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◄ Isaiah 19:4►

New International Version
I will hand the Egyptians over to the power of a cruel master, and a fierce king will rule over them,” declares the Lord, the LORD Almighty.

New Living Translation
I will hand Egypt over to a hard, cruel master. A fierce king will rule them,” says the Lord, the LORD of Heaven’s Armies.

English Standard Version
and I will give over the Egyptians into the hand of a hard master, and a fierce king will rule over them, declares the Lord GOD of hosts.

Berean Standard Bible
I will deliver the Egyptians into the hands of a harsh master, and a fierce king will rule over them,” declares the Lord GOD of Hosts.

King James Bible
And the Egyptians will I give over into the hand of a cruel lord; and a fierce king shall rule over them, saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

New King James Version
And the Egyptians I will give Into the hand of a cruel master, And a fierce king will rule over them,” Says the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

New American Standard Bible
“Furthermore, I will hand the Egyptians over to a cruel master, And a mighty king will rule over them,” declares the Lord GOD of armies.

NASB 1995
“Moreover, I will deliver the Egyptians into the hand of a cruel master, And a mighty king will rule over them,” declares the Lord GOD of hosts.

NASB 1977
“Moreover, I will deliver the Egyptians into the hand of a cruel master, And a mighty king will rule over them,” declares the Lord GOD of hosts.

Legacy Standard Bible
Moreover, I will deliver the Egyptians into the hand of a cruel master, And a strong king will rule over them,” declares the Lord, Yahweh of hosts.

Amplified Bible
“And I will hand over the Egyptians to a hardand cruel master, And a mighty king will rule over them,” declares the Lord GOD of hosts.

Christian Standard Bible
I will hand over Egypt to harsh masters, and a strong king will rule it. This is the declaration of the Lord GOD of Armies.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I will deliver Egypt into the hands of harsh masters, and a strong king will rule it. This is the declaration of the Lord GOD of Hosts.

American Standard Version
And I will give over the Egyptians into the hand of a cruel lord; and a fierce king shall rule over them, saith the Lord, Jehovah of hosts.

Contemporary English Version
I will put the Egyptians under the power of a cruel, heartless king. I, the LORD All-Powerful, have promised this."

English Revised Version
And I will give over the Egyptians into the hand of a cruel lord; and a fierce king shall rule over them, saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I will hand over the Egyptians to a harsh master. A strong king will rule them," declares the Almighty LORD of Armies.

Good News Translation
I will hand the Egyptians over to a tyrant, to a cruel king who will rule them. I, the LORD Almighty, have spoken."

International Standard Version
I will hand the Egyptians over to the power of a cruel master, and a fierce king will rule over them," declares the Lord GOD of the Heavenly Armies.

NET Bible
I will hand Egypt over to a harsh master; a powerful king will rule over them," says the sovereign master, the LORD who commands armies.

New Heart English Bible
I will give over the Egyptians into the hand of a cruel lord. A fierce king will rule over them," says the LORD of hosts.

Webster's Bible Translation
And the Egyptians will I give over into the hand of a cruel lord; and a fierce king shall rule over them, saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

Majority Text Translations

Majority Standard Bible
I will deliver the Egyptians into the hands of a harsh master, and a fierce king will rule over them,” declares the Lord GOD of Hosts.

World English Bible
I will give over the Egyptians into the hand of a cruel lord. A fierce king will rule over them,” says the Lord, Yahweh of Armies.

Literal Translations

Literal Standard Version
And I have delivered the Egyptians "" Into the hand of a hard lord, "" And a strong king rules over them, "" A declaration of the Lord, YHWH of Hosts.

Young's Literal Translation
And I have delivered the Egyptians Into the hand of a hard lord, And a strong king doth rule over them, An affirmation of the Lord, Jehovah of Hosts.

Smith's Literal Translation
And I shut up Egypt into the hand of hard lords, and a strong king shall rule over them, says the Lord Jehovah of armies.

Catholic Translations

Douay-Rheims Bible
And I will deliver Egypt into the hand of cruel masters, and a strong king shall rule over them, saith the Lord the God of hosts.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And I will deliver Egypt into the hand of cruel masters, and a strong king will dominate them, says the Lord, the God of hosts.

New American Bible
I will deliver Egypt into the power of a cruel master, A harsh king who shall rule over them— oracle of the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

New Revised Standard Version
I will deliver the Egyptians into the hand of a hard master; a fierce king will rule over them, says the Sovereign, the LORD of hosts.

