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The Covenant of the Rainbow
…5And surely I will require the life of any man or beast by whose hand your lifeblood is shed. I will demand an accounting from anyone who takes the life of his fellow man:6Whoever shedsthe bloodof man,by manhis bloodwill be shed;forin His ownimageGod has mademankind.7But as for you, be fruitful and multiply; spread out across the earth and multiply upon it.”…

Treasury of Scripture

Whoever sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man.

by.

Exodus 21:12-14
He that smiteth a man, so that he die, shall be surely put to death…

Exodus 22:2,3
If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die,there shall no bloodbe shed for him…

Leviticus 17:4
And bringeth it not unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, to offer an offering unto the LORD before the tabernacle of the LORD; blood shall be imputed unto that man; he hath shed blood; and that man shall be cut off from among his people:

in.

Genesis 1:26,27
And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth…

Genesis 5:1
Thisis the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made he him;

Psalm 51:4
Against thee, thee only, have I sinned, and donethis evil in thy sight: that thou mightest be justified when thou speakest,and be clear when thou judgest.

BloodImageLifeShedSheddethShedsBloodImageLifeShedSheddethSheds1.God blesses Noah and his sons, and grants them flesh for food.
4.Blood and murder are forbidden.
8.God's covenant, of which the rainbow was constituted a pledge.
18.Noah's family replenishes the world.
20.Noah plants a vineyard,
21.Is drunken, and mocked by his son;
25.Curses Canaan;
26.Blesses Shem;
27.Prays for Japheth, and dies.

Whoever sheds the blood of man
This phrase establishes the principle of the sanctity of human life. The shedding of blood refers to murder, an act that violates the divine order. The context is post-flood, where God is re-establishing His covenant with Noah and setting forth laws for humanity. This principle is foundational for the establishment of human justice systems and reflects the seriousness of taking a life, as seen in the Mosaic Law (Exodus 20:13).

by man his blood will be shed;
This introduces the concept of human responsibility in executing justice. It implies the establishment of human governance and the authority to administer capital punishment. This reflects the idea of retributive justice, which is echoed in the law of "an eye for an eye" (Exodus 21:23-25). It underscores the role of human institutions in maintaining order and justice, a theme that is further developed in the New Testament (Romans 13:1-4).

for in His own image God has made mankind.
This phrase highlights the theological basis for the sanctity of life: humans are made in the image of God (Imago Dei). This concept, first introduced inGenesis 1:27, affirms the inherent dignity and worth of every person. It serves as a reminder of humanity's unique role in creation and the moral responsibilities that come with it. The image of God in humanity is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, pointing to the ultimate restoration of this image through Jesus Christ (Colossians 3:10).

1.God
The divine lawgiver who establishes the covenant with Noah and humanity, emphasizing the sanctity of human life.

2.Noah
The recipient of God's covenant, representing humanity post-flood, tasked with repopulating and stewarding the earth.

3.Mankind
Created in the image of God, highlighting the inherent value and dignity of human life.

4.The Flood
A significant event preceding this command, where God judged the earth for its violence and corruption.

5.Covenant
The divine promise and set of instructions given to Noah, establishing a new order for humanity.Sanctity of Human Life
Human life is sacred because it is made in the image of God. This principle should guide our respect for others and our stance on issues like abortion, euthanasia, and capital punishment.

Justice and Accountability
The verse establishes a principle of justice, where wrongdoing, particularly murder, requires accountability. This underscores the importance of a just legal system that upholds the value of life.

Image of God
Recognizing that all people are made in God's image should influence how we treat others, promoting dignity, respect, and love in our interactions.

Role of Government
The passage implies a role for human governance in maintaining justice, suggesting that Christians should engage with and support systems that uphold righteousness and protect life.

Heart Attitude
While the verse addresses the act of murder, Jesus' teaching in the New Testament calls us to examine our hearts, avoiding hatred and anger that can lead to violence.1.What is the meaning of Genesis 9:6?

2.How does Genesis 9:6 emphasize the sanctity of human life today?

3.What does "in His own image" reveal about God's view of humanity?

4.How does Genesis 9:6 connect to the commandment "You shall not murder"?

5.How should Genesis 9:6 influence our attitudes toward justice and punishment?

6.In what ways can we uphold the value of life in our communities?

7.How does Genesis 9:6 justify capital punishment in a modern context?

8.Does Genesis 9:6 imply that all human life is sacred?

9.How does Genesis 9:6 relate to the concept of justice in the Bible?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Genesis 9?

11.What is a chiastic structure in the Bible?

12.If life is sacred, why did God kill people for minor offenses (e.g., Uzzah touching the Ark, 2 Samuel 6:7)?

13.What does bloodguilt mean?

14.What does the Bible say about abuse?Whoever sheds the blood of man

• This opening clause states a universal principle: if a person intentionally takes an innocent human life, that act is murder (cf.Genesis 4:8-11,Exodus 20:13).

• The statement is addressed to all humanity, not just Israel; it follows Noah’s family stepping off the ark and therefore applies to every nation that would descend from them (Genesis 9:1, 7).

