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Bible >Exodus >Chapter 30 > Verse 12
◄ Exodus 30:12►
New International Version
“When you take a census of the Israelites to count them, each one must pay the LORD a ransom for his life at the time he is counted. Then no plague will come on them when you number them.

New Living Translation
“Whenever you take a census of the people of Israel, each man who is counted must pay a ransom for himself to the LORD. Then no plague will strike the people as you count them.

English Standard Version
“When you take the census of the people of Israel, then each shall give a ransom for his life to the LORD when you number them, that there be no plague among them when you number them.

Berean Standard Bible
“When you take a census of the Israelites to number them, each man must pay the LORD a ransom for his life when he is counted. Then no plague will come upon them when they are numbered.

King James Bible
When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, whenthou numberest them.

New King James Version
“When you take the census of the children of Israel for their number, then every man shall give a ransom for himself to the LORD, when you number them, that there may be no plague among them whenyou number them.

New American Standard Bible
“When you take a census of the sons of Israel to count them, then each oneof them shall give a ransom for himself to the LORD, when you count them, so that there will be no plague among them when you count them.

NASB 1995
“When you take a census of the sons of Israel to number them, then each one of them shall give a ransom for himself to the LORD, when you number them, so that there will be no plague among them when you number them.

NASB 1977
“When you take a census of the sons of Israel to number them, then each one of them shall give a ransom for himself to the LORD, when you number them, that there may be no plague among them when you number them.

Legacy Standard Bible
“When you take a census of the sons of Israel to number them, then each one of them shall give aprice of atonement for himself to Yahweh when you number them, so that there will be no plague among them when you number them.

Amplified Bible
“When you take the census of the Israelites, each one shall give a ransom for himself to the LORD when you count them, so that no plague will come on them when you number them.

Christian Standard Bible
“When you take a census of the Israelites to register them, each of the men must pay a ransom for his life to the LORD as they are registered. Then no plague will come on them as they are registered.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
When you take a census of the Israelites to register them, each of the men must pay a ransom for himself to the LORD as they are registered. Then no plague will come on them as they are registered.

American Standard Version
When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel, according to those that are numbered of them, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto Jehovah, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when thou numberest them.

Contemporary English Version
Find out how many grown men there are in Israel and require each of them to pay me to keep him safe from danger while you are counting them.

English Revised Version
When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel, according to those that are numbered of them, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when thou numberest them.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"When you take a census of the Israelites, each person must pay the LORD a ransom for his life when he is counted. Then no plague will happen to them when they are counted.

Good News Translation
"When you take a census of the people of Israel, each man is to pay me a price for his life, so that no disaster will come on him while the census is being taken.

International Standard Version
"When you take a census of the Israelis to register them, each is to give a ransom for himself to the LORD when they're registered so there won't be a plague among them when they're registered.

NET Bible
"When you take a census of the Israelites according to their number, then each man is to pay a ransom for his life to the LORD when you number them, so that there will be no plague among them when you number them.

New Heart English Bible
"When you take a census of the children of Israel, according to those who are numbered among them, then each man shall give a ransom for his soul to the LORD, when you number them; that there be no plague among them when you number them.

Webster's Bible Translation
When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul to the LORD, when thou numberest them: that there may be no plague among them, when thou numberest them.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
“When you take a census of the Israelites to number them, each man must pay the LORD a ransom for his life when he is counted. Then no plague will come upon them when they are numbered.

World English Bible
“When you take a census of the children of Israel, according to those who are counted among them, then each man shall give a ransom for his soul to Yahweh when you count them, that there be no plague among them when you count them.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
“When you take up the census of the sons of Israel for their numbers, then they have each given an atonement [for] his soul to YHWH in their being numbered, and there is no plague among them in their being numbered.

Young's Literal Translation
When thou takest up the sum of the sons of Israel for their numbers, then they have given each an atonement for his soul to Jehovah in their being numbered, and there is no plague among them in their being numbered.

