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Original Word:כֶּרֶם
Part of Speech:Noun Masculine
Transliteration:kerem
Pronunciation:keh'-rem
Phonetic Spelling:(keh'-rem)
KJV: vines, (increase of the) vineyard(-s), vintage See also H1021
NASB:vineyard, vineyards
Word Origin:[from an unused root of uncertain meaning]

1. a garden or vineyard

vines, increase of the vineyards, vintage

From an unused root of uncertain meaning; a garden or vineyard -- vines, (increase of the) vineyard(-s), vintage. See alsoBeyth hak-Kerem.

see HEBREWBeyth hak-Kerem

Word Origin
of uncertain derivation
Definition
a vineyard
NASB Translation
vineyard (47), vineyards (45).

₉₂^{Deuteronomy 28:30} (^{Isaiah 27:2}) (Late Hebrewid.; Aramaic Zinjirli DHM^Sendsch.58; Arabic,vine; Ethiopicvine; Jen^{ZA vii. (1892), 217} compare AssyrianKarânu,vine; — etymology dubious; Thes and others compare Arabicnoble, Generous, fertile, but precarious); — absoluteExodus 22:4 +,Genesis 9:20 +; construct1 Kings 21:7 +; suffixIsaiah 5:3 +,Exodus 23:11 +, etc.; pluralJoshua 24:13 +; constructAmos 5:1 2t.; suffixNehemiah 5:3 3t.;Amos 4:9 2t., etc., —vineyardGenesis 9:20 (J),1 Kings 21:1 9t.1 Kings 21;Songs 2:15 (twice in verse) +; so evenJudges 15:5 (where read compare GFM, who however doubts Genuineness); +Exodus 23:11 (E) and often (V. ); +Exodus 22:4;Exodus 22:5 (E), and often; figurative of Israel under s. careIsaiah 5:1ff., compareIsaiah 3:14;Jeremiah 12:10; figurative of Shulamite's complexionSongs 1:6, of her heartSongs 8:12. — Vbs. governing are: —Genesis 9:20;Amos 5:11 16t., compareMicah 1:6;Deuteronomy 22:9 (c. 2 accusative); =begin to use fruit of,Deuteronomy 20:6 (twice in verse);Deuteronomy 28:30;Jeremiah 31:5;prune,Leviticus 25:3,4;gather, harvest (literallycut off, i.e. grapes,Leviticus 25:5,11),Deuteronomy 24:21;Judges 9:27, compareJob 24:6;glean,Leviticus 19:10;Deuteronomy 24:21;Joshua 24:13 (usually 'eatfruit of'Isaiah 65:21, etc.); locustsdevourAmos 4:9 (si vera lectio) On

see II.

; .

Overview of Usage

The Hebrew noun כֶּרֶם appears about ninety-three times across the Old Testament and is consistently rendered “vineyard” in English versions. The word evokes more than an agricultural plot; it is a settler’s livelihood, a sign of covenant prosperity, an arena for legal obedience, and a canvas for prophetic parable.

Agricultural and Economic Significance

A vineyard represented slow, patient investment. Unlike grain that yields in months, vines require several years before bearing fruit (compareLeviticus 19:23-24). Consequently, ownership of a כֶּרֶם implied permanence in the land and confidence in God’s future provision (Deuteronomy 6:10-11; 8:7-10). Grapes supplied fresh fruit, raisins, vinegar, and—most importantly—wine, a staple of Israel’s diet and worship (Genesis 14:18;Exodus 29:40). Thus, the vineyard often appears alongside “grain and oil” as shorthand for economic well-being (Hosea 2:8;Joel 2:19).

Legal and Social Regulations

The Mosaic Law repeatedly safeguards the vineyard:

• Firstfruits of the vintage belonged to the LORD (Exodus 22:29).
• The poor, the stranger, the fatherless, and the widow could glean remaining clusters (Leviticus 19:10;Deuteronomy 24:21).
• Vineyards rested every seventh year (Leviticus 25:4-5).
• A newly engaged man was exempt from warfare so he might “not die in battle and another man dedicate his vineyard” (Deuteronomy 20:6).

These commands intertwine piety with social justice, reminding Israel that both land and produce were gifts entrusted to covenant stewards.

Symbolism in Blessing and Judgment

Blessing: Abundance of vineyards signifies divine favor. “Every man will sit under his vine and under his fig tree, with no one to frighten him” (Micah 4:4). Peaceful possession of one’s כֶּרֶם depicts eschatological shalom.

