Lexical Summary
shachath: To destroy, corrupt, ruin, spoil
Original Word:שָׁחַת
Part of Speech:Verb
Transliteration:shachath
Pronunciation:shah-khath'
Phonetic Spelling:(shaw-khath')
KJV: batter, cast off, corrupt(-er, thing), destroy(-er, -uction), lose, mar, perish, spill, spoiler, X utterly, waste(-r)
NASB:destroy, destroyed, corrupt, destroying, destroys, act corruptly, corrupted
Word Origin:[a primitive root]
1. to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively)
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
batter, cast off, corrupter, thing, destroyer lose, mar, perish, spill,
A primitive root; to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin (literally or figuratively) -- batter, cast off, corrupt(-er, thing), destroy(-er, -uction), lose, mar, perish, spill, spoiler, X utterly, waste(-r).
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origina prim. root
Definitionperhaps to go to ruin
NASB Translationact corruptly (4), act...corruptly (1), acted corruptly (3), acted...corruptly (1), acting corruptly (1), blemished animal (1), corrupt (8), corrupted (4), depravity (1), destroy (69), destroyed (14), destroyer (4), destroyers (1), destroying (7), destroys (5), destruction (2), devastate (1), felled (2), go to ruin (1), harm (2), jeopardize (1), laid waste (1), polluted (1), raiders (2), ravage (1), ravaged (1), ruin (1), ruined (4), set (1), spoiled (1), stifled (1), waste (1), wasted (1), wreaking destruction (1).
Brown-Driver-Briggs
[]
151 (?), only derived species (Late Hebrew Hiph`il = Biblical Hebrew, Ecclus. Ecclesiasticus 30:11
corrupt act; Arabic
extirpate; Ethiopic
injure, violate; Tel Amarna
ša—âtu is
fall (especially of city),
be prostrate (? of land), perhaps Canaanism (see Wkl
TelAm. Vocab.), Assyrian possibly
šêtu,
flee, escape (compare ); Old Aramaic (Zinjirli)
destroy Lzb
374, Aramaic ,
(assimilation of
),
multilate; — very improbable Gerber
179denominative from ); —
be marred, spoiled, Perfect3masculine singular , of waistclothJeremiah 13:7, vesselJeremiah 18:4;be injured, or even (hyperb.)ruined, Imperfect3feminine singularExodus 8:20 (J) of land ();be corrupted, corrupt, in mnorals and rel., of earth,Perfect3feminine singularGenesis 6:12 (P),Imperfect3feminine singularGenesis 6:11 (P); soParticiple feminine plural as adjectiveEzekiel 20:44.
Perfect3masculine singularExodus 32:7 +, suffixHosea 13:9; 2masculine singularIsaiah 14:20 +, etc.;Imperative masculine pluralJeremiah 5:10;Infinitive constructGenesis 13:10 +, etc.; —
spoil, ruin, accusative of eyeExodus 21:26 (E), vineyardJeremiah 12:10 (figurative), branchesNahum 2:3 (figurative), also =destroy, accusative of person2 Samuel 1:14;2 Samuel 14:11 (accusative omitted),Ezekiel 5:16;Ezekiel 20:17,Genesis 6:17;Genesis 9:15 (P), city, fortress, etc.,Genesis 13:10;Genesis 19:13,29 (all J),2 Samuel 24:16;Jeremiah 5:10 (accusative omitted),Jeremiah 48:18;Ezekiel 26:4;Ezekiel 43:3;Lamentations 2:5,ruin templeLamentations 2:6, nationHosea 11:9;Hosea 13:9 (read perhaps Oort Now), land2 Kings 19:12 (Hiph`il in ""Isaiah 37:12),Judges 6:5;Joshua 22:33 (P),Ezekiel 22:30;Ezekiel 30:11, earthGenesis 9:11 (P); with object ( ), city1 Samuel 23:10, personNumbers 32:15 (P); with accusativeAmos 1:11,destroyed (stifled)his compassion (or, RSK 28 and others,the bonds of kinship, see ),Malachi 2:8, i.e. violate it, see especially (that is,semen)Genesis 38:9 (J)he spoiled (it)upon the ground, made it ineffective, =waste wordsProverbs 23:8.
pervert, corrupt, accusative wisdomEzekiel 28:17, absolute =deal corruptly,Hosea 9:9 (compare [], p.770:b; but We Now read , √ ),Exodus 32:7 (JE),Deuteronomy 9:12, soDeuteronomy 32:5.