Smith's Literal Translation
When thou shalt take up the head of the sons of Israel for their reviewing, and they gave each a ransom of his soul to Jehovah, and in reviewing them; and a stumble shall not be in them in reviewing them.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
When thou shalt take the sum of the children of Israel according to their number, every one of them shall give a price for their souls to the Lord, and there shall be no scourge among them, when they shall be reckoned.

Catholic Public Domain Version
“When you have taken the sum of the sons of Israel, according to their number, each shall give a price for their souls to the Lord, and there will be no scourge among them, when they will be reviewed.

New American Bible
When you take a census of the Israelites who are to be enrolled, each one, as he is enrolled, shall give the LORD a ransom for his life, so that no plague may come upon them for being enrolled.

New Revised Standard Version
When you take a census of the Israelites to register them, at registration all of them shall give a ransom for their lives to the LORD, so that no plague may come upon them for being registered.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
When you receive the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then every man shall give a ransom for himself to the LORD, when you have numbered the people; that there be no plague among them, when you number them.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
“When you will receive a number of the children of Israel, for their number each man shall give the redemption of his soul to LORD JEHOVAH whenever you have numbered them, that no death shall be among them whenever you have numbered them.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel, according to their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul unto the LORD, when thou numberest them; that there be no plague among them, when thou numberest them.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
If thou take account of the children of Israel in the surveying of them, and they shall give every one a ransom for his soul to the Lord, then there shall not be among them a destruction in the visiting of them.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Atonement Money
11Then the LORD said to Moses,12“Whenyou take a censusof the Israelitesto number them,each manmust paythe LORDa ransomfor his lifewhen he is counted.Then noplaguewill comeupon themwhen they are numbered.13Everyone who crosses over to those counted must pay a half shekel, according to the sanctuary shekel, which weighs twenty gerahs. This half shekel is an offering to the LORD.…

Cross References
Numbers 1:2-3
“Take a census of the whole congregation of Israel by their clans and families, listing every man by name, one by one. / You and Aaron are to number those who are twenty years of age or older by their divisions—everyone who can serve in Israel’s army.

Numbers 26:2
“Take a census of the whole congregation of Israel by the houses of their fathers—all those twenty years of age or older who can serve in the army of Israel.”

2 Samuel 24:1-2
Again the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He stirred up David against them, saying, “Go and take a census of Israel and Judah.” / So the king said to Joab the commander of his army, who was with him, “Go now throughout the tribes of Israel from Dan to Beersheba and register the troops, so that I may know their number.”

2 Samuel 24:10
After David had numbered the troops, his conscience was stricken and he said to the LORD, “I have sinned greatly in what I have done. Now, O LORD, I beg You to take away the iniquity of Your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.”

1 Chronicles 21:1-2
Then Satan rose up against Israel and incited David to take a census of Israel. / So David said to Joab and the commanders of the troops, “Go and count the Israelites from Beersheba to Dan and bring me a report, so that I may know their number.”

1 Chronicles 21:7-8
This command was also evil in the sight of God; so He struck Israel. / Then David said to God, “I have sinned greatly because I have done this thing. Now I beg You to take away the iniquity of Your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.”

Leviticus 27:2-3
“Speak to the Israelites and say to them, ‘When someone makes a special vow to the LORD involving the value of persons, / if the valuation concerns a male from twenty to sixty years of age, then your valuation shall be fifty shekels of silver, according to the sanctuary shekel.

Leviticus 27:25
Every valuation will be according to the sanctuary shekel, twenty gerahs to the shekel.

Nehemiah 10:32-33
We also place ourselves under the obligation to contribute a third of a shekel yearly for the service of the house of our God: / for the showbread, for the regular grain offerings and burnt offerings, for the Sabbath offerings, for the New Moons and appointed feasts, for the holy offerings, for the sin offerings to make atonement for Israel, and for all the duties of the house of our God.

