Lexical Summary
shaal: To ask, inquire, request, demand
Original Word:שָׁאַל
Part of Speech:Verb
Transliteration:sha'al
Pronunciation:shaw-al'
Phonetic Spelling:(shaw-al')
KJV: ask (counsel, on), beg, borrow, lay to charge, consult, demand, desire, X earnestly, enquire, + greet, obtain leave, lend, pray, request, require, + salute, X straitly, X surely, wish
NASB:ask, asked, inquired, requested, inquire, asking, asks
Word Origin:[a primitive root]
1. to inquire
2. (by implication) to request
3. (by extension) to demand
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
ask counsel, on, beg, borrow, lay to charge, consult, demand, desire,
Or shael {shaw-ale'}; a primitive root; to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand -- ask (counsel, on), beg, borrow, lay to charge, consult, demand, desire, X earnestly, enquire, + greet, obtain leave, lend, pray, request, require, + salute, X straitly, X surely, wish.
NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origina prim. root
Definitionto ask, inquire
NASB Translationask (45), asked (41), asking (5), asks (5), beg (1), begged (1), begs (1), borrow (1), borrowed (1), borrows (1), consult (2), consulting (1), consults (1), dedicated (2), dedicated* (1), demand (1), demanded (1), desired (1), desires (1), earnestly asked (1), earnestly asked leave (1), greet* (5), greeted* (1), inquire (6), inquired (18), inquires (1), making (2), medium* (1), pray (1), questioned (2), questioned particularly (1), request (2), request* (1), requested (7), require (1), required (1), sought (1), surely ask (1).
Brown-Driver-Briggs
(Late Hebrew
id.; Assyrian
ša°âlu, Arabic

, Ethiopic

Sabean
request petition, Hom
Chrest.124 Levy-Os
ZMG xix(1865), 165; Aramaic

, ; Old Aramaic Zinjirli Ldzb
371, Nabataean Hiph`il
lend Id
ib.; — on compare Jastr
JBL xix (1900), 82 ff.); —
Perfect3masculine singularJudges 5:25 +,Judges 8:26 2t.; consecutiveNumbers 27:21; suffix consecutiveGenesis 32:18 (Ges§ 64f), consecutiveJudges 4:20; 1singular suffix1 Samuel 1:20,Judges 13:16; 3plural suffixPsalm 137:3; 2masculine plural1 Samuel 12:13 (strike out Th We Dr and most),Job 21:29, consecutive1 Samuel 25:5, etc.;Imperfect3masculine singularExodus 22:13 + ,etc.;ImperativeIsaiah 7:11 +,Isaiah 45:11 ( < Weir Che and others), etc.;Infinitive absoluteGenesis 43:7 +; constructJudges 1:14 +, etc.;Participle active2 Samuel 3:13 +, feminine singular1 Kings 2:20,22, masculine plural1 Samuel 8:10;passive1 Samuel 1:28;2 Kings 6:5; —
ask, ask for, accusative of thing (or person)Judges 5:25;Judges 8:26;1 Kings 3:10;Psalm 122:6 (= pray for) +;1 Kings 19:4;Jonah 4:8, i. e. pray for death, butJob 31:30demand the life of anotherby a curse; with person1 Kings 2:22 (twice in verse) + ( person reflexive)1 Samuel 12:17,19 +; with personJudges 8:24 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb),Ezra 8:22;Zechariah 10:1+; followed by infinitive1 Kings 3:11; followed by clause1 Kings 3:5 2Chronicles 1:7, compare2 Kings 2:9; with accusative + person1 Samuel 8:10;Psalm 27:4(from ) +; + personIsaiah 7:11 (from ) +; with accusative of person (from whom) + of thingPsalm 137:3; accusative omittedIsaiah 7:12;1 Samuel 12:20;1 Kings 2:20, with personPsalm 2:8; absoluteMicah 7:3;Psalm 105:40 (of prayer);2 Kings 2:10, i.e. thou hast asked for a difficult thing. —1 Samuel 2:20 see
specificallyask as a favour, for temporary use, i.e.borrow (compare , as matter of business, see Bu1Samuel 1:28),Exodus 22:13 (E; accusative of thing + person),2 Kings 4:3 (accusative of thing + of source + person reflexive),2 Kings 6:5 (passive participle absolute); so also (according to many), with accusative of thingExodus 3:22( + person),Exodus 11:2;Exodus 12:35 (both + person; all E), — it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; passive participle1 Samuel 1:28 (lent, granted,)made over to (in effect passive of Hiph`il, q. v.).
