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Original Word:צָרַף
Part of Speech:Verb
Transliteration:tsaraph
Pronunciation:tsaw-raf'
Phonetic Spelling:(tsaw-raf')
Definition:To refine, to test, to purify, to smelt
Meaning:to fuse, refine

Word Origin:A primitive root

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: -G1381 (δοκιμάζω - dokimazo): To test, to approve

-G2513 (καθαρός - katharos): Clean, pure

Usage:The Hebrew verb "tsaraph" primarily means to refine or purify, often in the context of metals. It conveys the process of removing impurities through smelting or testing by fire. This term is used metaphorically in the Bible to describe the purification of individuals or groups, often through trials or divine testing, to bring about spiritual growth and moral integrity.

Cultural and Historical Background:In ancient Israel, metallurgy was a well-known craft, and the process of refining metals like gold and silver was a common practice. The imagery of refining by fire was a powerful metaphor for purification and transformation, both physically and spiritually. This process was understood as necessary to achieve purity and value, making it a fitting analogy for God's work in the lives of His people.

Word Origin
a prim. root
Definition
to smelt, refine, test
NASB Translation
goldsmith (5), goldsmiths (2), pure (1), refine (3), refined (5), refiner's (1), refining goes (1), silversmith (2), smelt (1), smelter (2), smith (1), test (2), tested (4), tried (2).

(Late Hebrewid.; Phoeniciansmelter; Assyrianƒurrupu,refined,ƒarpu,silver,naƒraptu,crucible; Arabic ispure, unmixed (especially of wine); comparepure silver, etc., Schulth^{GGA, 1902, 673}; also Zim^{GGA, 1899, 250; KAT 3, 650} (Hebrew, etc., borrowed from Assyrian); very doubtful is Sabeansilver, money, compare Mordtm^{Him. Inschr. pp. 14, 29} CIS^{iv, No. 291, 1.1}); —

Perfect3masculine singularJeremiah 6:29, suffixPsalm 105:19; 2masculine singular suffixPsalm 17:3, etc.;Imperfect1singularIsaiah 1:25, suffixJudges 7:4;Imperative masculine singularPsalm 26:2 Kt, Qr;Infinitive absoluteJeremiah 6:29;constructDaniel 11:35, etc.;Participle active suffixJeremiah 9:6, etc.;pass.Psalm 12:7, etc.; —

smelt, refine:Jeremiah 6:29 (twice in verse)in vain hath he smelted continually (infinitive absolute; figurative of purifying people); sosmelt awayIsaiah 1:25 (accusative of dross; figurative); of silverZechariah 13:9;Psalm 66:10,Psalm 12:7 (all simile); ofPsalm 18:31 =2 Samuel 22:31;Psalm 119:140;Proverbs 30:5 ();refine (men, by trials)Daniel 11:35 (+ , ).

testJudges 7:4I will test them (the warriors)for thee ( subject); — perhaps alsoJudges 7:3 (see I. ); more Generally, of 'stesting, trying (the hearts of) men (often "" )Jeremiah 9:6;Isaiah 48:10;Zechariah 13:9;Psalm 26:2;Psalm 66:10.

test (and prove true) a man (subject s saying)Psalm 105:19.

Participle active as

smelter, refiner, hence =goldsmithJudges 17:4;Jeremiah 10:9,14;Jeremiah 51:17;Isaiah 40:19 (twice in verse) (but perhaps strike out v^b, compare Du Che Marti),Isaiah 41:7;Isaiah 46:6;Proverbs 25:4; as a guildNehemiah 3:8,32.

Imperfect3masculine pluralDaniel 12:10 manyshall be refined (by suffering; + , ).

Participle as

a refiner,Malachi 3:2 (simile of ), compare aloneMalachi 3:3 (+ ).

cast, refiner, founder, goldsmith, melt, pure, purge away, try

A primitive root; to fuse (metal), i.e. Refine (literally or figuratively) -- cast, (re-)fine(-er), founder, goldsmith, melt, pure, purge away, try.