Judgment: The removal, trampling, or barrenness of vineyards signals covenant curse. “Your ox will be slaughtered before your eyes… You will plant and cultivate vineyards, but you will neither drink the wine nor gather the grapes” (Deuteronomy 28:31-39). Assyrian and Babylonian incursions fulfilled these warnings (Isaiah 5:5-6;Jeremiah 12:10).

Prophetic and Messianic Overtones

Isaiah’s “Song of the Vineyard” (Isaiah 5:1-7) employs the כֶּרֶם to indict Judah’s fruitless religion—an image Christ later adapts in the Parable of the Wicked Tenants (Matthew 21:33-41). Prophets also promise restoration: “Again you will plant vineyards on the mountains of Samaria; the planters will plant and enjoy the fruit” (Jeremiah 31:5). Amos links the Davidic hope to viticultural bounty: “They will plant vineyards and drink their wine” (Amos 9:14).

Worship and Festal Association

Wine from the vineyard accompanies national festivals (Deuteronomy 16:13-15) and daily offerings (Numbers 28:7). The Passover cup recalls redemption through shed blood, a motif Christ fulfills in the New Covenant meal (Luke 22:17-20).

Key Old Testament Clusters

Pentateuch:Genesis 9:20;Numbers 16:14;Deuteronomy 23:24

Historical Books:Judges 14:5;1 Kings 21 (Naboth’s vineyard);2 Kings 19:29

Wisdom Literature:Proverbs 24:30-34; Song of Songs 2:15

Major Prophets:Isaiah 1:8;Jeremiah 6:9

Minor Prophets:Hosea 2:15;Zephaniah 1:13

Ministry Implications

Discipleship: Like a vine, spiritual fruit requires cultivation, pruning, and time (John 15:1-8 echoes Old Testament vineyard theology).

Stewardship: The legal provisions surrounding כֶּרֶם instruct believers to balance legitimate enjoyment of God’s gifts with generosity toward the marginalized.

Preaching:Isaiah 5,Psalm 80, andMatthew 21 knit together a canonical theme—God plants, expects fruit, disciplines unfaithfulness, and ultimately secures a fruitful harvest through His Son.

Notable Passages for Study and Teaching

Genesis 9:20 – The first post-Flood vineyard and human weakness.

Isaiah 5:1-7 – The classic vineyard parable of judgment.

Proverbs 31:16 – The industrious wife “considers a field and buys it; from her earnings she plants a vineyard.”

Song of Songs 8:11-12 – Covenant love symbolized in vineyard imagery.

Amos 5:11 – Social injustice forfeits vineyard enjoyment.

Micah 4:4 – Messianic peace pictured under one’s own vine.

Conclusion

כֶּרֶם weaves through Scripture as a living parable of covenant relationship: planted by divine grace, guarded by righteous law, yet too often yielding wild grapes of rebellion. The prophets anticipate, and the Gospel confirms, the day when the Lord’s vineyard will stand secure, bursting with the new wine of the Kingdom.