,seek, desire (late), with accusative 2 Chronicles 11:23;Ecclesiastes 2:10 (subject );Proverbs 20:4 in harvest heshall look [for a crop],and there shall be none.
inquire of, with accusative of person + before inquiryGenesis 32:18 (E),Genesis 44:19 (J) +; withJudges 4:20, , etc.,Genesis 24:47(J),Jeremiah 37:13; followed by without accusative of personGenesis 32:30 (J), compare1 Samuel 19:22, followed byJoshua 4:6 (JE); with accusative of person + of thingNehemiah 1:2; of thing alone,Ecclesiastes 7:10 ( + , i. e. prompted by wisdom); with accusative of person + of thing (about which)2 Samuel 14:18;Isaiah 45:11 4t.; accusative of person + indirect questionJudges 13:6; with accusative of person only,Judges 8:14;1 Samuel 25:8;Deuteronomy 32:7 +,inquire of beasts (accusative)Job 12:7; with accusative of thing only,Jeremiah 50:5; with person =accusative2 Kings 8:6 (KöSynt. § 289 h); with of thing about whichGenesis 26:7 (J),Genesis 32:30 (J),Judges 13:18;2 Samuel 11:7;Jeremiah 6:16;Job 8:8, also ( + before the inquiry)Genesis 43:7 (J), and (followed by direct question)Deuteronomy 4:32; with person about whom,Genesis 43:27 (J), compare phrase of greeting,Exodus 18:7 (E)ask each for (or about)his fellow as to welfare, compareJudges 18:15;1 Samuel 10:4;1 Samuel 17:22;1 Samuel 25:5;1 Samuel 30:21 [read We Dr HPS Bu]2 Samuel 8:10;Jeremiah 15:5;1 Chronicles 18:10; followed by direct question only,1 Samuel 17:56;Jeremiah 18:13 (with location), followed by indirect question only (c.)Jeremiah 30:6;Genesis 24:57(J); absolutemake inquiryDeuteronomy 13:15 ( + , ).
inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (JastrJBL xix (1900) 88 ff.), followed by accusativeJoshua 9:14 (JE),Isaiah 30:2Isaiah 65:1 ("" ); elsewhere in Hexateuch only (accusative omitted),Numbers 27:21 (P; with person for whom, + instrumental), compareJoshua 19:50; alsoDeuteronomy 18:11 (participle as substantive; JägerBAS ii. 292 compare Assyrianmaššaku ša šâ°ili, i. e.skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, compare JastrJBL xix (1900), 96 ff.); with accusative of human agent1 Samuel 28:16;Jeremiah 38:14,27; usually (ancient usage, chiefly Judges, Samuel) ( perhaps originally local, so GFM, or instrumental),Judges 1:1;Judges 20:23;1 Samuel 23:2;1 Samuel 30:8;2 Samuel 2:1;2 Samuel 5:19 =1 Chronicles 14:10; omitted1 Samuel 10:22 (followed by direct question),1 Samuel 22:10 ( person for whom),1 Samuel 23:4;1 Samuel 28:6;2 Samuel 5:23 =1 Chronicles 14:14;Judges 20:27;Judges 18:5;Judges 20:18;1 Samuel 14:37; (followed by direct question), also ( person for whom),1 Samuel 22:13,15;2 Samuel 16:23; likewiseHosea 4:12 (i.e. his idol),Ezekiel 21:26,1 Chronicles 10:13; perhaps =receive as oracleDeuteronomy 18:16 (, Jastrl.c.