103Perfect3masculine singularGenesis 6:12 +; 1 singularJeremiah 51:20, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularDaniel 8:24 +,Malachi 3:11 +,1 Chronicles 20:1; 2feminine singularEzekiel 16:47, 2masculine pluralDeuteronomy 4:16;Deuteronomy 31:29;Imperative masculine singular suffix2 Kings 18:25 =Isaiah 36:10;Infinitive absoluteDeuteronomy 31:29; construct1 Samuel 26:15 +, etc.;ParticipleGenesis 19:14 +, etc.; —
spoil, ruin, accusative cropJudges 6:4;Malachi 3:11, treesDeuteronomy 20:19,20;Jeremiah 11:19 (figurative), vessels 2Chronicles 36:19, houses 2 Chronicles 34:11, palacesJeremiah 6:5 compareIsaiah 65:8;Leviticus 19:27 (H),Ruth 4:6;Jeremiah 49:9 thievesdamage as much as they want; accusative of person =ruin, destroy,1 Samuel 26:9,15;Judges 20:21,25 (+ ),Judges 20:35;Judges 20:42;2 Kings 13:23; 2Chronicles 24:23 (+ separ.), + 12 t., + (accusative of person omitted)Isaiah 51:13 4t., accusative 2Chronicles 21:7, absoluteIsaiah 11:9 =Isaiah 65:25; alsoruin one (by words)Proverbs 11:9; accusative2 Samuel 24:16;Deuteronomy 9:26; land1 Samuel 6:5;Jeremiah 36:29;Daniel 11:17 (see Dr); city wall2 Samuel 20:15 (Ew Th here denominative fromthey were making a pit; < We (?) Klo Dr Bu HPS Nowwere devising),Lamentations 2:8, cities and nationsGenesis 18:28 (twice in verse) (J, accusative omitted),Genesis 19:13,14 (J),Isaiah 37:12 (Pi`el in ""2 Kings 19:12), 2Ki 36:10 (twice in verse) =2 Kings 18:25 (twice in verse) + 11 t. + (Israel personified)Deuteronomy 4:31;Deuteronomy 10:10;2 Kings 8:19, pride of JudahJeremiah 13:9, earthJeremiah 51:1; absolute with adverb accusativeDaniel 8:24 (see Dr; Bev conjecture orutter monstrous things), compare1 Chronicles 21:12; Participle as adjective, of lionJeremiah 2:30, angel1 Chronicles 21:15; =destroyerExodus 12:23 (J),Jeremiah 22:7;Isaiah 54:16,Jeremiah 4:7,Jeremiah 51:1; singular collective ( Ges§ 126l;the destroying band, compare Dr Bu Now)1 Samuel 13:17;1 Samuel 14:15 (spoilers, ravagers); figurative for snare, trap,Jeremiah 5:26.
pervert, corrupt, morally, accusativeGenesis 6:12 (P; see
),Proverbs 6:32, compareZephaniah 3:7;Ezekiel 23:11 ( compare);Psalm 14:1 =Psalm 53:2; (+ verb of particular act)Deuteronomy 4:16;Deuteronomy 31:29; declar. =act corruptly,Isaiah 1:4;Deuteronomy 4:28 (+ verb of act), 2Chronicles 27:2, + compareJudges 2:19;Ezekiel 16:47;Participle as substantiveJeremiah 6:28,Proverbs 28:24 (Proverbs 18:9 see infra). —destroy not (catchword of old song or melody ?) in Psalm-titles: Prov 57:1; Prov 58:1; Prov 59:1; Prov 75:1.
Participlespoiled, ruined, of a spring,Proverbs 25:26 ("" ); as substantiveMalachi 1:14 sacrificing aspoiled thing.
Topical Lexicon
Scope and Semantic ThemesThe verb שָׁחַת occurs roughly one-hundred-forty-seven times in the Hebrew Scriptures and gathers around four interwoven ideas: (1) moral corruption or depravity, (2) physical ruin or devastation, (3) the spoiling or marring of objects, persons, or plans, and (4) the finality of destruction when God executes judgment. Its range stretches from an internal decay of character to the outward collapse of civilizations and ecosystems. The word therefore functions as an indispensable link between human sin, the forfeiture of covenant blessing, and the righteous intervention of the LORD.