בְּכֶ֣רֶם בְּכַרְמֵ֖י בְכָ֑רֶם בַּכְּרָמִֽים׃ בכרם בכרמי בכרמים׃ הַ֨כְּרָמִ֔ים הַכְּרָמִ֑ים הַכְּרָמִ֔ים הַכֶּ֔רֶם הַכֶּ֖רֶם הַכָּֽרֶם׃ הכרם הכרם׃ הכרמים וְכֶ֖רֶם וְכֶ֣רֶם וְכֶ֧רֶם וְכַרְמְךָ֖ וְכַרְמְךָ֙ וְכַרְמֵיכֶ֖ם וְכַרְמֵיכֶ֛ם וָכָ֑רֶם וּבְכֶ֔רֶם וּבַכְּרָמִ֥ים וּכְרָמִ֔ים וּכְרָמִ֖ים וּכְרָמִ֗ים וּכְרָמִֽים׃ וּכְרָמִים֙ וּכְרָמֵ֖ינוּ וּכְרָמֵ֥ינוּ וּכְרָמֵֽינוּ׃ ובכרם ובכרמים וכרם וכרמיכם וכרמים וכרמים׃ וכרמינו וכרמינו׃ וכרמך כְּרָמִ֑ים כְּרָמִ֔ים כְּרָמִ֖ים כְּרָמִ֤ים כְּרָמִ֥ים כְּרָמִ֧ים כְּרָמִֽים׃ כְּרָמֶ֙יהָ֙ כְרָמִ֑ים כְרָמִ֔ים כְרָמִ֖ים כֶ֔רֶם כֶ֖רֶם כֶ֜רֶם כֶּ֖רֶם כֶּ֙רֶם֙ כֶּ֛רֶם כֶּ֝֗רֶם כֶּ֣רֶם כֶּ֣רֶם ׀ כֶּ֥רֶם כֶּ֧רֶם כַּרְמ֖וֹ כַּרְמְךָ֔ כַּרְמְךָ֖ כַּרְמְךָ֙ כַּרְמְךָ֜ כַּרְמִ֥י כַּרְמִֽי׃ כַּרְמֵ֣י כַּרְמֵי־ כַּרְמֵיהֶ֥ם כַּרְמֵיהֶם֙ כַּרְמֵיכֶ֧ם כַּרְמֶ֑ךָ כַרְמִ֔י כָ֑רֶם כָּֽרֶם׃ כרם כרם׃ כרמו כרמי כרמי־ כרמי׃ כרמיה כרמיהם כרמיכם כרמים כרמים׃ כרמך לְכַרְמ֑וֹ לְכַרְמְךָ֖ לְכַרְמִ֑י לְכַרְמִ֔י לַכְּרָמִ֔ים לכרמו לכרמי לכרמים לכרמך שֶׁבַּכְּרָמִים֙ שבכרמים bak·kə·rā·mîm bakkeraMim bakkərāmîm ḇə·ḵā·rem bə·ḵar·mê bə·ḵe·rem becharMei beCherem ḇəḵārem bəḵarmê bəḵerem Charem charMi cheraMim Cherem hak·kā·rem hak·kə·rā·mîm hak·ke·rem hakKarem hakkārem hakkeraMim hakkərāmîm hakkerem kā·rem ḵā·rem kar·mê kar·mê- kar·mê·hem kar·me·ḵā kar·mə·ḵā kar·mê·ḵem kar·mî ḵar·mî kar·mōw Karem kārem ḵārem karmê karmê- karmeCha karmêhem karMei karmeiChem karmeiHem karmeḵā karməḵā karmêḵem karMi karmî ḵarmî karMo karmōw kə·rā·me·hā kə·rā·mîm ḵə·rā·mîm ke·rem ḵe·rem kərāmehā keraMeiha keraMim kərāmîm ḵərāmîm kerem ḵerem lak·kə·rā·mîm lakkeraMim lakkərāmîm lə·ḵar·mə·ḵā lə·ḵar·mî lə·ḵar·mōw lecharmeCha lecharMi lecharMo ləḵarməḵā ləḵarmî ləḵarmōw šeb·bak·kə·rā·mîm šebbakkərāmîm shebbakkeraMim ū·ḇak·kə·rā·mîm ū·ḇə·ḵe·rem ū·ḵə·rā·mê·nū ū·ḵə·rā·mîm ūḇakkərāmîm ūḇəḵerem ucheraMeinu ucheraMim ūḵərāmênū ūḵərāmîm uvakkeraMim uveCherem vaCharem veCharem vecharmeCha vecharmeiChem veCherem wā·ḵā·rem wāḵārem wə·ḵar·mə·ḵā wə·ḵar·mê·ḵem wə·ḵe·rem wəḵarməḵā wəḵarmêḵem wəḵeremInterlinear Greek •Interlinear Hebrew •Strong's Numbers •Englishman's Greek Concordance •Englishman's Hebrew Concordance •Parallel Texts

Genesis 9:20
HEB:הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה וַיִּטַּ֖ע כָּֽרֶם׃
NAS: farming and planteda vineyard.
KJV: and he planteda vineyard:
INT: land and plantedA vineyard

Exodus 22:5
HEB:שָׂדֶ֣ה אוֹ־ כֶ֔רֶם וְשִׁלַּח֙ אֶת־
NAS: orvineyard be grazed
KJV: shall cause a fieldor vineyard to be eaten,
INT: A field orvineyard and lets beast

Exodus 22:5
HEB:שָׂדֵ֛הוּ וּמֵיטַ֥ב כַּרְמ֖וֹ יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ ס
NAS: and the bestof his own vineyard.
KJV: and of the bestof his own vineyard, shall he make restitution.
INT: field and the bestvineyard shall make

