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◄ Hebrews 3:18►

New International Version
And to whom did God swear that they would never enter his rest if not to those who disobeyed?

New Living Translation
And to whom was God speaking when he took an oath that they would never enter his rest? Wasn’t it the people who disobeyed him?

English Standard Version
And to whom did he swear that they would not enter his rest, but to those who were disobedient?

Berean Standard Bible
And to whom did He swear that they would never enter His rest? Was it not to those who disobeyed?

Berean Literal Bible
And to whom did He swear that they shall not enter into His rest, if not to those having disobeyed?

King James Bible
And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that believed not?

New King James Version
And to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest, but to those who did not obey?

New American Standard Bible
And to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest, but to those who were disobedient?

NASB 1995
And to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest, but to those who were disobedient?

NASB 1977
And to whom did He swear that they should not enter His rest, but to those who were disobedient?

Legacy Standard Bible
And to whom did He swear that they would not enter His rest, but to those who were disobedient?

Amplified Bible
And to whom did He swear [an oath] that they would not enter His rest, but to those who disobeyed [those who would not listen to His word]?

Christian Standard Bible
And to whom did he swear that they would not enter his rest, if not to those who disobeyed?

Holman Christian Standard Bible
And who did He swear to that they would not enter His rest, if not those who disobeyed?

American Standard Version
And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that were disobedient?

Contemporary English Version
And who did God say would never enter his place of rest? Weren't they the ones that disobeyed him?

English Revised Version
And to whom sware he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that were disobedient?

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Who did God swear would never enter his place of rest? He was talking about those who didn't obey him.

Good News Translation
When God made his solemn promise, "They will never enter the land where I would have given them rest"--of whom was he speaking? Of those who rebelled.

International Standard Version
And to whom did he swear that they would never enter his rest? It was to those who disobeyed him, was it not?

NET Bible
And to whom did he swear they would never enter into his rest, except those who were disobedient?

New Heart English Bible
To whom did he swear that they would not enter into his rest, but to those who were disobedient?

Webster's Bible Translation
And to whom did he swear that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that believed not?

Weymouth New Testament
And to whom did He swear that they should not be admitted to His rest, if it was not to those who were disobedient?

Majority Text Translations

Majority Standard Bible
And to whom did He swear that they would never enter His rest? Was it not to those who disobeyed?

World English Bible
To whom did he swear that they wouldn’t enter into his rest, but to those who were disobedient?

Literal Translations

Literal Standard Version
And to whom did He swear that they will not enter into His rest, except to those who did not believe?

Berean Literal Bible
And to whom did He swear that they shall not enter into His rest, if not to those having disobeyed?

Young's Literal Translation
and to whom did He swear that they shall not enter into His rest, except to those who did not believe? --

Smith's Literal Translation
And to whom sware he that they could not come into his rest, if not to them having been disobedient?

Catholic Translations

Douay-Rheims Bible
And to whom did he swear, that they should not enter into his rest: but to them that were incredulous?

Catholic Public Domain Version
But to whom did he swear that they would not enter into his rest, except to those who were incredulous?

New American Bible
And to whom did he “swear that they should not enter into his rest,” if not to those who were disobedient?

New Revised Standard Version
And to whom did he swear that they would not enter his rest, if not to those who were disobedient?

Translations from Aramaic

Lamsa Bible
And against whom did he swear that they should not enter into his rest, except against those who did not listen?

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And concerning whom did he swear that they would not enter his rest, but those who were unconvinced?

NT Translations

Anderson New Testament
But to whom did he swear that they should not enter into his rest, but to those who believed not?

Godbey New Testament
And to whom did he swear that they should not enter into his rest, but to those who believed not?

Haweis New Testament
And to whom did he swear that they should not enter into his rest, but to those who did not believe?

Mace New Testament
and who were they, who, he sware, should not enter into his rest, but those that did not believe? so we see that they could not enter in,

Weymouth New Testament
And to whom did He swear that they should not be admitted to His rest, if it was not to those who were disobedient?

Worrell New Testament
And to whom did He swear, that they should not enter into His rest, but to those who were disbelieving?

Worsley New Testament
and to whom did He swear that they should not enter into his rest, but to those that were disobedient?

Additional Translations ...

Audio Bible

Context

The Peril of Unbelief
…17And with whom was God angry for forty years? Was it not with those who sinned, whose bodies fell in the wilderness?18And to whom did He swear that they would never enter His rest?Was it not to those who disobeyed?19So we see that it was because of their unbelief that they were unable to enter.…

Berean Standard Bible ·Download

Cross References

Numbers 14:30
Surely none of you will enter the land in which I swore to settle you, except Caleb son of Jephunneh and Joshua son of Nun.

Numbers 14:22-23
not one of the men who have seen My glory and the signs I performed in Egypt and in the wilderness—yet have tested Me and disobeyed Me these ten times— / not one will ever see the land that I swore to give their fathers. None of those who have treated Me with contempt will see it.

Psalm 95:11
So I swore on oath in My anger, “They shall never enter My rest.”

