New International VersionFor Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them and had cast the pur (that is, the lot) for their ruin and destruction.
New Living TranslationHaman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews, had plotted to crush and destroy them on the date determined by casting lots (the lots were called purim ).
English Standard VersionFor Haman the Agagite, the son of Hammedatha, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur (that is, cast lots), to crush and to destroy them.
Berean Standard BibleFor Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them and had cast the Pur (that is, the lot) to crush and destroy them.
King James BibleBecause Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;
New King James Versionbecause Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to annihilate them, and had cast Pur (that is, the lot), to consume them and destroy them;
New American Standard BibleFor Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had schemed against the Jews to eliminate them, and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to disturb them and eliminate them.
NASB 1995For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had schemed against the Jews to destroy them and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to disturb them and destroy them.
NASB 1977For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had schemed against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to disturb them and destroy them.
Legacy Standard BibleFor Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to cause them to perish and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to throw them into confusion and cause them to perish.
Amplified BibleFor Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, [to find the right time] to disturb and destroy them.
Christian Standard BibleFor Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them. He cast the pur —that is, the lot—to crush and destroy them.
Holman Christian Standard BibleFor Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them. He cast the Pur (that is, the lot) to crush and destroy them.
American Standard Versionbecause Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;
Contemporary English VersionHaman was the son of Hammedatha and a descendant of Agag. He hated the Jews so much that he planned to destroy them, but he wanted to find out the best time to do it. So he cast lots.
English Revised Versionbecause Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;
GOD'S WORD® TranslationIt was because Haman, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them. (Haman was the son of Hammedatha and was from Agag.) Haman had the [Pur] (which means [the lot]) thrown [in order to determine when] to crush and destroy them.
Good News TranslationHaman son of Hammedatha--the descendant of Agag and the enemy of the Jewish people--had cast lots ("purim," they were called) to determine the day for destroying the Jews; he had planned to wipe them out.
International Standard Versionsince Hammedatha's son Haman, the enemy of the Jewish people, had plotted against the Jewish people to destroy them, and he had cast the pur (that is, the lot) to determine when to confuse and destroy them.
NET BibleFor Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised plans against the Jews to destroy them. He had cast pur (that is, the lot) in order to afflict and destroy them.
New Heart English Biblebecause Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast "Pur," that is the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them;
Webster's Bible TranslationBecause Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them; Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BibleFor Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them and had cast the Pur (that is, the lot) to crush and destroy them.
World English Biblebecause Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast “Pur”, that is the lot, to consume them and to destroy them; Literal Translations Literal Standard Versionbecause Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, adversary of all the Jews, had devised concerning the Jews to destroy them, and had caused to fall Pur—that [is] the lot—to crush them and to destroy them;
Young's Literal Translation because Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, adversary of all the Jews, had devised concerning the Jews to destroy them, and had caused to fall Pur -- that is the lot -- to crush them and to destroy them;
Smith's Literal TranslationFor Haman son of Hammedatha the Amite, oppressing all the Jews, purposed against the Jews to destroy them, and he cast Pur (this the lot) to discomfit them and to destroy them; Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleFor Aman, the son of Amadathi of the race of Agag, the enemy and adversary of the Jews, had devised evil against them, to kill them and destroy them: and had cast Phur, that is, the lot.
Catholic Public Domain VersionFor Haman, the son of Hammedatha of Agag lineage, the enemy and adversary of the Jews, had devised evil against them, to kill them and to destroy them. And he had cast Pur, which in our language means the lot.
New American Bible Haman, son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the foe of all the Jews, had planned to destroy them and had cast thepur, or lot, for the time of their defeat and destruction.
New Revised Standard Version Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur—that is “the lot”—to crush and destroy them;Translations from Aramaic Lamsa Bible Because Haman the son of Hammadatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast lots to consume them and to destroy them;
Peshitta Holy Bible Translated Because of Haman, son of Hammadath the Aggagite, the enemy of all of the Jews, who plotted against the Jews to destroy them, and cast lots that he would destroy them.OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917 because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast pur, that is, the lot, to discomfit them, and to destroy them;
Brenton Septuagint Translation shewing how Aman the son of Amadathes the Macedonian fought against them, how he made a decree and cast lots to destroy them utterly;
Additional Translations ... Audio Bible
Context The Feast of Purim Instituted… 23So the Jews agreed to continue the custom they had started, as Mordecai had written to them. 24ForHamansonof Hammedatha,the Agagite,the enemyof allthe Jews,had plottedagainstthe Jewsto destroy themand had castthe Pur(that is,the lot)to crushand destroy them.25But when it came before the king, he commanded by letter that the wicked scheme which Haman had devised against the Jews should come back upon his own head, and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows.…
Cross References Exodus 17:14-16Then the LORD said to Moses, “Write this on a scroll as a reminder and recite it to Joshua, because I will utterly blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven.” / And Moses built an altar and named it The LORD Is My Banner. / “Indeed,” he said, “a hand was lifted up toward the throne of the LORD. The LORD will war against Amalek from generation to generation.”