הַצֹּרְפִ֖ים הצרפים וְאֶצְרְפֶ֥נּוּ וְאֶצְרֹ֥ף וְיִצָּֽרְפוּ֙ וְצֹרֵ֖ף וּצְרַפְתִּים֙ ואצרף ואצרפנו ויצרפו וצרף וצרפתים כִּצְרָף־ כִּצְרֹ֣ף כצרף כצרף־ לִצְר֥וֹף לַצֹּרֵ֣ף לַצּוֹרֵ֗ף לצורף לצרוף לצרף מְצָרֵ֔ף מְצָרֵ֤ף מצרף צְ֝רַפְתָּ֗נוּ צְרַפְתִּ֖יךָ צְרַפְתַּ֥נִי צְרָפָֽתְהוּ׃ צְרוּפָ֑ה צְרוּפָ֔ה צְרוּפָ֖ה צָ֭רוּף צָר֔וֹף צָרְפָ֖ה צָרַ֣ף צֹרֵ֔ף צֹרֵ֖ף צֽוֹרְפִ֔ים צוֹרְפָ֖ם צוֹרֵ֑ף צוֹרֵ֖ף צוֹרֵֽף׃ צוֹרֵף֙ צורף צורף׃ צורפים צורפם צרוף צרופה צרף צרפה צרפתהו׃ צרפתיך צרפתנו צרפתני haṣ·ṣō·rə·p̄îm haṣṣōrəp̄îm hatztzoreFim kiṣ·rāp̄- kiṣ·rōp̄ kiṣrāp̄- kiṣrōp̄ kitzrof laṣ·ṣō·rêp̄ laṣ·ṣō·w·rêp̄ laṣṣōrêp̄ laṣṣōwrêp̄ latztzoRef liṣ·rō·wp̄ liṣrōwp̄ litzRof mə·ṣā·rêp̄ məṣārêp̄ metzaRef ṣā·rap̄ ṣā·rə·p̄āh ṣā·rō·wp̄ ṣā·rūp̄ ṣārap̄ ṣārəp̄āh ṣārōwp̄ ṣārūp̄ ṣə·rā·p̄ā·ṯə·hū ṣə·rap̄·ta·nî ṣə·rap̄·tā·nū ṣə·rap̄·tî·ḵā ṣə·rū·p̄āh ṣərāp̄āṯəhū ṣərap̄tanî ṣərap̄tānū ṣərap̄tîḵā ṣərūp̄āh ṣō·rêp̄ ṣō·w·rêp̄ ṣō·wr·p̄ām ṣō·wr·p̄îm ṣōrêp̄ ṣōwrêp̄ ṣōwrp̄ām ṣōwrp̄îm tzaRaf tzareFah tzaRof Tzaruf tzeraFatehu tzerafTani tzerafTanu tzerafTicha tzeruFah tzoRef tzorFam tzorFim ū·ṣə·rap̄·tîm ūṣərap̄tîm utzerafTim veetzreFennu veetzRof vetzoRef veyitztzareFu wə’eṣrəp̄ennū wə’eṣrōp̄ wə·’eṣ·rə·p̄en·nū wə·’eṣ·rōp̄ wə·ṣō·rêp̄ wə·yiṣ·ṣā·rə·p̄ū wəṣōrêp̄ wəyiṣṣārəp̄ūInterlinear Greek •Interlinear Hebrew •Strong's Numbers •Englishman's Greek Concordance •Englishman's Hebrew Concordance •Parallel Texts

Judges 7:4
HEB:אֶל־ הַמַּ֔יִם וְאֶצְרְפֶ֥נּוּ לְךָ֖ שָׁ֑ם
NAS: to the waterand I will test them for you there.
KJV: unto the water,and I will try them for thee there: and it shall be, [that] of whom I say
INT: to the waterwill test there become

Judges 17:4
HEB:כֶּ֜סֶף וַתִּתְּנֵ֣הוּ לַצּוֹרֵ֗ף וַֽיַּעֲשֵׂ֙הוּ֙ פֶּ֣סֶל
NAS: and gavethem to the silversmith who made
KJV: and gavethem to the founder, who made
INT: silver and gaveto the silversmith made A graven

2 Samuel 22:31
HEB:אִמְרַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ צְרוּפָ֔ה מָגֵ֣ן ה֔וּא
NAS: of the LORDis tested; He is a shield
KJV: of the LORD[is] tried: he [is] a buckler
INT: the word of the LORDis tested shield he