Exodus 23:11
HEB:כֵּֽן־ תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה לְכַרְמְךָ֖ לְזֵיתֶֽךָ׃
NAS: the samewith your vineyard [and] your olive grove.
KJV: In like manner thou shalt dealwith thy vineyard, [and] with thy oliveyard.
INT: the same doyour vineyard your olive

Leviticus 19:10
HEB: וְכַרְמְךָ֙ לֹ֣א תְעוֹלֵ֔ל
NAS: shall you gleanyour vineyard, nor
KJV: And thou shalt not gleanthy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather
INT:your vineyard Nor glean

Leviticus 19:10
HEB:תְעוֹלֵ֔ל וּפֶ֥רֶט כַּרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְלַקֵּ֑ט
NAS: the fallen fruitof your vineyard; you shall leave
KJV: [every] grapeof thy vineyard; thou shalt leave
INT: glean the fallenof your vineyard nor gather

Leviticus 25:3
HEB:שָׁנִ֖ים תִּזְמֹ֣ר כַּרְמֶ֑ךָ וְאָסַפְתָּ֖ אֶת־
NAS: you shall pruneyour vineyard and gather
KJV: thou shalt prunethy vineyard, and gather
INT: years shall pruneyour vineyard and gather crop

Leviticus 25:4
HEB:לֹ֣א תִזְרָ֔ע וְכַרְמְךָ֖ לֹ֥א תִזְמֹֽר׃
NAS: nor pruneyour vineyard.
KJV: thy field, nor prunethy vineyard.
INT: nor sowyour vineyard nor prune

Numbers 16:14
HEB:נַחֲלַ֖ת שָׂדֶ֣ה וָכָ֑רֶם הַעֵינֵ֞י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים
NAS: of fieldsand vineyards. Would you put
KJV: of fieldsand vineyards: wilt thou put out
INT: an inheritance of fieldsand vineyards the eyes of

Numbers 20:17
HEB:נַעֲבֹר֙ בְּשָׂדֶ֣ה וּבְכֶ֔רֶם וְלֹ֥א נִשְׁתֶּ֖ה
NAS: fieldor through vineyard; we will not even drink
KJV: through the fields,or through the vineyards, neither will we drink
INT: pass fieldvineyard even drink

Numbers 21:22
HEB:נִטֶּה֙ בְּשָׂדֶ֣ה וּבְכֶ֔רֶם לֹ֥א נִשְׁתֶּ֖ה
NAS: off into fieldor vineyard; we will not drink
KJV: into the fields,or into the vineyards; we will not drink
INT: turn fieldvineyard we will not drink

Numbers 22:24
HEB:יְהוָ֔ה בְּמִשְׁע֖וֹל הַכְּרָמִ֑ים גָּדֵ֥ר מִזֶּ֖ה
NAS: in a narrow pathof the vineyards, [with] a wall
KJV: in a pathof the vineyards, a wall
INT: of the LORD A narrowof the vineyards a wall this

Deuteronomy 6:11
HEB:לֹא־ חָצַ֔בְתָּ כְּרָמִ֥ים וְזֵיתִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר
NAS: you did not dig,vineyards and olive trees
KJV: which thou diggedstnot, vineyards and olive trees,
INT: did not digvineyards and olive which

Deuteronomy 20:6
HEB:אֲשֶׁר־ נָטַ֥ע כֶּ֙רֶם֙ וְלֹ֣א חִלְּל֔וֹ
NAS: that has planteda vineyard and has not begun
KJV: [is he] that hath planteda vineyard, and hath not [yet] eaten
INT: that plantedA vineyard not begun

Deuteronomy 22:9
HEB:לֹא־ תִזְרַ֥ע כַּרְמְךָ֖ כִּלְאָ֑יִם פֶּן־
NAS: You shall not sowyour vineyard with two kinds
KJV: Thou shalt not sowthy vineyard with divers seeds:
INT: shall not sowyour vineyard two or

Deuteronomy 22:9
HEB:תִּזְרָ֔ע וּתְבוּאַ֖ת הַכָּֽרֶם׃ ס
NAS: and the increaseof the vineyard will become defiled.
KJV: and the fruitof thy vineyard, be defiled.
INT: have sown and the increaseof the vineyard