Matthew 17:24-27
After they had arrived in Capernaum, the collectors of the two-drachma tax came to Peter and asked, “Does your Teacher pay the two drachmas?” / “Yes,” he answered. When Peter entered the house, Jesus preempted him. “What do you think, Simon?” He asked. “From whom do the kings of the earth collect customs and taxes: from their own sons, or from others?” / “From others,” Peter answered. “Then the sons are exempt,” Jesus said to him. ...

Romans 13:6-7
This is also why you pay taxes. For the authorities are God’s servants, who devote themselves to their work. / Pay everyone what you owe him: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.

1 Peter 1:18-19
For you know that it was not with perishable things such as silver or gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life you inherited from your forefathers, / but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or spot.

1 Corinthians 6:20
you were bought at a price. Therefore glorify God with your body.

1 Corinthians 7:23
You were bought at a price; do not become slaves of men.

2 Corinthians 8:12-14
For if the eagerness is there, the gift is acceptable according to what one has, not according to what he does not have. / It is not our intention that others may be relieved while you are burdened, but that there may be equality. / At the present time, your surplus will meet their need, so that in turn their surplus will meet your need. This way there will be equality.


Treasury of Scripture

When you take the sum of the children of Israel after their number, then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul to the LORD, when you number them; that there be no plague among them, when you number them.

takest

Exodus 38:25,26
And the silver of them that were numbered of the congregationwas an hundred talents, and a thousand seven hundred and threescore and fifteen shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary: …

Numbers 1:2-5
Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, after their families, by the house of their fathers, with the number oftheir names, every male by their polls; …

Numbers 26:2-4
Take the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, from twenty years old and upward, throughout their fathers' house, all that are able to go to war in Israel…

their number.

Numbers 31:50
We have therefore brought an oblation for the LORD, what every man hath gotten, of jewels of gold, chains, and bracelets, rings, earrings, and tablets, to make an atonement for our souls before the LORD.

2 Chronicles 24:6
And the king called for Jehoiada the chief, and said unto him, Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and out of Jerusalem the collection,according to the commandment of Moses the servant of the LORD, and of the congregation of Israel, for the tabernacle of witness?

Job 33:24
Then he is gracious unto him, and saith, Deliver him from going down to the pit: I have found a ransom.

no plague

2 Samuel 24:2-15
For the king said to Joab the captain of the host, whichwas with him, Go now through all the tribes of Israel, from Dan even to Beersheba, and number ye the people, that I may know the number of the people…

1 Chronicles 21:12,14
Either three years' famine; or three months to be destroyed before thy foes, while that the sword of thine enemies overtakeththee; or else three days the sword of the LORD, even the pestilence, in the land, and the angel of the LORD destroying throughout all the coasts of Israel. Now therefore advise thyself what word I shall bring again to him that sent me…

1 Chronicles 27:24
Joab the son of Zeruiah began to number, but he finished not, because there fell wrath for it against Israel; neither was the number put in the account of the chronicles of king David.

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Exodus 30
1.The altar of incense
11.The ransom of souls
17.The bronze basin
22.The holy anointing oil
34.The composition of the incense














When you take a census of the Israelites to number them
In ancient Israel, a census was not merely a population count but a significant event often associated with military or religious purposes. The act of numbering the people was seen as an assertion of ownership or control, which is why it required divine sanction. In2 Samuel 24, David's unauthorized census led to a plague, highlighting the seriousness of this act. The census here is divinely instructed, indicating God's sovereignty over Israel.

each man must pay the LORD a ransom for his life when he is counted
The concept of a ransom reflects the theological understanding that life belongs to God. The payment served as a symbolic act of atonement, acknowledging God's ownership and the sanctity of life. This ransom was a half-shekel, a small but significant amount, ensuring that all could participate regardless of wealth. This prefigures the ultimate ransom paid by Christ, as mentioned inMark 10:45, where Jesus gives His life as a ransom for many.