Nehemiah 3:8
HEB:בֶּֽן־ חַרְהֲיָה֙ צֽוֹרְפִ֔ים ס וְעַל־
NAS: of Harhaiahof the goldsmiths made
KJV: of Harhaiah,of the goldsmiths. Next unto him
INT: the son of Harhaiahof the goldsmiths unto him

Nehemiah 3:32
HEB:הַצֹּ֔אן הֶחֱזִ֥יקוּ הַצֹּרְפִ֖ים וְהָרֹכְלִֽים׃ פ
NAS: Gatethe goldsmiths and the merchants
KJV: repairedthe goldsmiths and the merchants.
INT: and the Sheep carriedthe goldsmiths and the merchants

Psalm 12:6
HEB:טְהֹ֫ר֥וֹת כֶּ֣סֶף צָ֭רוּף בַּעֲלִ֣יל לָאָ֑רֶץ
NAS: As silvertried in a furnace
KJV: [as] silvertried in a furnace
INT: are pure silvertried A furnace the earth

Psalm 17:3
HEB:פָּ֘קַ֤דְתָּ לַּ֗יְלָה צְרַפְתַּ֥נִי בַל־ תִּמְצָ֑א
NAS: [me] by night;You have tested me and You find
KJV: [me] in the night;thou hast tried me, [and] shalt find
INT: have visited nighthave tested nothing find

Psalm 18:30
HEB:אִמְרַֽת־ יְהוָ֥ה צְרוּפָ֑ה מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא
NAS: of the LORDis tried; He is a shield
KJV: of the LORDis tried: he [is] a buckler
INT: the word of the LORDis tried shield he

Psalm 26:2
HEB:[צְרֹופָה כ] (צָרְפָ֖ה ק) כִלְיוֹתַ֣י
NAS: and tryme; Test my mind
KJV: and proveme; try my reins
INT: LORD and trycast my mind and my heart

Psalm 66:10
HEB:בְחַנְתָּ֥נוּ אֱלֹהִ֑ים צְ֝רַפְתָּ֗נוּ כִּצְרָף־ כָּֽסֶף׃
NAS: us, O God;You have refined us as silver
KJV: hast provedus: thou hast tried us, as silver
INT: have tried Godhave refined is refined silver

Psalm 66:10
HEB:אֱלֹהִ֑ים צְ֝רַפְתָּ֗נוּ כִּצְרָף־ כָּֽסֶף׃
NAS: us as silveris refined.
KJV: us, as silveris tried.
INT: God have refinedis refined silver

Psalm 105:19
HEB:אִמְרַ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה צְרָפָֽתְהוּ׃
NAS: The word of the LORDtested him.
KJV: the word of the LORDtried him.
INT: the word of the LORDtested

Psalm 119:140
HEB: צְרוּפָ֖ה אִמְרָתְךָ֥ מְאֹ֗ד
NAS: is verypure, Therefore Your servant
KJV: [is] verypure: therefore thy servant
INT:pure your word is very

Proverbs 25:4
HEB:מִכָּ֑סֶף וַיֵּצֵ֖א לַצֹּרֵ֣ף כֶּֽלִי׃
NAS: out a vesselfor the smith;
KJV: a vesselfor the finer.
INT: the silver comesthe smith A vessel

Proverbs 30:5
HEB:אִמְרַ֣ת אֱל֣וֹהַּ צְרוּפָ֑ה מָגֵ֥ן ה֝֗וּא
NAS: of Godis tested; He is a shield
KJV: of God[is] pure: he [is] a shield
INT: word of Godis tested shield who

Isaiah 1:25
HEB:יָדִי֙ עָלַ֔יִךְ וְאֶצְרֹ֥ף כַּבֹּ֖ר סִיגָ֑יִךְ
NAS: againstyou, And will smelt away your dross
KJV: upon thee, and purelypurge away thy dross,
INT: my hand againstand will smelt cleanness your dross