Representative Old Testament Occurrences
1. Moral corruption
•Genesis 6:11–12 – “Now the earth was corrupt in the sight of God… all flesh had corrupted their ways.”
•Deuteronomy 4:16, 25 – warnings not to “act corruptly” by fashioning idols.
•Hosea 9:9 – “They have deeply corrupted themselves as in the days of Gibeah.”
•Zephaniah 3:7 – despite discipline, “they were eager to corrupt all their deeds.”
2. Physical destruction
•Genesis 6:13 – “I will destroy them with the earth.”
•Genesis 19:29 – the LORD “destroyed the cities of the plain.”
•Exodus 15:7 – God’s anger “destroys” His enemies.
•Jeremiah 51:11 – the Medes are stirred up to “destroy” Babylon.
•Daniel 9:26 – “The people of the ruler who will come will destroy the city and the sanctuary.”
3. Spoiling or marring
•Exodus 32:7 – Israel “has corrupted itself” with the golden calf.
•Jeremiah 18:4 – the vessel in the potter’s hand “was marred.”
•Psalm 14:1;Psalm 53:1 – “They are corrupt; their acts are vile.”
•Job 15:33 (lit. “He ruins the vine like a vine shed of its unripe grapes”).
4. The “pit of destruction” nuance (root connections)
•Psalm 16:10 – “You will not abandon my soul to Sheol, nor will You allow Your Holy One to see decay.”
•Psalm 55:23 – “You, O God, will bring them down to the Pit of destruction.”
Though the noun “pit” is formally separate (שַׁחַת, Strong 7845), its shared root reinforces the concept of irreversible ruin and provides a backdrop for resurrection hope.
Narrative Flow of Biblical History
• Primeval Era – Humanity’s universal corruption precipitates the flood (Genesis 6–9); the verb frames the story’s moral indictment and the catastrophic remedy.
• Patriarchal Period – The ruin of Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 13:10; 19:29) warns subsequent generations that unchecked sin invites decisive overthrow.
• Exodus and Conquest – Israel’s rapid corruption at Sinai (Exodus 32:7) demonstrates that even the redeemed community stands in need of continual grace. Later, the verb appears in conquest narratives where the Canaanite nations are “destroyed” under divine command (Joshua 23:13–16).
• Monarchy – Prophets indict Judah and Israel for “destroying” the land through injustice (Isaiah 14:20) and for “corrupting” covenant worship (Hosea 13:9). Kings who shed innocent blood or pervert justice are said to ruin their people (Jeremiah 12:10).
• Exilic and Post-exilic – The destruction of Jerusalem is interpreted through שָׁחַת as covenant curse (Lamentations 2:11).Daniel 9:26 looks forward to yet another act of ruin against the city, pushing the theme toward eschatology.
Patterns of Corruption Versus Preservation
1. Human action initiates corruption; divine action answers with either restorative discipline or irreversible devastation.
2. When the object is the land, shachath signals ecological disorder (Jeremiah 12:4;Isaiah 24:4–6).
3. When the object is personal character, it indicates a willful twisting of goodness (Psalm 106:38).
4. When the subject is God, the verb underscores righteous judgment that is never capricious but always covenantal (Exodus 15:7;Deuteronomy 9:14).
Theological Significance
• Total Depravity:Genesis 6 anchors the doctrine that sin permeates every sphere when left unchecked.
• Covenant Accountability: Repeated use in Deuteronomy ties future ruin directly to disobedience (Deuteronomy 31:29).
• Divine Forbearance: God delays destruction when repentance is evident (Jonah 3:10—Nineveh “turned from their evil way, and He relented of the disaster”).
• Eschatological Hope: The promise that the Messiah would not “see corruption” (Psalm 16:10;Acts 2:31) establishes the resurrection as the ultimate reversal of shachath.
Christological Trajectory
While the verb generally announces doom, its root becomes the foil against which the Resurrection stands out. The burial of Christ seemed to consign Him to the pit of corruption, yetPsalm 16 assures the faithful that God would not allow His Holy One to undergo decay. The empty tomb therefore marks the definitive victory over both moral corruption and the grave’s destruction.