Then no plague will come upon them when they are numbered
The payment of the ransom was a protective measure, safeguarding the Israelites from divine judgment. This reflects the broader biblical theme of obedience leading to blessing and disobedience leading to curse, as seen inDeuteronomy 28. The avoidance of a plague underscores the seriousness of the census and the need for atonement, pointing to the protective power of obedience to God's commands. This also foreshadows the spiritual protection believers receive through Christ's atoning sacrifice, as seen inRomans 5:9.

Persons / Places / Events
1.Moses
The leader of the Israelites, who received the law from God on Mount Sinai, including the instructions for the census.

2.Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were to be counted in the census and required to pay a ransom.

3.God (Yahweh)
The one true God who commanded the census and the ransom payment to prevent a plague.

4.Census
The act of counting the Israelites, which was to be accompanied by a ransom payment to avoid divine judgment.

5.Ransom Payment
A half-shekel offering required from each Israelite as a means of atonement and protection from a plague.
Teaching Points
The Importance of Obedience
God's instructions are precise and must be followed to avoid consequences. The ransom payment was a specific command to prevent a plague.

Atonement and Redemption
The ransom symbolizes the need for atonement, pointing to the ultimate redemption through Christ's sacrifice.

Communal Responsibility
Each individual had to contribute to the ransom, highlighting the collective responsibility of the community in worship and obedience.

God's Sovereignty and Justice
The requirement of a ransom underscores God's sovereignty and the seriousness of sin, which demands justice and atonement.

Spiritual Reflection
The census and ransom invite believers to reflect on their spiritual state and the cost of redemption, encouraging gratitude for Christ's sacrifice.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1.What is the meaning of Exodus 30:12?

2.How does Exodus 30:12 emphasize the importance of atonement in our lives today?

3.Why is a census linked to a "ransom for his life" in Exodus 30:12?

4.How does Exodus 30:12 connect with New Testament teachings on redemption?

5.What practical steps can we take to avoid "plague" through spiritual obedience?

6.How can we apply the principle of atonement in Exodus 30:12 to modern society?

7.What is the significance of the census in Exodus 30:12 for ancient Israelite society?

8.How does Exodus 30:12 relate to the concept of atonement in the Bible?

9.Why is a ransom required for each person in Exodus 30:12?

10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Exodus 30?

11.In Exodus 30:12–16, how plausible is it that collecting a ransom offering prevented plagues, and is there any historical or archaeological evidence for such a practice?

12.Why was David punished for conducting a census?

13.Why does 1 Chronicles 21:1 say Satan incited David, whereas 2 Samuel 24:1 implies God did?

14.Why does God kill people for taking a census (2 Samuel 24:1-15)?
What Does Exodus 30:12 Mean
When you take a census of the Israelites to number them

- God Himself authorizes the counting (Exodus 30:11;Numbers 1:1-3); it is never to be a mere human whim (2 Samuel 24:1-4 shows what happens when it is).

- The act acknowledges that every life belongs to the Lord (Psalm 24:1).

- Numbering the people underscores their identity as a covenant community, not a loose collection of individuals (Genesis 15:5;Revelation 7:9).

Each man must pay the LORD a ransom for his life

- A fixed half-shekel (Exodus 30:13-15) symbolizes that every soul, rich or poor, stands on equal footing before God (Romans 2:11).

- “Ransom” points ahead to the ultimate redemption in Christ (1 Peter 1:18-19;Mark 10:45).

- By giving to the sanctuary, the people tangibly supported the place where atonement was made (Hebrews 9:22-24).

When he is counted

- The payment is personal; no one may substitute for another (Ezekiel 18:20).

- It turns a mundane headcount into an act of worship, reminding each man of his dependence on divine grace (Deuteronomy 8:18).

- Participation demonstrates willing obedience—an internal attitude expressed in an external act (James 2:17).

Then no plague will come upon them when they are numbered

- Obedience shields the nation from judgment, contrasting sharply with the plague that followed David’s unauthorized census (2 Samuel 24:15).

- God’s holiness demands atonement; when it is provided, protection follows (Numbers 16:46-50;Psalm 91:10).