• By singling out “blood,” the verse underscores the sacredness of life itself (Leviticus 17:11), reminding us that life is not ours to dispose of at will.

• Jesus later affirms the seriousness of bloodshed, warning that “all who draw the sword will die by the sword” (Matthew 26:52).

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by man his blood will be shed

• God delegates the responsibility for justice to human beings—specifically to orderly, civil authority (Romans 13:3-4).

• This is not personal revenge; it is society acting under God-given authority to impose a penalty that fits the crime (Numbers 35:30-34).

• The principle underlies later Mosaic legislation about cities of refuge and testimony requirements (Deuteronomy 19:11-13).

• The apostle Paul recognized such authority when he said, “If I am guilty of doing anything deserving death, I do not refuse to die” (Acts 25:11).

• Capital punishment, instituted here, serves both justice and deterrence, affirming that murder is an assault on God Himself through His image-bearers.

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for in His own image God has made mankind

• The rationale for the penalty ties directly to creation: every human bears God’s image (Genesis 1:26-27).

• Because each person reflects the Creator, to murder is to strike at God’s likeness, an offense of highest magnitude (James 3:9-10).

• This truth elevates human life above all other created life (Psalm 8:4-5) and anchors the doctrine of the sanctity of life from womb to old age.

• The image of God remains after the Fall and after the Flood; therefore, moral accountability endures for all peoples and times.

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summary

Genesis 9:6 establishes a timeless, universal standard: because every human being is made in God’s image, the willful shedding of innocent blood requires the most serious earthly penalty, administered by rightful human authority. The verse upholds the sanctity of life, inaugurates civil justice, and reminds us that to harm another person is to affront the Creator whose likeness that person bears.

(6)By man . . . --This penalty of life for life is not to be left to natural law, but man himself, in such a manner and under such safeguards as the civil law in each country shall order, is to execute the Divine command. And thus protected from violence, both of man and beast, and with all such terrible crimes for bidden as had polluted Adam's beginning, Noah in peace and security is to commence afresh man's great work upon earth.

Verse 6. -Whoso sheddeth. Literally, heshedding, i.e. willfully and unwarrantably; and not simplyaccidentally, for which kind of manslaughter the law afterwards provided (videNumbers 35:11);or judicially, for that is commanded by the present statute.Man's blood. Literally,blood of the man, human blood.By man. Not openly and directly by God, but by man himself, acting of course as God's instrument and agent - an instruction which involved the setting up of the magisterial office, by whom the sword might be borne ("Hic igitur fens est, ex quo manat totum jus civile etjus gentium." - Luther. Cf.Numbers 35:29-31;Romans 13:4), and equally laid a basis for the law of thegoel subsequently established in Israel (Deuteronomy 19:6;Joshua 20:3). The Chaldee paraphrases, "with witnesses by sentence of the judges." The LXX. substitutes for "by man"ἀντὶ τοῦ αἵματοςαὐτοῦ ( an interpretation followed by Professor Lewis, who quotes Jona ben Gannach in its support,Shall. Not merely a permission legalizing, but an imperative command enjoining, capital punishment, the reason for which follows.For in the image of God made he man. To apply this to the magistracy (Bush, Murphy, Keil), who are sometimes in Scripture styled Elohim (Psalm 82:6), and the ministers of God (Romans 13:4), and who may be said to have been made in the Divine image in the sense of being endowed with the capacity of ruling and judging, seems forced and unnatural; the clause obviously assigns the original dignity of man (cf.Genesis 1:28) as the reason why the murderer cannot be suffered to escape (Calvin, Poole, Alford, 'Speaker's Commentary,' Candlish, Lange)

Parallel Commentaries ...


Whoever sheds
שֹׁפֵךְ֙(šō·p̄êḵ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular construct
Strong's 8210:To spill forth, to expend, to sprawl out

the blood
דַּ֣ם(dam)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1818:Blood, of man, an animal, the juice of the grape, bloodshed

of man,
הָֽאָדָ֔ם(hā·’ā·ḏām)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 120:Ruddy, a human being

by man
בָּֽאָדָ֖ם(bā·’ā·ḏām)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 120:Ruddy, a human being

his blood
דָּמ֣וֹ(dā·mōw)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 1818:Blood, of man, an animal, the juice of the grape, bloodshed

will be shed;
יִשָּׁפֵ֑ךְ(yiš·šā·p̄êḵ)
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 8210:To spill forth, to expend, to sprawl out

for
כִּ֚י(kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588:A relative conjunction

in His own
אֱלֹהִ֔ים(’ĕ·lō·hîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 430:gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative

image
בְּצֶ֣לֶם(bə·ṣe·lem)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 6754:A phantom, illusion, resemblance, a representative figure, an idol

God has made
עָשָׂ֖ה(‘ā·śāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213:To do, make

mankind.
הָאָדָֽם׃(hā·’ā·ḏām)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 120:Ruddy, a human being


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OT Law: Genesis 9:6 Whoever sheds man's blood his blood will (Gen. Ge Gn)