Isaiah 40:19
HEB:נָסַ֣ךְ חָרָ֔שׁ וְצֹרֵ֖ף בַּזָּהָ֣ב יְרַקְּעֶ֑נּוּ
NAS: castsit, A goldsmith plates
KJV: a graven image,and the goldsmith spreadeth
INT: casts A craftsmanA goldsmith gold plates

Isaiah 40:19
HEB:וּרְתֻק֥וֹת כֶּ֖סֶף צוֹרֵֽף׃
NAS: it with gold,And a silversmith [fashions] chains
KJV: it over with gold,and casteth silver
INT: chains of silversilversmith

Isaiah 41:7
HEB:חָרָשׁ֙ אֶת־ צֹרֵ֔ף מַחֲלִ֥יק פַּטִּ֖ישׁ
NAS: encouragesthe smelter, [And] he who smooths
KJV: encouragedthe goldsmith, [and] he that smootheth
INT: encourages the craftsmanthe smelter smooths the hammer

Isaiah 46:6
HEB:יִשְׁקֹ֑לוּ יִשְׂכְּר֤וּ צוֹרֵף֙ וְיַעֲשֵׂ֣הוּ אֵ֔ל
NAS: Hirea goldsmith, and he makes
KJV: [and] hirea goldsmith; and he maketh
INT: and weigh HireA goldsmith makes it a god

Isaiah 48:10
HEB: הִנֵּ֥ה צְרַפְתִּ֖יךָ וְלֹ֣א בְכָ֑סֶף
NAS: Behold,I have refined you, but not as silver;
KJV:Behold, I have refined thee, but not with silver;
INT: Beholdhave refined as silver

Jeremiah 6:29
HEB:עֹפָ֑רֶת לַשָּׁוְא֙ צָרַ֣ף צָר֔וֹף וְרָעִ֖ים
NAS: In vainthe refining goes
KJV: of the fire;the founder melteth
INT: the lead vainthe refining goes the wicked

Jeremiah 6:29
HEB:לַשָּׁוְא֙ צָרַ֣ף צָר֔וֹף וְרָעִ֖ים לֹ֥א
NAS: the refininggoes on, But the wicked
KJV: the foundermelteth in vain:
INT: vain the refininggoes the wicked are not

Jeremiah 9:7
HEB:צְבָא֔וֹת הִנְנִ֥י צוֹרְפָ֖ם וּבְחַנְתִּ֑ים כִּֽי־
NAS: Behold,I will refine them and assay
KJV: of hosts,Behold, I will melt them, and try
INT: of hosts beholdwill refine and assay For

Jeremiah 10:9
HEB:חָרָ֖שׁ וִידֵ֣י צוֹרֵ֑ף תְּכֵ֤לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן֙
NAS: and of the handsof a goldsmith; Violet
KJV: and of the handsof the founder: blue
INT: of a craftsman the handsof a goldsmith Violet and purple

33 Occurrences

Strong's Hebrew 6884
33 Occurrences

haṣ·ṣō·rə·p̄îm — 1 Occ.
kiṣ·rāp̄- — 2 Occ.
laṣ·ṣō·w·rêp̄ — 2 Occ.
liṣ·rō·wp̄ — 1 Occ.
mə·ṣā·rêp̄ — 2 Occ.
ṣā·rap̄ — 1 Occ.
ṣā·rə·p̄āh — 1 Occ.
ṣā·rō·wp̄ — 1 Occ.
ṣā·rūp̄ — 1 Occ.
ṣə·rā·p̄ā·ṯə·hū — 1 Occ.
ṣə·rap̄·ta·nî — 1 Occ.
ṣə·rap̄·tā·nū — 1 Occ.
ṣə·rap̄·tî·ḵā — 1 Occ.
ṣə·rū·p̄āh — 4 Occ.
ṣō·w·rêp̄ — 6 Occ.
ṣō·wr·p̄ām — 1 Occ.
ṣō·wr·p̄îm — 1 Occ.
ū·ṣə·rap̄·tîm — 1 Occ.
wə·’eṣ·rə·p̄en·nū — 1 Occ.
wə·’eṣ·rōp̄ — 1 Occ.
wə·ṣō·rêp̄ — 1 Occ.
wə·yiṣ·ṣā·rə·p̄ū — 1 Occ.