Translations from Aramaic

Lamsa Bible
And I will deliver the Egyptians into the hands of the cruel Medes; and a fierce king shall rule over them, says the LORD of hosts.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And I shall deliver the Egyptians into the hands of hard Masters, and strong Kings will be authorized over them, says LORD JEHOVAH of Hosts

OT Translations

JPS Tanakh 1917
And I will give over the Egyptians into the hand of a cruel lord; And a fierce king shall rule over them, Saith the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And I will deliver Egypt into the hands of men, of cruel lords; and cruel kings shall rule over them: thus saith the Lord of hosts.

Additional Translations ...

Audio Bible

Context

An Oracle Concerning Egypt
…3Then the spirit of the Egyptians will be emptied out from among them, and I will frustrate their plans, so that they will resort to idols and spirits of the dead, to mediums and spiritists.4I will deliver the Egyptians into the hands of harsh masters,and a fierce king will rule over them,”declares the Lord GOD of Hosts.5The waters of the Nile will dry up, and the riverbed will be parched and empty.…

Berean Standard Bible ·Download

Cross References

Exodus 1:14
and made their lives bitter with hard labor in brick and mortar, and with all kinds of work in the fields. Every service they imposed was harsh.

Judges 2:14
Then the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He delivered them into the hands of those who plundered them. He sold them into the hands of their enemies all around, whom they were no longer able to resist.

2 Kings 17:20
So the LORD rejected all the descendants of Israel. He afflicted them and delivered them into the hands of plunderers, until He had banished them from His presence.

2 Chronicles 12:8
Nevertheless, they will become his servants, so that they may learn the difference between serving Me and serving the kings of other lands.”

Psalm 106:41
He delivered them into the hand of the nations, and those who hated them ruled over them.

Jeremiah 50:33
This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “The sons of Israel are oppressed, and the sons of Judah as well. All their captors hold them fast, refusing to release them.

Ezekiel 29:19
Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: I will give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, who will carry off its wealth, seize its spoil, and remove its plunder. This will be the wages for his army.

Ezekiel 30:12
I will make the streams dry up and sell the land to the wicked. By the hands of foreigners I will bring desolation upon the land and everything in it. I, the LORD, have spoken.

Daniel 11:36
Then the king will do as he pleases and will exalt and magnify himself above every god, and he will speak monstrous things against the God of gods. He will be successful until the time of wrath is completed, for what has been decreed must be accomplished.

Hosea 11:5
Will they not return to the land of Egypt and be ruled by Assyria because they refused to repent?

Amos 5:27
Therefore I will send you into exile beyond Damascus,” says the LORD, whose name is the God of Hosts.

Matthew 18:34
In anger his master turned him over to the jailers to be tortured, until he should repay all that he owed.

Luke 21:24
They will fall by the edge of the sword and be led captive into all the nations. And Jerusalem will be trodden down by the Gentiles, until the times of the Gentiles are fulfilled.

John 19:11
Jesus answered, “You would have no authority over Me if it were not given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed Me over to you is guilty of greater sin.”

Acts 7:6
God told him that his descendants would be foreigners in a strange land, and that they would be enslaved and mistreated four hundred years.

Treasury of Scripture

And the Egyptians will I give over into the hand of a cruel lord; and a fierce king shall rule over them, said the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

give over.

1 Samuel 23:7
And it was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. And Saul said, God hath delivered him into mine hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that hath gates and bars.

Psalm 31:8
And hast not shut me up into the hand of the enemy: thou hast set my feet in a large room.

a cruel lord.

Isaiah 19:2
And I will set the Egyptians against the Egyptians: and they shall fight every one against his brother, and every one against his neighbour; city against city,and kingdom against kingdom.

Isaiah 20:4
So shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians prisoners, and the Ethiopians captives, young and old, naked and barefoot, even withtheir buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt.

Jeremiah 46:26
And I will deliver them into the hand of those that seek their lives, and into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, and into the hand of his servants: and afterward it shall be inhabited, as in the days of old, saith the LORD.