Deuteronomy 25:17-19Remember what the Amalekites did to you along your way from Egypt, / how they met you on your journey when you were tired and weary, and they attacked all your stragglers; they had no fear of God. / When the LORD your God gives you rest from the enemies around you in the land that He is giving you to possess as an inheritance, you are to blot out the memory of Amalek from under heaven. Do not forget!
1 Samuel 15:2-3This is what the LORD of Hosts says: ‘I witnessed what the Amalekites did to the Israelites when they opposed them on their way up from Egypt. / Now go and attack the Amalekites and devote to destruction all that belongs to them. Do not spare them, but put to death men and women, children and infants, oxen and sheep, camels and donkeys.’”
Proverbs 26:27He who digs a pit will fall into it, and he who rolls a stone will have it roll back on him.
Psalm 7:15-16He has dug a hole and hollowed it out; he has fallen into a pit of his own making. / His trouble recoils on himself, and his violence falls on his own head.
Psalm 9:15-16The nations have fallen into a pit of their making; their feet are caught in the net they have hidden. / The LORD is known by the justice He brings; the wicked are ensnared by the work of their hands. Higgaion Selah
Psalm 35:8May ruin befall them by surprise; may the net they hid ensnare them; may they fall into the hazard they created.
Psalm 37:14-15The wicked have drawn the sword and bent the bow to bring down the poor and needy, to slay those whose ways are upright. / But their swords will pierce their own hearts, and their bows will be broken.
Psalm 57:6They spread a net for my feet; my soul was despondent. They dug a pit before me, but they themselves have fallen into it! Selah
Psalm 141:10Let the wicked fall into their own nets, while I pass by in safety.
Daniel 6:24At the command of the king, the men who had falsely accused Daniel were brought and thrown into the den of lions—they and their children and wives. And before they had reached the bottom of the den, the lions overpowered them and crushed all their bones.
Matthew 7:2For with the same judgment you pronounce, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you.
Matthew 7:12In everything, then, do to others as you would have them do to you. For this is the essence of the Law and the Prophets.
Luke 6:38Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over will be poured into your lap. For with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you.”
Romans 12:19Do not avenge yourselves, beloved, but leave room for God’s wrath. For it is written: “Vengeance is Mine; I will repay, says the Lord.”
Treasury of Scripture Because Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is, the lot, to consume them, and to destroy them; Jump to Previous AdversaryAgagiteAg'agiteAttemptingCastChanceConsumeCrushCuttingDecisionDesignsDestroyDevisedDiscomfitDisturbEndEnemyHamanHammedathaHammeda'thaHaterJewsLotOppressorPlottedPurPuttingRuinSchemedViewJump to Next AdversaryAgagiteAg'agiteAttemptingCastChanceConsumeCrushCuttingDecisionDesignsDestroyDevisedDiscomfitDisturbEndEnemyHamanHammedathaHammeda'thaHaterJewsLotOppressorPlottedPurPuttingRuinSchemedViewEsther 9 1.The Jews slay their enemies, with the ten sons of Haman.12.Xerxes, at the request of Esther,14.grants another day of slaughter, and Haman's sons to be hanged.20.The two days of Purim are instituted.For Haman son of Hammedatha, the AgagiteHaman is identified as the son of Hammedatha and an Agagite, linking him to the Amalekites, traditional enemies of Israel. The Amalekites were descendants of Esau and had a long-standing enmity with the Israelites, dating back to the time of the Exodus ( Exodus 17:8-16). The term "Agagite" may refer to a royal title or lineage, as Agag was a king of the Amalekites defeated by King Saul (1 Samuel 15). This connection underscores the historical animosity and sets the stage for Haman's actions against the Jews. the enemy of all the Jews Haman's enmity is not just personal but extends to all Jews, reflecting a deep-seated hatred. This phrase highlights the collective threat faced by the Jewish people, reminiscent of other biblical figures who opposed