- The preventive nature of the offering reflects God’s desire to bless, not to punish (Exodus 15:26).

summary

Exodus 30:12 teaches that counting God’s people is permissible only under His direction and must be accompanied by a personal ransom that acknowledges His ownership of every life. This half-shekel offering transforms a census into worship, equalizes all before the Lord, and averts judgment. Ultimately it foreshadows the full ransom paid by Christ, through whom God numbers and protects His redeemed people.

THE RANSOM OF SOULS.

(12)When thou takest the sum of the children of Israel.--A formal enrolment and registration seems to be intended. Hitherto, nothing but a rough estimate of the number had been attempted (Exodus 12:37); now that a covenant had been made with God, an exact account of those who were within the covenant was needed. Moses, apparently, was contemplating such an exact enumeration when the command contained in this text was given him. It would be natural for one trained in Egyptian habits to desire such exact statistical knowledge. (For the minuteness and fulness of the Egyptian statistics of the time, seeRecords of the Past,vol. ii., pp. 19-28; vol. iv. pp. 46, 47; vol. vi. pp. 35-69, &c.)

Then shall they give every man a ransom for his soul.--On being formally enrolled among the people of God, it would be brought home to every man how unworthy he was of such favour, how necessary it was that atonement should in some way or other be made for him. God therefore appointed a way--the same way for all--in order to teach strongly that all souls were of equal value in His sight, and that unworthiness, whatever its degree, required the same expiation.

That there be no plague among them.--If a man did not feel his need of "ransom," and gladly pay the small sum at which the ransom was fixed, he would show himself so proud and presumptuous that he might well provoke a Divine "plague," or punishment.

Verse 12. -When thou takest the sum. The sum had been taken roughly at the time of the exodus (Exodus 12:37). Moses was now, it would seem, about to take it again, more accurately. No command had ever been given that the people should not be numbered; and the Egyptian habit of compiling exact statistics naturally clung to one who had had an Egyptian training. (See the "Statistical Tables of Karnak," in the "Records of the Past," vol. 2. pp. 19-28.)A ransom. Rather "an expiation," "an atonement" - (as inExodus 29:33, 36) - something to show that he was conscious of sin, and of his not deserving to be numbered among God's people. That there was no plague. "That they be not punished for undue pride and presumption. There is no thought of such a plague as was provoked by David's numbering (2 Samuel 24:15).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
“When
כִּ֣י(kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588:A relative conjunction

you take a census
תִשָּׂ֞א(ṯiś·śā)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - second person masculine singular
Strong's 5375:To lift, carry, take

of the Israelites
בְּנֵֽי־(bə·nê-)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121:A son

to number them,
לִפְקֻדֵיהֶם֒(lip̄·qu·ḏê·hem)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - masculine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 6485:To visit, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit

each man
אִ֣ישׁ(’îš)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 376:A man as an individual, a male person

must pay
וְנָ֨תְנ֜וּ(wə·nā·ṯə·nū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 5414:To give, put, set

the LORD
לַיהוָ֖ה(Yah·weh)
Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068:LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

a ransom
כֹּ֧פֶר(kō·p̄er)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3724:A cover, a village, bitumen, the henna plant, a redemption-price

for his life
נַפְשׁ֛וֹ(nap̄·šōw)
Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 5315:A soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, passion, appetite, emotion

when he is counted.
בִּפְקֹ֣ד(bip̄·qōḏ)
Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 6485:To visit, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit

Then no
וְלֹא־(wə·lō-)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808:Not, no

plague
נֶ֖גֶף(ne·ḡep̄)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5063:A trip, an infliction

will come
יִהְיֶ֥ה(yih·yeh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961:To fall out, come to pass, become, be

upon them
בָהֶ֛ם(ḇā·hem)
Preposition | third person masculine plural
Strong's Hebrew

when they are numbered.
בִּפְקֹ֥ד(bip̄·qōḏ)
Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 6485:To visit, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit


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OT Law: Exodus 30:12 When you take a census (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 30:11
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