Ministry and Homiletical Application
1. Preaching Holiness – Highlight the link between secret sin and eventual public ruin (Proverbs 6:32–33;Isaiah 1:4).
2. Counseling – UseJeremiah 18:4 to illustrate God’s willingness to re-shape lives that appear marred beyond repair.
3. Societal Engagement – Passages likeHosea 4:1–3 ground prophetic critique of injustice and environmental abuse.
4. Evangelism – The Nineveh narrative demonstrates that repentance averts destruction, foreshadowing the gospel’s call (Luke 13:3).
Pastoral Warning and Comfort
Warn: Persistent corruption invites unavoidable judgment (Deuteronomy 29:18–28;Hebrews 10:26–27).
Comfort: Those who trust in the risen Christ are promised preservation from ultimate ruin (John 10:28;1 Peter 1:4–5).
Missiological and Eschatological Outlook
The nations that “destroy the earth” will themselves be destroyed when the kingdom is consummated (Revelation 11:18), completing the Old Testament trajectory of שָׁחַת. Yet the new heavens and new earth shine as a place “where destruction is unknown” (Isaiah 65:17–25), fulfilling God’s purpose to reverse every work of corruption and to dwell with a redeemed people forever.
Forms and Transliterations
אַשְׁחִ֔ית אַשְׁחִ֖ית אַשְׁחִ֞ית אַשְׁחִֽית׃ אַשְׁחִיתֵ֑ם אשחית אשחית׃ אשחיתם בְּשַׁחֵ֤ת בשחת הֲמַשְׁחִ֣ית הֲתַשְׁחִ֥ית הִֽ֝שְׁחִ֗יתוּ הִֽשְׁחִ֗יתוּ הִשְׁחִ֔יתוּ הִשְׁחִ֖יתוּ הִשְׁחִ֣יתוּ הִשְׁחִ֥יתוּ הִשְׁחִ֧ית הַֽשְׁחִ֥ית הַמַּשְׁחִ֔ית הַמַּשְׁחִ֖ית הַמַּשְׁחִ֛ית הַמַּשְׁחִ֤ית הַמַּשְׁחִית֙ הַמַּשְׁחִיתִם֙ הַנִּשְׁחָתוֹת֙ הַשְׁחִיתֶֽךָ׃ הַשְׁחִיתָ֔ם הַשְׁחֵ֣ת המשחית המשחיתם הנשחתות השחית השחיתו השחיתך׃ השחיתם השחת התשחית וְ֝שִׁחַ֗תָּ וְהִשְׁחִ֣יתוּ וְהִשְׁחִ֥ית וְהִשְׁחִית֙ וְהִשְׁחַתִּ֥י וְהִשְׁחַתֶּ֗ם וְהַמַּשְׁחִ֔ית וְהַשְׁחִיתָֽהּ׃ וְנִשְׁחַ֣ת וְנַשְׁחִ֖יתָה וְשִֽׁחֲתָ֑הּ וְשִֽׁחַתֶּ֖ם וְשִׁחֲת֞וּ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת וְשַׁחֵ֔תוּ וַיַּשְׁחִ֙יתוּ֙ וַיַּשְׁחִ֙תוּ֙ וַיַּשְׁחִ֛יתוּ וַיַּשְׁחִ֨יתוּ וַיַּשְׁחִיתוּ֩ וַיַּשְׁחֵ֣ת ׀ וַתִּשָּׁחֵ֥ת וַתַּשְׁחִ֥תִי וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃ וַתַּשְׁחֵ֥ת וָֽאַשְׁחִיתֵ֔ךְ וּכְהַשְׁחִ֗ית וּלְהַשְׁחִֽית׃ וּמַשְׁחִ֣ית ואשחיתך והמשחית והשחית והשחיתה׃ והשחיתו והשחתי והשחתם וישחיתו וישחת וישחתו וכהשחית ולהשחית׃ ומשחית ונשחיתה ונשחת ושחת ושחתה ושחתו ושחתם ותשחיתם׃ ותשחת ותשחתי יַ֠שְׁחִית יַ֫שְׁחִ֥ית יַשְׁחִ֖ית יַשְׁחִ֖יתוּ יַשְׁחִ֛יתוּ יַשְׁחִ֣ית יַשְׁחִ֣ת יַשְׁחִ֥ת יַשְׁחִיתֶ֑ךָ יַשְׁחִיתֶֽךָ׃ ישחית ישחיתו ישחיתך ישחיתך׃ ישחת לְהַשְׁחִ֑ית לְהַשְׁחִ֔ית לְהַשְׁחִ֖ית לְהַשְׁחִ֣ית לְהַשְׁחִֽית׃ לְהַשְׁחִית֙ לְהַשְׁחִיתֶ֔ךָ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֑הּ לְהַשְׁחִיתָ֔הּ לְהַשְׁחִיתָהּ֒ לְהַשְׁחִת֑וֹ לְשַֽׁחֶתְכֶ֑ם לְשַׁחֲתָֽהּ׃ לְשַׁחֲתָהּ֒ לְשַׁחֵ֔ת לְשַׁחֵ֖ת לְשַׁחֵ֣ת לְשַׁחֵ֥ת לְשַׁחֵת֙ להשחית להשחית׃ להשחיתה להשחיתך להשחתו לשחת לשחתה לשחתה׃ לשחתכם מִֽשַּׁחֲתָ֑ם מֵֽהַשְׁחִֽית׃ מֵהַשְׁחִיתָֽם׃ מַֽשְׁחִ֥ית מַשְׁחִ֖ית מַשְׁחִ֥ית מַשְׁחִֽית׃ מַשְׁחִיתִ֑ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ים מַשְׁחִיתִ֖ם מַשְׁחִיתִ֥ים מַשְׁחִיתִֽים׃ מַשְׁחִיתָ֖ם מַשְׁחִתִ֖ים מַשְׁחִתִ֣ים מָשְׁחָ֑ת מָשְׁחָ֖ת מהשחית׃ מהשחיתם׃ משחית משחית׃ משחיתים משחיתים׃ משחיתם משחת משחתים משחתם נִשְׁחַ֣ת נִשְׁחָ֑תָה נַשְׁחִ֨יתָה נשחיתה נשחת נשחתה שִֽׁחֲת֣וּ שִֽׁחֶתְךָ֥ שִֽׁחַתֶּם֙ שִׁחֲת֣וּ שִׁחֵ֖ת שִׁחֵ֖תוּ שִׁחֵ֣ת שִׁחֵ֥ת שִׁחֵֽתוּ׃ שִׁחַ֖תָּ שִׁחַ֥תָּ שַׁחֲתָ֑הּ שַׁחֵ֣ת שחת שחתה שחתו שחתו׃ שחתך שחתם תִּשָּׁחֵ֥ת תַּשְׁחִיתֵ֑הוּ תַּשְׁחִיתֵ֔הוּ תַּשְׁחִת֔וּן תַּשְׁחֵ֤ת תַשְׁחִ֔ית תַשְׁחִ֖ית תַשְׁחִ֤ית תשחית תשחיתהו תשחת תשחתון ’aš·ḥî·ṯêm ’aš·ḥîṯ ’ašḥîṯ ’ašḥîṯêm ashChit ashchiTem bə·ša·ḥêṯ bəšaḥêṯ beshaChet hă·maš·ḥîṯ hă·ṯaš·ḥîṯ ham·maš·ḥî·ṯim ham·maš·ḥîṯ hamashChit hămašḥîṯ hammashChit hammashchiTim hammašḥîṯ hammašḥîṯim han·niš·ḥā·ṯō·wṯ hannišḥāṯōwṯ hannishchatOt haš·ḥêṯ haš·ḥî·ṯām haš·ḥî·ṯe·ḵā haš·ḥîṯ hashChet hashChit hashchiTam hashchiTecha hašḥêṯ hašḥîṯ hašḥîṯām hašḥîṯeḵā hatashChit hăṯašḥîṯ hiš·ḥî·ṯū hiš·ḥîṯ hishChit hishChitu hišḥîṯ hišḥîṯū lə·haš·ḥî·ṯāh lə·haš·ḥî·ṯe·ḵā