God's chosen people. The narrative of Esther emphasizes the theme of divine protection and deliverance for the Jewish nation, as seen in other biblical accounts such as the Exodus. had plotted against the Jews to destroy them Haman's plot to annihilate the Jews is a central theme in the Book of Esther. This mirrors other biblical instances where God's people faced existential threats, such as Pharaoh's decree against Hebrew infants (Exodus 1:22) and later, Herod's massacre of the innocents (Matthew 2:16). The narrative underscores the providence of God in preserving His people against seemingly insurmountable odds. and had cast the Pur (that is, the lot) The casting of lots, or "Pur," was a common practice in the ancient Near East to make decisions or determine fate. In this context, it was used by Haman to select the date for the planned destruction of the Jews. The use of lots is significant in biblical history, often seen as a means by which God reveals His will (Proverbs 16:33). The irony in Esther is that what was intended for evil becomes a means of deliverance, as the festival of Purim commemorates the Jews' survival and victory. to crush and destroy them The language of "crush and destroy" emphasizes the totality of Haman's intended genocide. This echoes the language of other biblical adversaries who sought to obliterate Israel, such as the Assyrians and Babylonians. The narrative of Esther serves as a reminder of God's sovereignty and faithfulness, ensuring the survival and continuity of His covenant people despite the plans of their enemies. Persons / Places / Events 1. HamanThe antagonist in the Book of Esther, identified as an Agagite, which connects him to the Amalekites, historical enemies of Israel. His plot to annihilate the Jews is central to the account. 2. HammedathaHaman's father, mentioned to emphasize Haman's lineage and possibly his inherited enmity towards the Jews. 3. The JewsThe people of God living in the Persian Empire, who were the target of Haman's genocidal plot. 4. Pur - the LotThe method Haman used to determine the date for the planned destruction of the Jews. The casting of lots was a common practice in ancient times to make decisions or determine fate. 5. The Persian EmpireThe setting of the Book of Esther, where the Jewish people were living in exile under King Xerxes (Ahasuerus). Teaching Points The Sovereignty of GodDespite Haman's evil intentions, God is in control. The casting of lots, which seemed random, was under God's sovereign direction, leading to the Jews' deliverance. The Perpetual Battle Against EvilHaman's lineage as an Agagite reminds us of the ongoing spiritual battle against forces that oppose God's people. Believers must remain vigilant and trust in God's protection. The Power of Intercession and AdvocacyEsther's role in advocating for her people highlights the importance of standing in the gap for others through prayer and action. God's Faithfulness to His PromisesThe deliverance of the Jews in Esther's time is a testament to God's faithfulness to His covenant promises, encouraging believers to trust in His unchanging nature. The Importance of Remembering and Celebrating DeliveranceThe establishment of the Feast of Purim as a commemoration of this deliverance teaches us to remember and celebrate God's past faithfulness in our lives. Bible Study Questions and Answers 1.What is the meaning of Esther 9:24?
2.How does Esther 9:24 illustrate the consequences of pride and hatred?
3.What role does divine providence play in Esther 9:24's events?
4.How can we apply Esther 9:24's lessons to modern-day conflicts?
5.Compare Esther 9:24 with Romans 12:19 on vengeance and justice.
6.How does Esther 9:24 encourage us to trust in God's protection?
7.Why did Haman's plot against the Jews fail according to Esther 9:24?
8.How does Esther 9:24 reflect God's providence in the Bible?
9.What historical evidence supports the events described in Esther 9:24?
10.What are the top 10 Lessons from Esther 9?
11.How did Esther save the Jews from Haman's plot?
12.What is the Feast of Purim?
13.Esther 9:10: Does executing Haman's sons conflict with any biblical principles on individual accountability or moral responsibility?
