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Leviticus 23:5
In the fourteenthday of the first month at evenis the LORD'S passover.

Numbers 9:3
In the fourteenth day of this month, at even, ye shall keep it in his appointed season: according to all the rites of it, and according to all the ceremonies thereof, shall ye keep it.

Numbers 28:16,18
And in the fourteenth day of the first monthis the passover of the LORD…

the whole

2 Chronicles 30:15-18
Then they killed the passover on the fourteenthday of the second month: and the priests and the Levites were ashamed, and sanctified themselves, and brought in the burnt offerings into the house of the LORD…

Isaiah 53:6
All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.

Matthew 27:20,25
But the chief priests and elders persuaded the multitude that they should ask Barabbas, and destroy Jesus…

in the evening.

Exodus 16:12
I have heard the murmurings of the children of Israel: speak unto them, saying, At even ye shall eat flesh, and in the morning ye shall be filled with bread; and ye shall know that Iam the LORD your God.

Matthew 27:46-50
And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? …

when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel
The phrase emphasizes the communal aspect of the Passover. All Israelites participated, symbolizing unity and collective obedience to God's command. This prefigures the unity of believers in Christ, as seen in the New Testament church (Acts 2:42-47). The term "assembly" also highlights the importance of community worship and shared faith experiences.

will slaughter the animals at twilight
The slaughtering at twilight, or "between the evenings," marks the beginning of the 14th day, as the Jewish day begins at sunset. This timing is significant as it aligns with the time of Jesus' death, often referred to as the "ninth hour" or around 3 PM (Matthew 27:45-50). The act of slaughtering the lambs points to the sacrificial death of Christ, who was crucified during Passover, fulfilling the typology of the Passover lamb as the ultimate sacrifice for sin.

– The Passover lamb was selected and set apart four days earlier (Exodus 12:3-5).

– Keeping the lamb in the home fostered identification and affection, heightening the sense of substitution when it died (cf.2 Samuel 12:3-6 for the emotional bond between a family and a lamb).

– Jesus, “the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world” (John 1:29), likewise lived among His people before His sacrifice.

– The spotless condition demanded (Exodus 12:5) parallels Christ’s sinlessness (1 Peter 1:18-19;Hebrews 4:15).

– God fixed a precise moment for redemption: “On the fourteenth day of the first month at twilight is the LORD’s Passover” (Leviticus 23:5;Deuteronomy 16:6).

– This date controlled Israel’s calendar and foreshadowed the exact timing of Christ’s crucifixion during Passover week (Luke 22:7-8;John 19:14).

– The detail confirms God’s sovereignty over history and salvation (Galatians 4:4).

– Every household, tribe, and individual participated (Numbers 9:2-3). Salvation was personal yet corporate.

– In the New Covenant, all believers—Jew and Gentile—form one body redeemed by the same Lamb (Acts 2:38-39;Ephesians 2:13-16).

– The collective responsibility also anticipates the universal guilt that Christ bore (Romans 3:23-25) and the worldwide proclamation of the gospel (Acts 2:36).

– The lamb’s death was substitutionary: life for life (Hebrews 9:22).

– Isaiah pictured Messiah “led like a lamb to the slaughter” (Isaiah 53:7), fulfilled when Christ was crucified (1 Corinthians 5:7).

– Each family applied the blood (Exodus 12:7); today each sinner must personally trust Christ’s blood for forgiveness (Romans 5:8-9).

– “Between the evenings” marked the transition from daytime to night (Exodus 29:39).

– Jesus died during those very hours, as darkness covered the land from noon until three o’clock (Matthew 27:45;Mark 15:33-37).

– Twilight underscores urgency: no delay was allowed once God’s moment arrived (2 Corinthians 6:2).

– The setting sun also hints at judgment passing over as night approached (Daniel 9:26-27).

Exodus 12:6 establishes the Passover’s precise timing, communal participation, and sacrificial nature. Israel kept a flawless lamb, then, on God’s fixed day and hour, the entire nation killed it so that its blood would shield them from judgment. This literal event foreshadowed Jesus Christ, the sinless Lamb who lived among us, was slain at the ordained Passover hour, and whose blood saves all who believe.

The whole assembly of the congregation . . . shall kill it.--Every head of a family belonging to the "congregation" was to make the necessary arrangements, to have the victim ready, and to kill it on the fourteenth day, the day of the full moon, at a time described as that "between the two evenings." There is some doubt as to the meaning of this phrase. According to Onkelos and Aben Ezra, the first evening was at sunset, the second about an hour later, when the twilight ended and the stars came out. With this view agrees the direction inDeuteronomy 16:6 :--"Thou shalt sacrifice the passover at even,at the going down of the sun." It is objected that, according to Josephus (Bell. Jud., vi. 9, ? 3), the actual time of the sacrifice was "from the ninth to the eleventh hour"--i.e., from three o'clock to five--and that there would not have been time for the customary ceremonies during the short twilight of Palestine. The ceremonies consisted in the slaughter of the lambs at the tabernacle door, and the conveyance of the blood in basins to the altar, in order that it might be sprinkled upon it. For this operation a period of several hours' duration would seem to have been necessary: hence the time came gradually to be extended; and when this had been done, a new interpretation of the phrase "between the evenings" grew up. The first evening was explained to begin with the decline of the sun from the zenith, and the second with the sunset; but this can scarcely have been the original idea.