lə·haš·ḥi·ṯōw lə·haš·ḥîṯ lə·ša·ḥă·ṯāh lə·ša·ḥêṯ lə·ša·ḥeṯ·ḵem lehashChit lehashchiTah lehashchiTecha lehashchiTo ləhašḥîṯ ləhašḥîṯāh ləhašḥîṯeḵā ləhašḥiṯōw ləšaḥăṯāh ləšaḥêṯ ləšaḥeṯḵem leshachaTah leshaChet leshachetChem mā·šə·ḥāṯ maš·ḥî·ṯām maš·ḥi·ṯîm maš·ḥî·ṯim maš·ḥî·ṯîm maš·ḥîṯ māšəḥāṯ mashChit mashchiTam mashchiTim masheChat mašḥîṯ mašḥîṯām mašḥiṯîm mašḥîṯim mašḥîṯîm mê·haš·ḥî·ṯām mê·haš·ḥîṯ MehashChit mehashchiTam mêhašḥîṯ mêhašḥîṯām miš·ša·ḥă·ṯām mishshachaTam miššaḥăṯām naš·ḥî·ṯāh nashChitah našḥîṯāh niš·ḥā·ṯāh niš·ḥaṯ nišḥaṯ nišḥāṯāh nishChat nishChatah ša·ḥă·ṯāh ša·ḥêṯ šaḥăṯāh šaḥêṯ shachaTah shaChet shiChata shichatTem shichaTu shiChet shichetCha shiChetu ši·ḥa·tā ši·ḥă·ṯū ši·ḥat·tem ši·ḥê·ṯū ši·ḥêṯ ši·ḥeṯ·ḵā šiḥatā šiḥattem šiḥăṯū šiḥêṯ šiḥeṯḵā šiḥêṯū taš·ḥêṯ taš·ḥî·ṯê·hū taš·ḥi·ṯūn ṯaš·ḥîṯ tashChet tashChit tashchiTehu tashchiTun tašḥêṯ ṯašḥîṯ tašḥîṯêhū tašḥiṯūn tiš·šā·ḥêṯ tishshaChet tiššāḥêṯ ū·ḵə·haš·ḥîṯ ū·lə·haš·ḥîṯ ū·maš·ḥîṯ uchehashChit ūḵəhašḥîṯ ulehashChit ūləhašḥîṯ umashChit ūmašḥîṯ vaashchiTech vaiyashChet vaiyashChitu vattashChet vattashchiTem vattashChiti vattishshaChet vehammashChit vehashchiTah vehishchatTem vehishchatTi vehishChit vehishChitu venashChitah venishChat veshaChetu veshiChata veshichaTah veshichatTem veshichaTu veshiChet wā’ašḥîṯêḵ wā·’aš·ḥî·ṯêḵ wat·taš·ḥêṯ wat·taš·ḥî·ṯêm wat·taš·ḥi·ṯî wat·tiš·šā·ḥêṯ wattašḥêṯ wattašḥîṯêm wattašḥiṯî wattiššāḥêṯ way·yaš·ḥêṯ way·yaš·ḥi·ṯū way·yaš·ḥî·ṯū wayyašḥêṯ wayyašḥiṯū wayyašḥîṯū wə·ham·maš·ḥîṯ wə·haš·ḥî·ṯāh wə·hiš·ḥat·tem wə·hiš·ḥat·tî wə·hiš·ḥî·ṯū wə·hiš·ḥîṯ wə·naš·ḥî·ṯāh wə·niš·ḥaṯ wə·ša·ḥê·ṯū wə·ši·ḥa·tā wə·ši·ḥă·ṯāh wə·ši·ḥă·ṯū wə·ši·ḥat·tem wə·ši·ḥêṯ wəhammašḥîṯ wəhašḥîṯāh wəhišḥattem wəhišḥattî wəhišḥîṯ wəhišḥîṯū wənašḥîṯāh wənišḥaṯ wəšaḥêṯū wəšiḥatā wəšiḥăṯāh wəšiḥattem wəšiḥăṯū wəšiḥêṯ yaš·ḥî·ṯe·ḵā yaš·ḥî·ṯū yaš·ḥiṯ yaš·ḥîṯ yashChit yashchiTecha yashChitu yašḥiṯ yašḥîṯ yašḥîṯeḵā yašḥîṯū
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