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Leviticus 18:28
That the land spue not you out also, when ye defile it, as it spued out the nations thatwere before you.

Leviticus 20:22
Ye shall therefore keep all my statutes, and all my judgments, and do them: that the land, whither I bring you to dwell therein, spue you not out.

Deuteronomy 4:26
I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that ye shall soon utterly perish from off the land whereunto ye go over Jordan to possess it; ye shall not prolongyour days upon it, but shall utterly be destroyed.

the Lord's.

Leviticus 25:23
The land shall not be sold for ever: for the landis mine; for yeare strangers and sojourners with me.

Jeremiah 2:7
And I brought you into a plentiful country, to eat the fruit thereof and the goodness thereof; but when ye entered, ye defiled my land, and made mine heritage an abomination.

Jeremiah 16:18
And first I will recompense their iniquity and their sin double; because they have defiled my land, they have filled mine inheritance with the carcases of their detestable and abominable things.

but.

Hosea 9:6
For, lo, they are gone because of destruction: Egypt shall gather them up, Memphis shall bury them: the pleasantplaces for their silver, nettles shall possess them: thornsshall be in their tabernacles.

Hosea 8:13
They sacrifice fleshfor the sacrifices of mine offerings, and eatit; but the LORD accepteth them not; now will he remember their iniquity, and visit their sins: they shall return to Egypt.

Hosea 11:5
He shall not return into the land of Egypt, but the Assyrian shall be his king, because they refused to return.

Ezekiel 4:13
And the LORD said, Even thus shall the children of Israel eat their defiled bread among the Gentiles, whither I will drive them.

Daniel 1:8
But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king's meat, nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself.

Acts 10:14
But Peter said, Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten any thing that is common or unclean.

in Assyria.

Hosea 11:11
They shall tremble as a bird out of Egypt, and as a dove out of the land of Assyria: and I will place them in their houses, saith the LORD.

2 Kings 17:6
In the ninth year of Hoshea the king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah and in Haborby the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes.

Ephraim will return to Egypt
Ephraim, representing the northern kingdom of Israel, is prophesied to "return to Egypt." This is not necessarily a literal return but symbolizes a return to bondage and oppression, reminiscent of their ancestors' slavery in Egypt. Egypt here serves as a metaphor for a place of exile and punishment. Historically, Egypt was a place of refuge during times of famine or threat (as seen inGenesis 12:10 and1 Kings 11:40), but it also represents a place of spiritual and physical bondage. This phrase underscores the severity of Israel's impending judgment.

and eat unclean food in Assyria.
Eating "unclean food" in Assyria highlights the loss of religious purity and the inability to maintain the dietary laws given inLeviticus 11. In exile, the Israelites would be forced to consume food that was not prepared according to their laws, symbolizing a loss of identity and separation from their covenantal relationship with God. Assyria, the dominant power at the time, was known for its conquest and deportation of peoples, including the northern kingdom of Israel in 722 BC. This phrase emphasizes the humiliation and degradation that would accompany their exile, as they would be subject to foreign customs and lose their distinctiveness as God's chosen people.

“They will not remain in the land of the LORD” (Hosea 9:3) announces literal exile for the northern kingdom.

• The covenant made clear that persistent idolatry would cost Israel its place in the Promised Land (Leviticus 18:27-28;Deuteronomy 28:63-64).

• Hosea’s generation had filled the land with Baal worship (Hosea 8:4-6), so the land would “vomit” them out exactly as God warned.

• History records the fulfillment when Assyria deported the people in 722 BC (2 Kings 17:6), showing the unbreakable link between obedience and residence in God’s land.

“Ephraim will return to Egypt” (Hosea 9:3) pictures a tragic reversal of the Exodus.

• Egypt symbolizes bondage; going back there means forfeiting the freedom God had granted (Exodus 20:2;Deuteronomy 28:68).

• Some Israelites literally fled to Egypt when Assyria advanced (2 Kings 17:4;Jeremiah 42:15-16), fulfillingHosea 8:13 andHosea 11:5.

• Spiritually, it shows that turning from the LORD always leads back to slavery, whether political or moral (John 8:34;Romans 6:16).

“…and eat unclean food in Assyria” (Hosea 9:3) highlights the loss of ceremonial purity.

• Exile would force them to live under pagan dietary practices, unable to keep the laws ofLeviticus 11 (cf.Ezekiel 4:13).

• Daniel later faced this issue in Babylon and resolved not to defile himself (Daniel 1:8), underscoring how exile tested faithfulness.

• Eating “unclean food” also points to spiritual contamination; what they once considered holy would be profaned (Hosea 9:4;Amos 7:17).

Hosea 9:3 plainly prophesies that Israel’s rebellion would expel them from God’s land, drive them back toward the bondage symbolized by Egypt, and plunge them into unclean living under Assyrian rule. The verse proves that God’s Word is exact: covenant blessing hinges on obedience, and sin inevitably carries the bitter fruit of exile and defilement.

(1) that Ephraim would return to Egypt to obtain anxiliaries, but to no purpose, - for they would be carried away captive and be compelled to eat unclean things in the land of Assyria; or

(2) the prophet threatens that some of them would go as exiles into Egypt, and others of them into Assyria This latter explanation is much to be preferred; while with regard to Egypt the threats, ring thus understood would re-echo an crier prophecy inDeuteronomy 28:68, "The Lord shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy you." In Assyria also they would be obliged to cat things ceremonially unclean, as it would be impossible to conform to the requirements of the Law, according to which the eating of certain animals was prohibited. There is yet

(3) another interpretation, which takes Assyria to be the place of exile, while Egypt figuratively represents the condition of that exile, namely, a state of hard bondage and sore oppression, such as Israel endured in Egypt in the days of yore.

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