14.What is the main plot of the Book of Esther?What Does Esther 9:24 Mean For Haman son of Hammedatha•Esther 3:1 introduces Haman by full name, underscoring his prominence in the Persian court. • Mentioning his father roots him historically and reminds us that real people carried out these events (cf.Luke 3:23 – 38, where genealogy proves historicity). • His ascent to authority shows how quickly an ungodly person can gain power when a ruler is careless (Esther 3:1 – 2). the Agagite• “Agagite” ties Haman to King Agag of the Amalekites (1 Samuel 15:8). • The Amalekites were Israel’s first recorded national enemy (Exodus 17:14 – 16); God promised perpetual war against them. • Centuries later that ancient hostility resurfaces in Haman, revealing how unresolved sin and hatred can linger through generations (Deuteronomy 25:17 – 19). the enemy of all the Jews• Haman’s hatred is not limited to Mordecai; it targets every Jew in the empire (Esther 3:5 – 6). • This mirrors Satan’s broad hostility toward God’s covenant people (Revelation 12:17;John 15:18). • Scripture consistently warns that opposition to God’s people is ultimately opposition to God Himself (Zechariah 2:8). had plotted against the Jews to destroy them• “Plotted” conveys deliberate strategy, not momentary anger. Haman crafts royal decrees (Esther 3:8 – 11) and leverages political influence. •Psalm 2:1 – 4 illustrates how rulers “plot” vain things against the LORD and His anointed, but He still reigns. •Proverbs 21:30 confirms, “There is no wisdom, no insight, no plan that can succeed against the LORD”. and had cast the Pur (that is, the lot)• Casting lots sought supernatural guidance, yet Haman relied on superstition rather than truth (Esther 3:7). •Proverbs 16:33 reminds us, “The lot is cast into the lap, but its every decision is from the LORD.” • God quietly governed the outcome, setting the date almost a year away, giving Esther and Mordecai time to act (Esther 3:12 – 13; 8:9 – 14). to crush and destroy them• Haman’s endgame was total annihilation—men, women, and children—an echo of Pharaoh’s genocidal intent (Exodus 1:15 – 22). •Psalm 83:4 records similar words from enemies who said, “Come, let us wipe them out as a nation.” •Romans 8:31 reassures believers that if God is for us, none can prevail, a truth proved when Haman’s decree is overturned (Esther 9:1). summaryEsther 9:24 reminds us that a historic, deep-seated hatred drove Haman’s calculated plan for genocide. Yet even as lots were cast and decrees penned, God’s unseen hand overruled every detail, turning an intended day of destruction into a celebration of deliverance (Esther 9:1 – 2). The verse highlights the enduring conflict between those who oppose God’s people and the LORD who protects them, affirming that no plot can thwart His covenant purposes. (24) Pur.--See above on Esther 3:7.
Parallel Commentaries ...
Hebrew Forכִּי֩(kî)Conjunction Strong's 3588:A relative conjunctionHamanהָמָ֨ן(hā·mān)Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 2001:Haman -- to rage, be turbulentsonבֶּֽן־(ben-)Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 1121:A sonof Hammedathaהַמְּדָ֜תָא(ham·mə·ḏā·ṯā)Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 4099:Hammedatha including the articlethe Agagite,הָֽאֲגָגִ֗י(hā·’ă·ḡā·ḡî)Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 91:Agagite -- a descriptive term for Hamanthe enemyצֹרֵר֙(ṣō·rêr)Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular Strong's 6887:To bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, or crampedof allכָּל־(kāl-)Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3605:The whole, all, any, everythe Jews,הַיְּהוּדִ֔ים(hay·yə·hū·ḏîm)Article | Noun - proper - masculine plural Strong's 3064:Jews -- Jewishhad plottedחָשַׁ֥ב(ḥā·šaḇ)Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 2803:To think, accountagainstעַל־(‘al-)Preposition Strong's 5921:Above, over, upon, againstthe Jewsהַיְּהוּדִ֖ים(hay·yə·hū·ḏîm)Article | Noun - proper - masculine plural Strong's 3064:Jews -- Jewishto destroy themלְאַבְּדָ֑ם(lə·’ab·bə·ḏām)Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural Strong's 6:To wander away, lose oneself, to perishand had castוְהִפִּ֥יל(wə·hip·pîl)Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 5307:To fall, liethe Purפּוּר֙(pūr)Noun - masculine singular Strong's 6332:a lot', a Jewish feast(that is,ה֣וּא(hū)Pronoun - third person masculine singular Strong's 1931:He, self, the same, this, that, as, arethe lot)הַגּוֹרָ֔ל(hag·gō·w·rāl)Article | Noun - masculine singular Strong's 1486:Lot -- a lot (for casting)to crushלְהֻמָּ֖ם(lə·hum·mām)Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural Strong's 2000:To make a noise, move noisily, confuse, discomfitand destroy them.וּֽלְאַבְּדָֽם׃(ū·lə·’ab·bə·ḏām)Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct | third person masculine plural Strong's 6:To wander away, lose oneself, to perish
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OT History: Esther 9:24 Because Haman the son of Hammedatha (Est Esth. Es) |