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Affirmation Armies Cruel Declares Deliver Delivered Egyptians Fierce Hand Hard Hosts Master Mighty Moreover Power Rule Ruler Strong

Isaiah 19

1.The confusion of Egypt
11.The foolishness of their princes
18.The calling of Egypt into the church
23.The covenant of Egypt, Assyria, and Israel

Study Bible

Book ◦ Chapter

I will deliver the Egyptians into the hands of a harsh master
This phrase indicates a divine judgment upon Egypt, suggesting that God is actively orchestrating the events leading to their subjugation. Historically, Egypt was a powerful nation, often seen as a symbol of worldly strength and idolatry. The "harsh master" could refer to a foreign ruler or oppressive regime that would dominate Egypt. This aligns with the biblical theme of God using foreign nations to execute judgment, as seen in the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities of Israel. The phrase underscores God's sovereignty over nations, emphasizing that He can raise and depose rulers according to His will.

and a fierce king will rule over them
The "fierce king" likely refers to a specific ruler known for his severity and harshness. In the historical context, this could be a reference to rulers like Esarhaddon of Assyria or Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon, who were known for their conquests and harsh treatment of subjugated peoples. This prophecy highlights the theme of divine retribution, where God uses powerful leaders to fulfill His purposes. The imagery of a "fierce king" also serves as a warning to nations that rely on their own strength rather than seeking God.

declares the Lord GOD of Hosts
This phrase affirms the authority and certainty of the prophecy. "The Lord GOD of Hosts" is a title that emphasizes God's supreme power and command over the heavenly armies. It reassures the reader that the prophecy is not merely a human prediction but a divine decree. This title is often used in contexts where God's might and sovereignty are being asserted, reminding the audience of His ultimate control over all earthly and spiritual realms. The use of this title reinforces the inevitability of the prophecy's fulfillment and serves as a reminder of God's omnipotence.

Persons / Places / Events

1.Egyptians
The people of Egypt, a significant nation in biblical history, often representing worldly power and opposition to God's people.

2.Harsh Masters
Symbolic of oppressive rulers or leaders who will dominate Egypt, indicating a period of suffering and subjugation.

3.Fierce King
A specific ruler characterized by severity and cruelty, possibly representing a historical or prophetic figure who will exert control over Egypt.

4.The Lord GOD of Hosts
A title for God emphasizing His sovereignty and command over all heavenly armies, underscoring His authority to enact judgment.

5.Isaiah
The prophet through whom God delivers this message, serving as a mouthpiece for divine revelation and warning.

Teaching Points

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
God is in control of all nations and their leaders. His plans and purposes will prevail, even over powerful empires like Egypt.

The Consequences of Pride and Idolatry
Egypt's downfall serves as a warning against pride and reliance on false gods. Nations and individuals must recognize their dependence on the true God.

The Certainty of God's Judgment
God's declarations through His prophets are sure and will come to pass. Believers should live in light of God's righteous judgment and seek His mercy.

Hope in God's Ultimate Plan
While judgment is pronounced, God's ultimate plan includes redemption and restoration for those who turn to Him. This offers hope amidst warnings of judgment.

The Role of Prophets
Prophets like Isaiah are vital in communicating God's messages. Believers should heed prophetic warnings and seek to understand God's will through Scripture.

Bible Study Questions and Answers

1.What is the meaning of Isaiah 19:4?

2.How does Isaiah 19:4 illustrate God's sovereignty over nations and their leaders?

3.What lessons can we learn from Egypt's subjugation to a "cruel master"?

4.How does Isaiah 19:4 connect with other biblical themes of divine judgment?

5.In what ways can we apply the warnings of Isaiah 19:4 today?

6.How should Isaiah 19:4 influence our understanding of God's justice and mercy?

7.What does Isaiah 19:4 reveal about God's sovereignty over nations?

8.How does Isaiah 19:4 reflect God's judgment on Egypt?

9.Why does God allow a "cruel master" in Isaiah 19:4?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Isaiah 19?

11.Does Isaiah 19:1–4 align with known Egyptian history regarding civil strife and political upheaval?

12.Why do Isaiah 37:33-35 and parallel biblical accounts (e.g., 2 Kings 19) differ in describing Sennacherib's retreat and the exact nature of the Assyrian defeat?

13.Can the miraculous elements in Isaiah 19:16-25 be reconciled with modern historical or scientific understanding?

14.Psalm 135:15-18 dismisses idols as mere human constructs--how do we address ancient records and artifacts that suggest widespread and longstanding belief in these deities?

What Does Isaiah 19:4 Mean

I will deliver the Egyptians

- The Lord Himself takes the initiative; Egypt’s fate is not random political turmoil but the purposeful hand of God (Isaiah 10:5-6).

- “Deliver” points to a decisive handing over, much likeJudges 2:14 where God “gave them into the hands of plunderers.”

- This action affirms His sovereign right over every nation (Psalm 22:28;Acts 17:26).

into the hands of a harsh master,

- The phrase signals severe oppression—echoing how Egypt once oppressed Israel (Exodus 1:13-14). The roles are reversed by divine justice (Galatians 6:7).