Deuteronomy 1:34-35
When the LORD heard your words, He grew angry and swore an oath, saying, / “Not one of the men of this evil generation shall see the good land I swore to give your fathers,

Numbers 32:10-13
So the anger of the LORD was kindled that day, and He swore an oath, saying, / ‘Because they did not follow Me wholeheartedly, not one of the men twenty years of age or older who came out of Egypt will see the land that I swore to give Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob— / not one except Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite and Joshua son of Nun—because they did follow the LORD wholeheartedly.’ ...

Deuteronomy 9:23
And when the LORD sent you out from Kadesh-barnea, He said, “Go up and possess the land that I have given you.” But you rebelled against the command of the LORD your God. You neither believed Him nor obeyed Him.

Psalm 106:26
So He raised His hand and swore to cast them down in the wilderness,

1 Corinthians 10:5
Nevertheless, God was not pleased with most of them, for they were struck down in the wilderness.

Jude 1:5
Although you are fully aware of this, I want to remind you that after Jesus had delivered His people out of the land of Egypt, He destroyed those who did not believe.

Hebrews 4:1
Therefore, while the promise of entering His rest still stands, let us be careful that none of you be deemed to have fallen short of it.

Hebrews 4:6
Since, then, it remains for some to enter His rest, and since those who formerly heard the good news did not enter because of their disobedience,

Hebrews 4:11
Let us, therefore, make every effort to enter that rest, so that no one will fall by following the same pattern of disobedience.

Romans 11:20
That is correct: They were broken off because of unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but be afraid.

Romans 3:3
What if some did not have faith? Will their lack of faith nullify God’s faithfulness?

Romans 11:21
For if God did not spare the natural branches, He will certainly not spare you either.

Treasury of Scripture

And to whom swore he that they should not enter into his rest, but to them that believed not?

to whom.

Hebrews 3:11
So I sware in my wrath, They shall not enter into my rest.)

Numbers 14:30
Doubtless ye shall not come into the land,concerning which I sware to make you dwell therein, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun.

Deuteronomy 1:34,35
And the LORD heard the voice of your words, and was wroth, and sware, saying, …

but.

Numbers 14:11
And the LORD said unto Moses, How long will this people provoke me? and how long will it be ere they believe me, for all the signs which I have shewed among them?

Numbers 20:12
And the LORD spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed me not, to sanctify me in the eyes of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this congregation into the land which I have given them.

Deuteronomy 1:26-32
Notwithstanding ye would not go up, but rebelled against the commandment of the LORD your God: …

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Hebrews 3

1.Christ is more worthy than Moses;
7.therefore if we believe not in him, we shall be more worthy punishment than hardhearted Israel.

Study Bible

Book ◦ Chapter

And to whom did He swear that they would never enter His rest?
This phrase refers to God's oath concerning the Israelites who wandered in the wilderness. The "rest" is a reference to the Promised Land, which was a type of the ultimate rest found in Christ. The context is the rebellion at Kadesh Barnea (Numbers 14), where the Israelites refused to trust God and enter Canaan. This oath is a solemn declaration of judgment, emphasizing the seriousness of unbelief. The concept of "rest" also connects to the Sabbath rest, symbolizing spiritual rest in God. This passage echoesPsalm 95:11, where God swears in His wrath that the disobedient generation would not enter His rest, highlighting the consequences of disobedience and unbelief.

Was it not to those who disobeyed?
The disobedience mentioned here is a direct reference to the Israelites' lack of faith and rebellion against God's command to take possession of the land He promised them. This disobedience is characterized by a refusal to trust in God's promises and power, despite witnessing His miracles. The historical context includes the sending of the twelve spies into Canaan and the subsequent fear and rebellion of the people (Numbers 13-14). This serves as a warning to the readers of Hebrews, urging them to remain faithful and obedient to avoid similar judgment. Theologically, it underscores the importance of faith and obedience in the believer's life, drawing a parallel to the New Testament call to persevere in faith to enter God's ultimate rest through Christ.

Persons / Places / Events

1.God
The one who swore an oath regarding the Israelites' inability to enter His rest due to their disobedience.

2.The Israelites
The people who were led out of Egypt by Moses but failed to enter the Promised Land due to their unbelief and disobedience.

3.The Promised Land
The land of Canaan, which symbolized God's rest and promise to the Israelites.

4.Moses
The leader of the Israelites who guided them out of Egypt but was also denied entry into the Promised Land due to disobedience.

5.The Wilderness
The place where the Israelites wandered for 40 years as a consequence of their disobedience and lack of faith.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Disobedience
Disobedience to God leads to missing out on His promises and blessings. Just as the Israelites were denied entry into the Promised Land, we too can miss out on God's rest if we are disobedient.

The Importance of Faith
Faith is essential to enter God's rest. The Israelites' lack of faith resulted in disobedience, serving as a warning for us to trust in God's promises.

Listening to God's Voice
We must be attentive to God's voice and not harden our hearts. Regular engagement with Scripture and prayer helps us remain sensitive to His guidance.

The Urgency of Today
The call to obedience and faith is urgent.Hebrews 3:18 reminds us that the opportunity to enter God's rest is available today, and we must not delay in responding to His call.