ask for oneself (Ges§ 51e), specificallyask leave of absence, with person:Perfect3masculine singular +Infinitive absolute1 Samuel 20:6 (followed by infinitive),1 Samuel 20:28 (followed by ; ? insert infinitive HPS);Perfect1singularNehemiah 13:6 (absolute).
inquire carefully:Imperfect3masculine plural +
Infinitive absolute2 Samuel 20:18 (Bu proposes
Imperfect ), with location; on following context see We Dr HPS Bu.
beg, practise beggary, ,Perfect3plural (consecutive)Psalm 109:10.
(properlylet oneask [successfully],give, orlend, on request, then)grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request):Perfect1singular suffix1 Samuel 1:28I have made him over to (compare Dr HPS Bu and
Passive participle, ib.); perhaps also read 3 feminine singular1 Samuel 2:20 (whom)she hath made over to (for ) Bu HPS (after . in part; other conjectures in Dr);Imperfect3masculine plural suffix of thingExodus 12:36 (E)and they handed them over.
(see Biblical Hebrew); —
Perfect3masculine singularDaniel 2:10; pluralEzra 5:9,10;Imperfect3masculine singular suffixEzra 7:21;Participle activeDaniel 2:11,27; —
ask for, request, accusative of thingDaniel 2:10 ( person),Daniel 2:11;Daniel 2:27;Ezra 7:21 (suffix person).
inquire about, for, accusative of thingEzra 5:9 ( person); followed by oratio recta [direct speech]Ezra 5:10 (id.).
Topical Lexicon
Overview of the Verb’s ScopeSpanning narrative, legal, poetic, and prophetic literature, שָׁאַל depicts every kind of “asking” in Scripture—from humble prayer to brazen demand, from courteous request to formal diplomatic inquiry. Its frequency (about 173 times) shows how central the act of asking is to covenant life: the covenant people must seek, petition, and depend on the LORD, and they must relate to one another through respectful requests rather than coercion.
Prayer and Petition
1 Samuel opens with Hannah “asking” a son of the LORD (1 Samuel 1:17, 20), and her answered petition sets the tone for how God responds to earnest faith. Solomon embodies the same principle when he “asks” for wisdom: “You have not asked for long life or wealth… but for discernment” (1 Kings 3:11-13).Psalm 2:8 applies the pattern to the Messianic King: “Ask Me, and I will make the nations Your inheritance.” From personal anguish to royal covenants, the root teaches that divine gifts flow through prayerful asking.
Inquiring of the LORD
A specialized use appears in military and leadership contexts, especially with David: “David inquired of the LORD, saying, ‘Shall I go up?’ ” (2 Samuel 5:19). Here שָׁאַל conveys dependence upon revealed guidance rather than human strategy. Prophets likewise command kings to “ask” for confirmation (Isaiah 7:11), demonstrating that genuine faith welcomes God’s word, whereas unbelief refuses to ask (7:12).
Interpersonal Requests and Courtesy
Daily life in Israel was marked by respectful asking. Abraham’s servant “asked” Rebekah’s family for permission (Genesis 24:47), Jonathan “asked” leave of Saul (1 Samuel 20:28), and Ruth “asked” Boaz for gleaning rights (Ruth 2:7). The verb thus sustains social order through consent, highlighting the biblical ethic that love “does not demand its own way” but courteously requests (compare1 Corinthians 13:5).
Borrowing and Lending
InExodus 3:22 and 12:35 Israel “asked” the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold. The same root governs laws of lending (Exodus 22:13-14), reminding God’s people that even economic transactions must respect liberty and dignity. The Exodus usage also illustrates divine reversal: oppressed slaves respectfully ask and receive, displaying the LORD’s favor.
National Demands and the Birth of Monarchy
When Israel “asked” for a king (1 Samuel 8:10; 12:13), the request revealed mixed motives—desire for stability yet rejection of the LORD’s direct rule. The name Saul (שָׁאוּל, “asked for”) memorializes their demand. Samuel’s rebuke shows that asking outside God’s will invites discipline, yet God’s sovereignty transforms even misguided petitions into redemptive history, preparing the line for David and ultimately Messiah.