-Deuteronomy 28:48 warns that disobedient nations will serve enemies “in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and dire poverty,” outlining the kind of harshness envisioned here.

- God sometimes uses ruthless rulers as instruments of discipline (2 Kings 17:18-20).

and a fierce king will rule over them,

- Historically, many conservative commentators see the fulfillment in Assyrian king Esarhaddon or later Babylonian domination (2 Kings 19:37;Jeremiah 46:13).

- “Fierce” stresses unrelenting tyranny, reminiscent ofProverbs 28:15—“Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over a poor people.”

- God’s ability to raise up even formidable pagan kings for His purposes is highlighted inIsaiah 45:1 andDaniel 2:37-38.

declares the Lord GOD of Hosts.

- “Lord GOD of Hosts” underscores absolute authority: the Commander of heaven’s armies guarantees this word (1 Samuel 17:45).

- Because He speaks, the prophecy is certain;Isaiah 14:27 states, “The LORD of Hosts has purposed, and who will annul it?”

-Amos 3:7-8 reminds us that when the Lord speaks, His servants must take it seriously; the lion has roared.

summary

Isaiah 19:4 announces God’s deliberate act of handing Egypt over to a brutal ruler as judgment for its pride and idolatry. The verse unpacks four key truths: God’s sovereign control, His use of human authorities (even harsh ones) to accomplish divine purposes, the moral principle of reaping what is sown, and the unbreakable reliability of His word. For today’s reader, it is a sober reminder that nations and individuals alike remain accountable to the Lord of Hosts, whose declarations always come to pass.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(4)Into the hand of a cruel lord.--The later history of Egypt presents so many pictures of oppressive government, that it is hard to say to which of them the picture thus drawn bears most resemblance. Sargon, or Esarhaddon, or Psammetichus, who became king of Egypt on the breaking up of the dodecarchy, or Nebuchadnezzar, or Cambyses, has, each in his turn, been identified as presenting the features of the "cruel lord."

Pulpit Commentary

Verse 4. -The Egyptians will I give over into the hand of a cruel lord. It has been observed above that Piankhi will not answer to this description. It will, however, well suit Esarhaddon. Esarhaddon, soon after his accession, cut off the heads of Abdi-Milkut, King of Sidon, and of Sanduarri, King of Kundi, and hung them round the necks of two of their chief officers (G. Smith, 'Eponym Canon,' pp. 137-139). In an expedition which he made into Arabia, he slew eight of the sovereigns, two of them being women ('Records of the Past,' vol. 3. pp. 106, 107). On conquering Egypt he treated it with extreme severity. Not only did he divide up the country into twenty governments, but he changed the names of the towns, and assigned to his twenty governors, as their main duty, that they were "to slay, plunder, and spoil" their subjects (G. Smith, 'History of Asshur-bani-pal,' p. 37, 1. 7; comp. p. 16, 1. 7). He certainly well deserved the appellations of "a cruel lord," "a fierce king."

Parallel Commentaries ...

Hebrew

I will deliver
וְסִכַּרְתִּי֙(wə·sik·kar·tî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 5534:To shut up, to surrender

the Egyptians
מִצְרַ֔יִם(miṣ·ra·yim)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4714:Egypt -- a son of Ham, also his descendants and their country in Northwest Africa

into the hands
בְּיַ֖ד(bə·yaḏ)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 3027:A hand

of harsh
קָשֶׁ֑ה(qā·šeh)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 7186:Hard, severe

masters,
אֲדֹנִ֣ים(’ă·ḏō·nîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 113:Sovereign, controller

and a fierce
עַז֙(‘az)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 5794:Strong, vehement, harsh

king
וּמֶ֤לֶךְ(ū·me·leḵ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4428:A king

will rule
יִמְשָׁל־(yim·šāl-)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4910:To rule, have dominion, reign

over them,”
בָּ֔ם(bām)
Preposition | third person masculine plural
Strong's Hebrew

declares
נְאֻ֥ם(nə·’um)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 5002:An oracle

the Lord
הָאָד֖וֹן(hā·’ā·ḏō·wn)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 113:Sovereign, controller

GOD
יְהוָ֥ה(Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068:LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

of Hosts.
צְבָאֽוֹת׃(ṣə·ḇā·’ō·wṯ)
Noun - common plural
Strong's 6635:A mass of persons, reg, organized for, war, a campaign

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OT Prophets: Isaiah 19:4 I will give over the Egyptians into (Isa Isi Is)