Community Accountability
Encouraging one another in faith and obedience is crucial. As a community of believers, we should support each other in our spiritual journeys to prevent falling into disobedience.

Bible Study Questions and Answers

1.What is the meaning of Hebrews 3:18?

2.What does Hebrews 3:18 teach about the consequences of disobedience to God?

3.How can we ensure our hearts remain faithful, as warned in Hebrews 3:18?

4.What Old Testament events relate to the warning in Hebrews 3:18?

5.How does Hebrews 3:18 encourage perseverance in our Christian walk today?

6.In what ways can we help others avoid the disobedience mentioned in Hebrews 3:18?

7.What does Hebrews 3:18 reveal about God's expectations for obedience and faithfulness?

8.How does Hebrews 3:18 relate to the concept of divine rest?

9.Why did God swear an oath in Hebrews 3:18, and what does it signify?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Hebrews 3?

11.How can we live fully in Christ's teachings?

12.What does 'no condemnation in Christ' mean?

13.How can Hebrews 3:4, stating God as the builder of everything, be reconciled with scientific evidence of cosmology and evolution over billions of years?

14.Didn't Jesus never actually claim to be God?

What Does Hebrews 3:18 Mean

And to whom did He swear

Hebrews 3:18 opens by recalling a solemn oath God made. The writer invites us to remember the historical scene inNumbers 14:21-23 andPsalm 95:11, where the Lord swore that the unbelieving generation would not enter Canaan.

• God’s oath underscores His unchanging character—what He promises, He performs (Malachi 3:6).

• The question form presses the reader to identify the guilty party and recognize God’s righteous response.

• By reaching back to Israel’s wilderness story, the passage links ancient events to present readers: the same God still speaks today (Hebrews 3:7-8).

that they would never enter His rest?

“His rest” first pointed to the land of promise, yet the context of Hebrews expands it to a greater, ongoing rest—God’s own Sabbath rest (Hebrews 4:9-10).

• Physical rest in Canaan served as a picture of spiritual rest in Christ (Matthew 11:28-29).

• The permanence of the phrase “never enter” heightens the finality of God’s judgment (Genesis 7:16).

• Rest conveys security, fulfillment, and fellowship with God; to forfeit it is to remain in weary wandering (Isaiah 57:20-21).

Was it not to those who disobeyed?

The writer answers his own question, spotlighting disobedience as the root issue. Faith and obedience walk together (James 2:17), just as unbelief and disobedience unite.

• Disobedience in the wilderness showed itself through grumbling (Exodus 16:8), idolatry (Exodus 32:8), and outright refusal to trust God’s promise (Numbers 14:11).

• Hebrews warns that the same pattern can reappear in any heart that “turns away from the living God” (Hebrews 3:12).

• New-covenant believers must heed this warning, mixing the message with faith (Hebrews 4:2) and holding firmly to Christ (Hebrews 3:14).

summary

Hebrews 3:18 reminds us that God swore exclusion from His rest to the generation that married unbelief with disobedience. Their story stands as both caution and invitation: refuse faith, and the door closes; trust and obey, and true rest awaits.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(18)That believed not.--Rather,that disobeyed. Every part of the solemn sentences of the Psalm is applied to the reader's conscience, that the effect of the whole warning may be deepened: the nature of the transgression is thus brought out with the strongest emphasis. Those with whom God was angry had provoked God (Hebrews 3:16), had sinned (Hebrews 3:17), had been disobedient, had refused to believe His word (Hebrews 3:19). The action of the Israelites (Numbers 14) involved at once disobedience to God's command that they should advance to the conquest of the land, and want of faith in the promise which made victory sure.

Parallel Commentaries ...

Greek

And
δὲ(de)
Conjunction
Strong's 1161:A primary particle; but, and, etc.

to whom
τίσιν(tisin)
Interrogative / Indefinite Pronoun - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 5101:Who, which, what, why. Probably emphatic of tis; an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what.

did He swear [that they]
ὤμοσεν(ōmosen)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 3660:A prolonged form of a primary, but obsolete omo, for which another prolonged form omoo is used in certain tenses; to swear, i.e. Take oath.

would never enter
εἰσελεύσεσθαι(eiseleusesthai)
Verb - Future Infinitive Middle
Strong's 1525:To go in, come in, enter. From eis and erchomai; to enter.

His
αὐτοῦ(autou)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 846:He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.

rest?
κατάπαυσιν(katapausin)
Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 2663:From katapauo; reposing down, i.e. abode.

[Was it]
εἰ(ei)
Conjunction
Strong's 1487:If. A primary particle of conditionality; if, whether, that, etc.

not
μὴ(mē)
Adverb
Strong's 3361:Not, lest. A primary particle of qualified negation; not, lest; also (whereas ou expects an affirmative one) whether.

to those who
τοῖς(tois)
Article - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588:The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

disobeyed?
ἀπειθήσασιν(apeithēsasin)
Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Dative Masculine Plural
Strong's 544:To disobey, rebel, be disloyal, refuse conformity. From apeithes; to disbelieve.

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NT Letters: Hebrews 3:18 To whom did he swear that they (Heb. He. Hb)