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Exodus 17:14
And the LORD said unto Moses, Write thisfor a memorial in a book, and rehearseit in the ears of Joshua: for I will utterly put out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven.

Deuteronomy 31:19-22
Now therefore write ye this song for you, and teach it the children of Israel: put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for me against the children of Israel…

1 Chronicles 16:12
Remember his marvellous works that he hath done, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth;

in all the provinces.

Esther 1:1,22
Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus, (thisis Ahasuerus which reigned, from India even unto Ethiopia,over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces:) …

Esther 3:12
Then were the king's scribes called on the thirteenth day of the first month, and there was written according to all that Haman had commanded unto the king's lieutenants, and to the governors thatwere over every province, and to the rulers of every people of every province according to the writing thereof, andto every people after their language; in the name of king Ahasuerus was it written, and sealed with the king's ring.

Esther 8:9
Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month, thatis, the month Sivan, on the three and twentiethday thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces whichare from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, unto every province according to the writing thereof, and unto every people after their language, and to the Jews according to their writing, and according to their language.

an annual celebration
The concept of an annual celebration highlights the importance of regular remembrance and thanksgiving. In Jewish culture, annual feasts and festivals serve as reminders of God's faithfulness and covenant with His people. This particular celebration, Purim, is a time of joy and festivity, commemorating the Jews' deliverance from Haman's plot. It parallels other annual observances like the Feast of Tabernacles and the Day of Atonement, which are also times of reflection and celebration.

on the fourteenth and fifteenth days
The specific mention of the fourteenth and fifteenth days indicates the precise timing of the celebration, which aligns with the Jewish lunar calendar. These days were chosen because they mark the time when the Jews rested from their enemies and celebrated their victory. The two-day celebration allows for the inclusion of Jews from both walled and unwalled cities, as the events unfolded differently in these locations (Esther 9:17-19).

of the month of Adar
Adar is the twelfth month of the Jewish calendar, typically falling in February or March. It is a month associated with joy and deliverance, as Purim is celebrated during this time. The timing of Purim in Adar is significant because it precedes Passover, another festival of deliverance. The month of Adar is also a time when Jews prepare for the spiritual renewal of Passover, making the themes of redemption and divine intervention particularly poignant.

“to establish among them…” (Esther 9:21)

• Mordecai’s letter is not a casual suggestion; it is an authoritative directive rooted in the providential events recorded inEsther 9:20.

• The verb “establish” signals permanence—much like God’s commands for Passover (Exodus 12:14) or the Feast of Booths (Leviticus 23:41).

• By putting the celebration in writing (Esther 9:29–32), the leaders ensure that every Jewish community, “both near and far” (Esther 9:20), will unify around God’s deliverance.

• The same principle of setting memorials appears inJoshua 4:7, where stones remind Israel of the Jordan crossing; here the feast will remind future generations of God’s reversal of Haman’s plot.

“…an annual celebration…” (Esther 9:21)

• The feast is yearly, echoing the rhythm of God-ordained festivals that keep His acts of salvation fresh in the national memory (Psalm 145:4).

• Regular repetition guards against forgetfulness (Deuteronomy 4:9) and provides an opportunity for testimony, much like the Lord’s Supper “in remembrance of Me” (Luke 22:19;1 Corinthians 11:25).

• The text later calls the feast “Purim” (Esther 9:26–28), tying the name to the lots (“pur”) Haman cast, showcasing how God overrules human schemes (Proverbs 19:21).

• Celebration is not mere festivity; it bears witness to the covenant-keeping God who “gives His people rest from their enemies” (Esther 9:22).

“…on the fourteenth…” (Esther 9:21)

• The fourteenth of Adar marks the day when Jews in the provinces “gathered… and gained relief” (Esther 9:17).

• Choosing the exact calendar day highlights history’s precision: real dates, real deliverance (cf.Exodus 12:6—Passover’s 14th).

• Rural Jews rested and rejoiced on this date, so the feast preserves that original timing (Esther 9:17, 19).

• It affirms God’s faithfulness “to the very day” (Exodus 12:41), encouraging believers to recognize divine appointments in their own lives.

“…and fifteenth days…” (Esther 9:21)

• The capital city of Susa fought an extra day (Esther 9:18), so its celebration began on the fifteenth.

• Including both days prevents division between city and countryside; all Israel rejoices together (Psalm 133:1).

• Many biblical festivals run two or more days (Leviticus 23:6–8,Numbers 29:12–38), reflecting the fullness of joy in God’s salvation.

• The doubled date underscores total victory—no pocket of resistance remained (Esther 9:16).

“…of the month of Adar.” (Esther 9:21)

• Adar is the twelfth month (Esther 3:7), the very month Haman selected for Israel’s destruction; God turns the enemy’s timetable into a testimony (Esther 9:1).

• The setting near the close of the civil year makes the feast a climactic reminder that “many are the plans in a man’s heart, but the purpose of the LORD prevails” (Proverbs 19:21).

• The placement also anticipates the coming Passover (Nisan), linking two distinct yet complementary pictures of redemption (Esther 3:7;Exodus 12:2).

• By rooting Purim in Adar, Scripture shows that God’s providence permeates every season (Ecclesiastes 3:1).

Esther 9:21 records Mordecai’s inspired directive to institute Purim: a perpetual, two-day feast on Adar 14-15. Each phrase underscores God’s sovereign reversal—He secures a unified, annual remembrance so future generations will celebrate His deliverance with gladness, generosity, and shared faith.