’s promise to give His Son the nations as an inheritance and rule them with righteousness (Psalm 2:8–9).

They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks

• Under Messiah’s rule, tools of destruction become tools of cultivation—an outward sign of inward peace (Ezekiel 39:9;Hosea 2:18).

• Agriculture replaces warfare; resources are redirected from killing to sustaining life (Isaiah 65:21–23).

• The scene reverses humanity’s sinful trend of forging plowshares into swords (Joel 3:10), showing genuine, lasting transformation.

• This mirrors Edenic harmony, previewing the restored earth in the Millennial Kingdom (Romans 8:19–22).

Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation, nor train anymore for war

• “Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation, nor train anymore for war.” (Isaiah 2:4c)

• The universal cessation of combat comes from Messiah’s sovereign peace, not fragile human treaties (Psalm 46:9;Zechariah 9:10).

• Military academies, arms races, and defense budgets become obsolete—war itself is unthinkable.

• This peace extends to creation: even the animal kingdom loses its violence (Isaiah 11:6–9).

• It previews the ultimate, eternal peace of the new heaven and new earth where “death shall be no more” (Revelation 21:4).

summary

•Isaiah 2:4 promises a literal future in which Jesus judges every nation with perfect justice, ending human conflict.

• Because He settles disputes, weapons are reshaped into farming tools, reflecting a world committed to life, not death.

• The culture of war disappears; global peace flows from the Messiah’s throne and spreads to all creation.

• The verse assures believers that God’s kingdom of righteousness and peace is certain, encouraging us to live even now as people of that coming kingdom.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(4)He shall judge among the nations.--For "rebuke" readdecideorarbitrate.The ideal Divine King is to be all, and more than all, that Solomon had been (1Kings 10:24). In reliance on His wisdom and equity, nations would refer their disputes to His decision instead of the arbitrament of war. Here again we have a partial fulfilment, it may be hoped, a "springing and germinant accomplishment," in the history of Christendom. So far as the teaching of Christ has influenced international polity and law, He has been the supreme arbitrator of their disputes.

And they shall beat their swords into plowshares.--The words invert the picture of an earlier prophet, who spoke of a time of war (Joel 3:10). Isaiah must have known that prediction, and yet he proclaims (followingHosea 2:18) that peace, not war, is the ideal goal towards which the order of the Divine government is tending. (Comp.Zechariah 9:10;Luke 2:14.) . . .

Pulpit Commentary

Verse 4. -He shall judge among the nations. This is clearly not yet fulfilled. How God shall ultimately "judge among the nations," or rather "between nation and nation," is a mystery which only the future can reveal. It has been supposed that "by his providential retributions he will decide those international questions out of which war ordinarily springs" (Kay). But it would seem to be at least as likely that he will bring the nations to such a pitch of wisdom and moderation, that they will voluntarily discard war, and agree to decide any disputes that arise by means of arbiters. The arbiter would then, like other judges, represent God, and "by him decree justice" (Proverbs 8:15).Shall rebuke. Rosenmüller translates, "Arbiter pacts sit;" Cheyne, "shall arbitrate." Here again, as in ver. 3, "people" should be "peoples."They shall beat, etc. On a sudden call to war, nations "beat their ploughshares into swords, and their pruning-hooks into spears" (Joel 3:10). They will do the reverse "in the latter days," when God shall have "made wars to cease" (Psalm 46:9) and "speak peace unto the nations" (Zechariah 9:10).

Parallel Commentaries ...

Hebrew

Then He will judge
וְשָׁפַט֙(wə·šā·p̄aṭ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 8199:To judge, pronounce sentence, to vindicate, punish, to govern, to litigate

between
בֵּ֣ין(bên)
Preposition
Strong's 996:An interval, space between

the nations
הַגּוֹיִ֔ם(hag·gō·w·yim)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 1471:A foreign nation, a Gentile, a troop of animals, a flight of locusts

and arbitrate
וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ(wə·hō·w·ḵî·aḥ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3198:To be right, reciprocal, to argue, to decide, justify, convict

for many
רַבִּ֑ים(rab·bîm)
Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 7227:Much, many, great

peoples.
לְעַמִּ֣ים(lə·‘am·mîm)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 5971:A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock

They will beat
וְכִתְּת֨וּ(wə·ḵit·tə·ṯū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 3807:To bruise, violently strike

their swords
חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם(ḥar·ḇō·w·ṯām)
Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 2719:Drought, a cutting instrument, as a, knife, sword

into plowshares
לְאִתִּ֗ים(lə·’it·tîm)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 855:A hoe, other digging implement

and their spears
וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙(wa·ḥă·nî·ṯō·w·ṯê·hem)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 2595:A lance

into pruning hooks.
לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת(lə·maz·mê·rō·wṯ)
Preposition-l | Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 4211:A pruning knife

Nation
ג֤וֹי(ḡō·w)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1471:A foreign nation, a Gentile, a troop of animals, a flight of locusts

will no longer
לֹא־(lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808:Not, no

take up
יִשָּׂ֨א(yiś·śā)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5375:To lift, carry, take

the sword
חֶ֔רֶב(ḥe·reḇ)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 2719:Drought, a cutting instrument, as a, knife, sword

against
אֶל־(’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413:Near, with, among, to

nation,
גּוֹי֙(gō·w)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1471:A foreign nation, a Gentile, a troop of animals, a flight of locusts

nor
וְלֹא־(wə·lō-)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808:Not, no

train
יִלְמְד֥וּ(yil·mə·ḏū)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 3925:To exercise in, learn

anymore
ע֖וֹד(‘ō·wḏ)
Adverb
Strong's 5750:Iteration, continuance, again, repeatedly, still, more

for war.
מִלְחָמָֽה׃(mil·ḥā·māh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 4421:A battle, war

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OT Prophets: Isaiah 2:4 He will judge between the nations (Isa Isi Is)