Wisdom and Rhetorical Inquiry
Proverbs uses the root in reflective questions: “I asked for neither poverty nor riches” (adapted fromProverbs 30:7-9).Ecclesiastes 7:10 cautions, “Do not ask, ‘Why were the former days better than these?’ ” Wisdom literature therefore guides the heart’s inquiries, steering them toward humble contentment.
Prophetic and Eschatological Promises
Zechariah 10:1 calls the remnant, “Ask the LORD for rain,” linking prayer to latter-day blessing.Joel 2 anticipates a time when whoever “calls on the name of the LORD” is saved. The prophetic horizon widens Hannah’s simple request into a universal invitation: those who ask in faith will participate in final restoration.
Christological Fulfillment
Psalm 2:8 finds echo in the risen Christ’s promise, “Whatever you ask in My name, this I will do” (John 14:13). The pattern begun with שָׁאַל culminates in Jesus, who simultaneously models perfect asking (“Father, glorify Your name,”John 12:28) and becomes the One to whom believers direct every petition.
Practical Ministry Implications
• Encourage believers to cultivate specific, faith-filled requests, confident that “the LORD grants the desires of those who fear Him” (Psalm 145:19).
• Teach discernment in asking; motives matter (James 4:3).
• Model inquiry before decision-making, following David’s example.
• Promote a church culture of courteous request, avoiding entitlement.
• Anchor evangelism in the promise ofJoel 2 andRomans 10: “Everyone who calls on the name of the LORD will be saved.”
Key Representative References
Genesis 24:47;Exodus 3:22; 12:35;Deuteronomy 4:32;Judges 18:5;Ruth 2:7;1 Samuel 1:17-28;1 Samuel 8:10;1 Samuel 12:13;2 Samuel 5:19;1 Kings 3:5-14;2 Kings 2:9;Psalm 2:8;Psalm 27:4;Psalm 122:6;Proverbs 30:7-9;Isaiah 7:11-12;Jeremiah 38:14;Zechariah 10:1. Shifting from patriarchs to prophets, kings to commoners, the verb spans the covenant story, calling every generation to ask, seek, and find.
Forms and Transliterations