Deuteronomy 23:24
HEB:כִּ֤י תָבֹא֙ בְּכֶ֣רֶם רֵעֶ֔ךָ וְאָכַלְתָּ֧
NAS: your neighbor'svineyard, then you may eat
KJV: into thy neighbour'svineyard, then thou mayest eat
INT: When entervineyard your neighbor's may eat

Deuteronomy 24:21
HEB:כִּ֤י תִבְצֹר֙ כַּרְמְךָ֔ לֹ֥א תְעוֹלֵ֖ל
NAS: you gatherthe grapes of your vineyard, you shall not go over
KJV: When thou gatherestthe grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean
INT: When gatherof your vineyard shall not go

Deuteronomy 28:30
HEB:תֵשֵׁ֣ב בּ֑וֹ כֶּ֥רֶם תִּטַּ֖ע וְלֹ֥א
NAS: in it; you shall planta vineyard, but you will not use its fruit.
KJV: therein: thou shalt planta vineyard, and shalt not gather the grapes
INT: you will not liveA vineyard shall plant you will not

Deuteronomy 28:39
HEB: כְּרָמִ֥ים תִּטַּ֖ע וְעָבָ֑דְתָּ
NAS: and cultivatevineyards, but you will neither
KJV: Thou shalt plantvineyards, and dress
INT:vineyards shall plant and cultivate

Joshua 24:13
HEB:וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם כְּרָמִ֤ים וְזֵיתִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר
NAS: in them; you are eatingof vineyards and olive groves
KJV: not, and ye dwellin them; of the vineyards and oliveyards
INT: built have livedof vineyards and olive which

Judges 9:27
HEB:וַֽיִּבְצְר֤וּ אֶת־ כַּרְמֵיהֶם֙ וַֽיִּדְרְכ֔וּ וַֽיַּעֲשׂ֖וּ
NAS: and gathered[the grapes of] their vineyards and trod
KJV: and gatheredtheir vineyards, and trode
INT: the field and gatheredtheir vineyards and trod and held

Judges 11:33
HEB:וְעַד֙ אָבֵ֣ל כְּרָמִ֔ים מַכָּ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֣ה
KJV: and unto the plainof the vineyards, with a very
INT: far the plainvines slaughter great

Judges 14:5
HEB:וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ עַד־ כַּרְמֵ֣י תִמְנָ֔תָה וְהִנֵּה֙
NAS: as faras the vineyards of Timnah;
KJV: and cameto the vineyards of Timnath:
INT: and came faras the vineyards of Timnah and behold

Judges 15:5
HEB:קָמָ֖ה וְעַד־ כֶּ֥רֶם זָֽיִת׃
NAS: alongwith the vineyards [and] groves.
KJV: and also the standing corn,with the vineyards [and] olives.
INT: grain alongthe vineyards groves

93 Occurrences

Strong's Hebrew 3754
93 Occurrences

bak·kə·rā·mîm — 1 Occ.
bə·ḵar·mê — 1 Occ.
bə·ḵe·rem — 2 Occ.
ḵā·rem — 1 Occ.
ḵar·mî — 1 Occ.
ḵə·rā·mîm — 8 Occ.
ḵe·rem — 4 Occ.
hak·kā·rem — 1 Occ.
hak·kə·rā·mîm — 4 Occ.
hak·ke·rem — 2 Occ.
kā·rem — 2 Occ.
kar·mə·ḵā — 6 Occ.
kar·mê — 2 Occ.
kar·mê·ḵem — 1 Occ.
kar·mê·hem — 2 Occ.
kar·mî — 4 Occ.
kar·mōw — 1 Occ.
kə·rā·me·hā — 1 Occ.
kə·rā·mîm — 10 Occ.
ke·rem — 12 Occ.
lak·kə·rā·mîm — 1 Occ.
lə·ḵar·mə·ḵā — 1 Occ.
lə·ḵar·mî — 2 Occ.
lə·ḵar·mōw — 1 Occ.
šeb·bak·kə·rā·mîm — 1 Occ.
ū·ḵə·rā·mê·nū — 4 Occ.
ū·ḵə·rā·mîm — 5 Occ.
ū·ḇak·kə·rā·mîm — 1 Occ.
ū·ḇə·ḵe·rem — 2 Occ.
wā·ḵā·rem — 1 Occ.
ḇə·ḵā·rem — 1 Occ.
wə·ḵar·mə·ḵā — 2 Occ.
wə·ḵar·mê·ḵem — 2 Occ.
wə·ḵe·rem — 3 Occ.