אֶ֝שְׁאָלְךָ֗ אֶשְׁאֲלָ֤ה אֶשְׁאַ֥ל אלו אלת אלתם אשאל אשאלה אשאלך הֲשָׁאַ֥לְתִּי הִשְׁאִלְתִּ֙הוּ֙ הַשֹּׁאֲלִ֥ים השאלים השאלתהו השאלתי וְ֝אֶשְׁאָלְךָ֗ וְאֶשְׁאָלֵ֖ם וְיִשְׁאֲל֞וּ וְנִשְׁאֲלָ֖ה וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ וְשַֽׁאֲלִי־ וְשַׁאֲל֣וּ ׀ וְשָׁ֥אַל וְשָׁא֥וֹל וְשָׁאֲל֥וּ וְשָׁאֲלָ֨ה וְשָׁאַ֧לְתָּ וְשָׁאַלְתָּ֖ וְשֹׁאֵ֥ל וְשָׁאַ֖ל וִשְׁאֵֽלְךָ֙ וַֽיִּשְׁאֲל֞וּ וַֽיִּשְׁאֲלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֣וּ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֤וּ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּ וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ־ וַיִּשְׁאַ֕ל וַיִּשְׁאַ֖ל וַיִּשְׁאַ֞ל וַיִּשְׁאַ֣ל וַיִּשְׁאַ֤ל וַיִּשְׁאַ֥ל וַיִּשְׁאַ֨ל וַיִּשְׁאַל֩ וַיִּשְׁאַל־ וַיִּשְׁאָלֵ֑הוּ וַיִּשְׁאָלֵ֧הוּ וַיִּשְׁאָלֵ֨הוּ וַיַּשְׁאִל֑וּם וַתִּֽשְׁאַל־ וָאֶשְׁאַ֣ל וָאֶשְׁאָלֵ֞ם וּשְׁאֵלֵ֗ךְ וּשְׁאֶלְתֶּם־ ואשאל ואשאלך ואשאלם וישאל וישאל־ וישאלהו וישאלו וישאלו־ וישאלום ונשאלה ושאול ושאל ושאלה ושאלו ושאלי־ ושאלך ושאלת ושאלתם־ ותשאל־ יְשָׁאֲל֛וּ יִשְׁאַ֥ל יִשְׁאַל־ יִשְׁאָ֔ל יִשְׁאָ֔לוּ יִשְׁאָל֙וּנִי֙ יִשְׁאָל֨וּן יִשְׁאָלְךָ֥ יִשְׁאָלְךָ֩ יִשְׁאָלֽוּנִי׃ ישאל ישאל־ ישאלו ישאלון ישאלוני ישאלוני׃ ישאלך ל֥וֹ ל֨וֹ לִֽשְׁאָל־ לִשְׁא֑וֹל לִשְׁא֤וֹל לִשְׁא֥וֹל לִשְׁאָל־ לִשְׁאֹ֖ל לִשְׁאֹ֣ל לִשְׁאֹ֥ל לִשְׁאָל־ לו לשאול לשאל לשאל־ נִשְׁאַ֥ל נִשְׁאַ֥לְתִּי נִשְׁאַ֨ל נִשְׁאֹ֨ל נִשְׁאֹל֩ נשאל נשאלתי שְֽׁאֵל֪וּנוּ שְׁ֭אֶלְתֶּם שְׁאִלְתִּ֙יהוּ֙ שְׁאִלְתִּֽיו׃ שְׁאֶלְתֶּ֑ם שְׁאַ֖ל שְׁאַ֣ל שְׁאַ֤ל שְׁאַ֨ל שְׁאַל֙ שְׁאַל־ שְׁאָל֔וּנִי שַֽׁאֲלוּ־ שַׁ֭אֲלוּ שַׁאֲל֨וּ שַׁאֲלִ֣י שַׁאֲלִי־ שַׁאֲלוּ־ שָֽׁאֲל֣וּ שָֽׁאַל־ שָׁ֠אַלְתָּ שָׁ֣אֲלוּ שָׁא֖וּל שָׁא֣וֹל שָׁאֲל֖וּ שָׁאַ֔ל שָׁאַ֖ל שָׁאַ֖לְתְּ שָׁאַ֖לְתִּי שָׁאַ֖לְתָּ שָׁאַ֙לְתָּ֙ שָׁאַ֜לְתָּ שָׁאַ֣ל שָׁאַ֣לְתִּי שָׁאַ֤לְתָּ שָׁאַ֥לְתָּ שָׁאַ֨לְתָּ שָׁאָ֑לְתָּ שָׁאָ֑לוּ שָׁאָ֔ל שָׁאָ֔לָה שָׁאָ֔לוּ שָׁאָֽלְתָּ׃ שָׁאָֽל׃ שָׁאָֽלוּ׃ שָׁאֹ֧ל שָׁאֽוּל׃ שֹׁאֵ֔ל שֹׁאֵ֖ל שֹׁאֵ֣ל שֹׁאֵ֨ל שֹׁאֶ֜לֶת שֹׁאֶ֣לֶת שאול שאול׃ שאל שאל־ שאל׃ שאלה שאלו שאלו־ שאלו׃ שאלונו שאלוני שאלי שאלי־ שאלת שאלת׃ שאלתי שאלתיהו שאלתיו׃ שאלתם תִּֽשְׁאָלְךָ֖ תִּשְׁאַ֣ל תִּשְׁאָלֵ֑נִי תשאל תשאלך תשאלני ’ă·lū ’al·tā ’altā ’ălū ’el·tem ’eltem ’eš’al ’eš’ălāh ’eš’āləḵā ’eš·’ă·lāh ’eš·’ā·lə·ḵā ’eš·’al alta alu eltem eshAl eshaLah eshalcha hă·šā·’al·tî haš·šō·’ă·lîm hăšā’altî hashaAlti hashshoaLim haššō’ălîm hiš’iltihū hiš·’il·ti·hū hishilTihu liš’āl- liš’ōl liš’ōwl liš·’āl- liš·’ō·wl liš·’ōl lishol lo lōw niš’al niš’altî niš’ōl niš·’al niš·’al·tî niš·’ōl nishAl nishAlti nishOl šā’al šā’āl šā’al- šā’ālāh šā’ālətā ša’ălî ša’ălî- šā’alt šā’altā šā’altî ša’ălū šā’ălū šā’ālū ša’ălū- šā’ōl šā’ōwl šā’ūl šā·’ā·lāh šā·’ā·lə·tā ša·’ă·lî ša·’ă·lî- ša·’ă·lū šā·’ă·lū šā·’ā·lū ša·’ă·lū- šā·’al šā·’āl šā·’al- šā·’al·tā šā·’al·tî šā·’alt šā·’ō·wl šā·’ōl šā·’ūl šə’al šə’al- šə’ālūnî šə’eltem šə’êlūnū šə’iltîhū šə’iltîw šə·’ā·lū·nî šə·’al šə·’al- šə·’ê·lū·nū šə·’el·tem šə·’il·tî·hū šə·’il·tîw shaal shaAlah shaAleta shaaLi shaAlt shaAlta shaAlti shaAlu shaol shaUl sheal sheaLuni sheelTem sheeLunu sheilTihu sheilTiv shoEl shoElet šō’êl šō’eleṯ šō·’e·leṯ šō·’êl tiš’al tiš’āləḵā tiš’ālênî tiš·’ā·lə·ḵā tiš·’ā·lê·nî tiš·’al tishAl tishaleCha tishaLeni ū·šə·’ê·lêḵ ū·šə·’el·tem- ūšə’êlêḵ ūšə’eltem- usheeLech usheeltem vaeshAl vaeshaLem vaiyashiLum vaiyishAl vaiyishaLehu vaiyishaLu vattishal veeshalcha veeshaLem venishaLah veShaal veshaaLah veshaali veshaalTa veshaaLu veshaol veshiElu veshoEl veyishaLu visheleCha wā’eš’al wā’eš’ālêm wā·’eš·’ā·lêm wā·’eš·’al wat·tiš·’al- wattiš’al- way·yaš·’i·lūm way·yiš·’ā·lê·hū way·yiš·’ă·lū way·yiš·’ă·lū- way·yiš·’al way·yiš·’al- wayyaš’ilūm wayyiš’al wayyiš’al- wayyiš’ālêhū wayyiš’ălū wayyiš’ălū- wə’eš’āləḵā wə’eš’ālêm wə·’eš·’ā·lə·ḵā wə·’eš·’ā·lêm wə·niš·’ă·lāh wə·šā·’ă·lāh wə·ša·’ă·lî- wə·ša·’ă·lū wə·šā·’ă·lū wə·šā·’al wə·šā·’al·tā wə·šā·’ō·wl wə·ši·’ê·lū wə·šō·’êl wə·yiš·’ă·lū wəniš’ălāh wəšā’al wəšā’ălāh wəša’ălî- wəšā’altā wəša’ălū wəšā’ălū wəšā’ōwl wəši’êlū wəšō’êl wəyiš’ălū wiš’êləḵā wiš·’ê·lə·ḵā yə·šā·’ă·lū yəšā’ălū yeshaaLu yiš’al yiš’āl yiš’al- yiš’āləḵā yiš’ālū yiš’ālūn yiš’ālūnî yiš·’ā·lə·ḵā yiš·’ā·lū yiš·’ā·lū·nî yiš·’ā·lūn yiš·’al yiš·’āl yiš·’al- yishAl yishaleCha yishAlu yishaLun yishaLuni
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